Exégesis y homilética en cantar de los cantares Rabba

Al margen de la distribución clásica de los didrašim en exegéticos y homiléticos, que responde a unos criterios de mera estructura formal, este articulo pretende analizar los materiales midrásicos según que en sí mismos sean exegéticos, propios del bet-midraš, o que sean homiléticos, propios del bet-kĕneset. Desde esta perspectiva se analizan dos de los cuatro proemios que preceden al texto de Cantar de los Cantares Rabba. Se aiñade además una relación de las fórmulas del dĕraš en Cant R., distribuyéndolas también en homiléticas y exegéticas.Besides the known distribution in exegetical midrashim and homiletical midrashim, wich rests on a criterion od pure formal structure, this paper pretends to analize the midrashic materials themselves wether as exegetical ones, having their Sitz im Leben in the bet-midrash, other as homiletical ones, having it in the bet-kneset. From this point of view we analize two of the four Proems which precede the standard text of Song of Songs Rabbah. There is also a brief list of the derash patterns in this Midrash

Exégesis y homilética en cantar de los cantares Rabba

Besides the known distribution in exegetical midrashim and homiletical midrashim, wich rests on a criterion od pure formal structure, this paper pretends to analize the midrashic materials themselves wether as exegetical ones, having their Sitz im Leben in the bet-midrash, other as homiletical ones, having it in the bet-kneset. From this point of view we analize two of the four Proems which precede the standard text of Song of Songs Rabbah. There is also a brief list of the derash patterns in this Midrash.Al margen de la distribución clásica de los didrašim en exegéticos y homiléticos, que responde a unos criterios de mera estructura formal, este articulo pretende analizar los materiales midrásicos según que en sí mismos sean exegéticos, propios del bet-midraš, o que sean homiléticos, propios del bet-kĕneset. Desde esta perspectiva se analizan dos de los cuatro proemios que preceden al texto de Cantar de los Cantares Rabba. Se aiñade además una relación de las fórmulas del dĕraš en Cant R., distribuyéndolas también en homiléticas y exegéticas

Snake Venomics of the Central American Rattlesnake Crotalus simus and the South American Crotalus durissus Complex Points to Neurotoxicity as an Adaptive Paedomorphic Trend along Crotalus Dispersal in South America

We report a comparative venomic and antivenomic characterization of the venoms of newborn and adult specimens of the Central American rattlesnake, Crotalus simus, and of the subspecies cumanensis, durissus, ruruima, and terrificus of South American Crotalus durissus. Neonate and adult C. simus share about 50% of their venom proteome. The venom proteome of 6-week-old C. simus is predominantly made of the neurotoxic heterodimeric phospholipase A2 (PLA2 crotoxin) (55.9%) and serine proteinases (36%), whereas snake venom Zn2+-metalloproteinases (SVMPs), exclusively of class PIII, represent only 2% of the total venom proteins. In marked contrast, venom from adult C. simus comprises toxins from 7 protein families. A large proportion (71.7%) of these toxins are SVMPs, two-thirds of which belong to the PIII class. These toxin profiles correlate well with the overall biochemical and pharmacological features of venoms from adult (hemorrhagic) and newborn (neurotoxic) C. simus specimens. The venoms of the South American Crotalus subspecies belong to one of two distinct phenotypes. C. d. cumanensis exhibits high levels of SVMPs and low lethal potency (LD50), whereas C. d. subspecies terrificus, ruruima, and durissus have low SVMP activity and high neurotoxicity to mice. Their overall toxin compositions explain the outcome of envenomation by these species. Further, in all C. simus and C. durissus venoms, the concentration of neurotoxins (crotoxin and crotamine) is directly related with lethal activity, whereas lethality and metalloproteinase activity show an inverse relationship. The similar venom toxin profiles of newborn C. simus and adult C. durissus terrificus, ruruima, and durissus subspecies strongly suggests that the South American taxa have retained juvenile venom characteristics in the adult form (paedomorphism) along their North−South stepping-stone dispersal. The driving force behind paedomorphism is often competition or predation pressure. The increased concentration of the neurotoxins crotoxin and crotamine in South American rattlesnake venoms strongly argues that the gain of neurotoxicity and lethal venom activities to mammals may have represented the key axis along which overall venom toxicity has evolved during Crotalus durissus invasion of South America. The paedomorphic trend is supported by a decreasing LNC (lethal neurotoxicity coefficient, defined as the ratio between the average LD50 of the venom and the crotoxin + crotamine concentration) along the North−South axis, coincident with the evolutionary dispersal pattern of the Neotropical rattlesnakes. The indistinguisable immunoreactivity patterns of Costa Rican and Venezuelan polyvalent antivenoms toward C. simus and C. durissus venoms strongly suggest the possibility of using these antivenoms indistinctly for the management of snakebites by adult C. simus and by certain C. d. cumanensis populations exhibiting a hemorrhagic venom phenotype. The antivenomic results also explain why the antivenoms effectively neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of adult C. simus venoms but does not protect against adult C. durissus sp. and newborn C. simus envenomations. The identification of evolutionary trends among tropical Crotalus, as reported here, may have an impact in defining the mixture of venoms for immunization to produce an effective pan-American anti-Crotalus antivenom.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia/[BFU2007-6156]//EspañaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[741-A7-611]/UCR/Costa RicaPrograma Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo/206AC0281/CYTED/EspañaAcciones Integradas/2006CR001//Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/[2007CR0004]/CRUSA-CSIC/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP

Internal insulation with integrated radiant wall panels: Innovative Inner Insulation

Recently in energy retrofit solutions for the built heritage an increasing interest towards the inner shell insulation is arising. In many cases these solutions borrow techniques and products from the most consolidated solutions of outer shell insulation, often revealing difficulties in execution and control of the results. Inner shell insulation is a developing and improving intervention field, both on technical side and on productive one. In order to hold down work costs and duration and to ensure the required level of energy performance, minimizing installation and setup errors, the research and the market are orienting towards integrated solutions. One of the most interesting features, being checked, is the chance to refurbish inner spaces, whether with residential or tertiary function, without taking occupiers away from the building. The aim of the paper is to describe the purpose, the methodology and the former outcomes of a research project, granted by E.U., aimed to experiment an innovative, integrated and active insulation system applied to the inner side of the building envelope. The I.I.I. (Innovative Inner Insulation) project is an industrial research and experimental development national project, which is conducted by three public research universities and three private technical partners selected between small and medium Italian enterprises. The research project allows to perform specific and systematized interventions in a flexible, integrated and active way according to a cross-curricular method. The system consists of a preassembled dry-laid panel, in which structure, thermal and acoustic insulation, heating plant and possible finish coat are integrated: it is concerned with processing techniques of semifinished and stratified products, as used in cooled transport containers industry. Choosing a radiant wall heating causes a chance to integrate passive insulation with an active energy contribution at low temperature. The paper aims to point out in particular the operating procedures and the outcomes of the experimental phase. As a first step the technical solution was tested in laboratory and at a later stage in two sample-rooms within a pilot construction site in Turin, which will convert one of the buildings facing Piazza Carlo Emanuele II, called “ex Casa Gramsci”, into an hotel. The on-site trial includes the monitoring in sequence of the energy performances of the envelope and final checks through modeling, to develop production and setup process in order to patent the I.I.I. system