ANGKA PREVALENSI CEMARAN BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA MEJA DAN PERALATAN PEDAGANG DAGING AYAM BROILER DI DUA PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA BANDA ACEH

ANGKA PREVALENSI CEMARAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA MEJA DAN PERALATAN PEDAGANG DAGING AYAM BROILER DI DUA PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA BANDA ACEHABSTRAKEscherichia coli dikenal sebagai bakteri indikator sanitasi, keberadaannya dalam pangan menunjukkan bahwa pangan tercemar oleh lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui angka prevalensi bakteri E. coli pada meja dan peralatan pedagang daging ayam broiler. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 20 swab meja, pisau, dan talenan pedagang daging ayam broiler di dua Pasar Tradisional Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Total Plate Count (TPC) dengan larutan Buffer Peptone Water (BPW) dan mengidentifikasi E. coli menggunakan media selektif diferensial, yaitu dengan Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 2 meja, 2 pisau, dan 3 talenan di Pasar Tradisional Seutui positif tercemar E. coli dengan angka prevalensi cemaran E. coli pada meja (40%), pisau (40%), dan talenan (60%), sedangkan di Pasar Tradisional Peunayong terdapat 2 meja dan 2 pisau positif tercemar E. coli dengan angka prevalensi cemaran E. coli pada meja (13%) dan pisau (13%). Hasil kesimpulan yang didapat yaitu rata-rata angka prevalensi cemaran E. coli secara keseluruhan pada peralatan pedagang dari dua Pasar Tradisional di Kota Banda Aceh yaitu 18,33%.Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, prevalensi, peralatan pedagang, pasar tradisional.THE PREVALENCE RATE OF Escherichia coli CONTAMINATION ON THE TABLE AND EQUIPMENT OF BROILER TRADERS AT TWO TRADITIONAL MARKETS IN BANDA ACEHABSTRACTEscherichia coli is known as an indicator of sanitation bacteria, its presence in food indicates that food is polluted by the environment. This study aims to determine the prevalence of E. coli bacteria on the table and equipment of broiler chicken meat traders. The samples used were 20 table swabs, knives, and cutting boards of broiler traders in two Traditional Markets in Banda Aceh City. This study uses the Total Plate Count (TPC) method with Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) solution and identifies E. coli using differential selective media, namely Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA). The results showed that 2 tables, 2 knives, and 3 cutting boards in the Seutui Traditional Market were positively contaminated with E. coli with the prevalence of E. coli contamination on the table (40%), knives (40%), and cutting boards (60%), while in the Peunayong Tradisional Market there are 2 tables and 2 positive knives contaminated with E. coli with the prevalence rate of E. coli contamination on the table (13%) and knives (13%). The conclusion obtained is the average prevalence rate of E. coli contamination as a whole on the equipment of traders from two Traditional Markets in the City of Banda Aceh is 18.33%.Keywords: Escherichia coli, prevalence, equipment traders, traditional markets

PENGUASAAN NEGARA ATAS SUMBER DAYA AIR DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG SUMBER DAYA AIR PERSPEKTIF SIYASAH DUSTURIYAH

Sumber daya air merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang vital baik untuk kehidupan flora, fauna, dan manusia di muka bumi maupun untuk kebutuhan manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari di berbagai sektor kehidupan. Presiden Joko Widodo mengesahkan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sumber Daya Air dan tidak memberlakukan Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1974 Tentang Pengairan (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1974 Nomor 65, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3046). Dengan harapan Undang-Undang ini dapat menjamin kekuasaan negara atas air untuk dipergunakan bagi kemakmuran rakyat, dengan pertimbangan bahwa dalam menghadapi ketersediaan air yang cenderung menurun dan kebutuhan air yang meningkat, sumber daya air perlu dikelola dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, lingkungan hidup, dan ekonomi secara selaras untuk mewujudkan sinergi keterpaduan antar wilayah, antar sektor, dan antar generasi guna memenuhi kebutuhan atas air. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mengkaji mengenai bagaimana penguasaan negara atas sumber daya air yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sumber Daya Air, dan tinjauan siyasah dusturiyah terhadap penguasaan atas sumber daya air dalam Undang-Undang tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah library research dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa sumber data primer yang berasal dari Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sumber Daya Air, Nasakah Akademik, dan Risalah Undang-Undang, dan sumber data sekunder berasal dari buku, jurnal, penelitian terdahulu dan dokumen-dokumen yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif-analisis. Sementara teori yang digunakan adalah teori siyasah dusturiyah. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa penguasaan negara atas sumber daya air dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 Tentang Sumber Daya Air merupakan pengaturan yang lebih baik daripada undang-undang sebelumnya, lebih memperhatikan hak rakyat atas air, dan sudah sesuai dengan makna penguasaan negara atas air yang tercantum dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Meskipun masih ada beberapa hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan, seperti pengaturan mengenai implementasi yang sampai saat ini belum diatur secara jelas. Dari sisi siyasah dusturiyah, penguasaan atas sumber daya air dalam Undang-Undang ini menempatkan negara melalui pemerintah sebagai perwakilan rakyat atau ahlul halli wal aqdi. Yakni sebagai wakil rakyat yang merupakan pemilik atas air untuk melaksanakan fungsi-fungsi pembuatan kebijakan, pengaturan, pengelolaan, dan pengawasan terhadap sumber daya air untuk kesejahteraan rakyat

Indications and Visual Outcome in Patients Undergoing Penetrating Keratoplasty

Background: Penetrating keratoplasty is commonly performed surgery in patients suffering from corneal blindness and visual impairment, where full thickness diseased cornea is replaced with healthy cornea. This study aims to outline indications of Penetrating keratoplasty and visual outcomes following the procedure. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, hospital-based study included 48 eyes of 48 subjects fulfilling inclusion criteria and underwent Penetrating keratoplasty from January 2017-2020 at Bharatpur Eye Hospital. General ophthalmologic examination was done preoperatively and postoperatively. Indication of the surgery along with demographic outline and requisite investigations were performed. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 47±1.83 years (13-74 years) where most of them were in 61-70years (23%) age group. Male subjects were more (62.5%) compared to females. Triple procedure was performed in 6.25 percent of patients. The most common indication was infective keratitis (52%) followed by corneal opacity/ scarring, regrafts, keratoconus and bullous keratopathy. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed slightly more for therapeutic purpose (52%) than optical. Intraoperative complications were observed in 16.7% of patients, positive vitreous pressure being the sole cause. Ameliorated visual acuity was observed in 71% of patients with43.75% of patients having VA of ≥3/60 Conclusion: Infective keratitis was the predominant indication followed by corneal opacity/ scarring. Penetrating keratoplasty helps in maintaining integrity of the globe along with restoration of visio

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN KELUARGA HIPERTENSI PADA TN.S DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MERTOYUDAN II KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Latar belakang : Hipertensi tergolong penyakit tidak menular dan didunia menjadi penyebab kematian utama seseorang secara global. Munculnya masalah kesehatan ini disebabkan rendahnya pengetahuan. Selain itu, juga dapat disebabkan karena pola makan masyarakat sering mengkonsumi makanan mengandung gula dan garam berlebihan, kegemaran makanan berkolestol, merokok, stres, serta malas bergerak atau berolahraga secara teratur. Dukungan keluarga dapat memberikan hasil yang sangat signifikan terhadap terkontrolnya tekanan darah. Sehingga untuk mencapai derajat kesehatan yang lebih tinggi, harus mau dan mampu mengubah perilaku hidup sehat. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mendeskripsikan asuhan keperawatan keluarga Hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mertoyudan II Kabupaten Magelang.Metoda : Asuhan keperawatan keluarga ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus (case study) dan proses pendekatan keperawatan. Pada penelitian ini melibatkan satu responden serta anggota keluarga dengan kasus penyakit Hipertensi sebagai subjek penelitian.Hasil : Setelah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan keluarga selama 3 kali pertemuan didapatkan 2 masalah keperawatan, yaitu ketidakpatuhan diit berhubungan dengan ketidakmampuan keluarga merawat anggotanya yang sakit dan defisiensi pengetahuan berhubungan dengan ketidakmampuan keluarga mengenal masalah kesehatan.Simpulan : Masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan teratasi dengan evaluasi keperawatan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, meliputi pengetahuan mengenai penyakit hipertensi meningkat dan mengerti diit hipertensi yang harus dapat diterapkan dirumah

Diagnostic accuracy of smartphone corneal photography for detection of corneal opacities in a resource-limited setting: a community-based study.

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of smartphone corneal photography in detecting corneal opacities in a community-based setting.MethodsA case-control, diagnostic accuracy study was nested in a cluster-randomized trial of a corneal ulcer prevention intervention in Nepal. Smartphone corneal photography was performed annually on community members self-reporting a potential risk factor for a corneal infection. Corneal photographs were graded for the presence or absence of an opacity. All cases with an opacity on smartphone photography and an equal number of controls were invited for a comprehensive eye examination with a slit lamp biomicroscope at an eye hospital. A mobile team visited participants unable to come to the hospital, conducting a limited examination with a penlight.ResultsOf 1332 study participants (666 cases and 666 controls), 1097 had a penlight examination (535 cases and 562 controls) and 191 had a slit lamp examination (120 cases and 71 controls). When penlight examination was considered the reference standard, smartphone diagnosis of a corneal opacity had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 47% (95% confidence interval 43-52%) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95% (93-97%). When slit lamp examination was considered the reference standard, the overall PPV and NPV were 71% (62-78%) and 80% (70-88%), respectively. The NPV was greater for detection of opacities > 1mm, estimated at 95% (90-98%).ConclusionsCorneal photography performed in a resource-limited community-based setting using a smartphone coupled to an external attachment had acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detection of corneal opacities large enough to be clinically meaningful

Village-integrated eye workers for prevention of corneal ulcers in Nepal (VIEW study): a cluster-randomised controlled trial

BackgroundCorneal ulcers are a common cause of blindness in low-income and middle-income countries, usually resulting from traumatic corneal abrasions during agricultural work. Antimicrobial prophylaxis of corneal abrasions can help prevent corneal ulcers, but delays in the initiation of therapy are frequent. We aimed to assess whether a community-based programme for corneal ulcer prevention would reduce the incidence of corneal ulceration.MethodsA cluster-randomised trial was performed in village development committees (VDCs) in Nepal. VDCs in the catchment area of Bharatpur Eye Hospital, Nepal with less than 15 000 people were eligible for inclusion. We randomly assigned (1:1) VDCs to either an intervention group or a control group. In the intervention VDCs, existing female community health volunteers (FCHVs) were trained to diagnose corneal abrasions and provide a 3-day course of ophthalmic antimicrobials to their patients. In the control VDCs, FCHVs did not provide this intervention. Participants were not masked given the nature of the intervention. Both groups were followed up for 3 years for photographic evidence of corneal ulceration. The primary outcome was the incidence of corneal ulceration, determined by masked assessment of corneal photographs. The analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01969786.FindingsWe assessed 112 VDCs, of which 24 were enrolled. The study was performed between Feb 4, 2014, and Oct 20, 2017. 12 VDCs were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 12 to the control group. 252 539 individuals were included in the study (130 579 in the intervention group and 121 960 in the control group). FCHVs diagnosed and provided antimicrobials for 4777 corneal abrasions. The census identified 289 corneal ulcers among 246 893 person-years in the intervention group (incidence 1·21 cases [95% CI 0·85-1·74] per 1000 person-years) and 262 corneal ulcers among 239 170 person-years in the control group (incidence 1·18 cases [0·82-1·70] per 1000 person-years; incidence rate ratio 1·03 [95% CI 0·63-1·67]; p=0·93). Medication allergy was self-reported in 0·2% of participants.InterpretationWe did not detect a reduction in the incidence of corneal ulceration during the first 3 years of a community-based corneal ulcer prevention programme. Further study might be warranted in more rural areas where basic eye care facilities are not available.FundingNational Eye Institute