Il Seminoma nel cavallo. Studio retrospettivo ed esperienza clinica

Clinical, echographic and histopathological aspects of monolateral seminoma in a horse are reported. The subject showed reduced libido and abnormal spermatogram, the affected testicle was smaller compared with the controlateral and hypoechoic areas were present in the parenchima. Histological examination confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of seminoma

Tumore venereo trasmissibile: una patologia sempre attuale

Gli Autori analizzano i risultati ottenuti nel trattamento del Tumore Venereo Trasmissibile del cane mediante l'impiego della terapia chirurgica o della chemioterapia con vincristina. In caso di TVT molto esteso o a carico di particolari distretti anatomici la chirurgia è stata considerata aggressiva e la ricostruzione tessutale complessa se non impossibile. La principale complicanza a lungo termine è stata la stenosi uretrale. Il 25% dei casi ha presentato recidiva entro 12 mesi darintervento. La chemioterapia con vincristina ha determinato la scomparsa della neoplasia in tempi brevi, senza alcun segno di tossicità né recidive

Effects of lidocaine constant rate infusion on sevoflurane requirement, autonomic responses, and postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariectomy under opioid-based balanced anesthesia

The effects of constant rate infusion (CRI) of lidocaine on sevoflurane (SEVO) requirements, autonomic responses to noxious stimulation, and postoperative pain relief were evaluated in dogs undergoing opioid-based balanced anesthesia. Twenty-four dogs scheduled for elective ovariectomy were randomly assigned to one of four groups: BC, receiving buprenorphine without lidocaine; FC, receiving fentanyl without lidocaine; BL, receiving buprenorphine and lidocaine; FL, receiving fentanyl and lidocaine. Dogs were anesthetized with intravenous (IV) diazepam and ketamine and anesthesia maintained with SEVO in oxygen/air. Lidocaine (2 mg/kg plus 50 μg/kg/min) or saline were infused in groups BL/FL and BC/FC, respectively. After initiation of lidocaine or saline CRI IV buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) or fentanyl (4 μg/kg plus 8 μg/kg/h CRI) were administered IV in BC/BL and FC/FL, respectively. Respiratory and hemodynamic variables, drug plasma concentrations, and end-tidal SEVO concentrations (E’SEVO) were measured. Behaviors and pain scores were subjectively assessed 1 and 2 h post-extubation. Lidocaine CRI produced median drug plasma concentrations &lt;0.4 μg/mL during peak surgical stimulation. Lidocaine produced a 14% decrease in E’SEVO in the BL (P &lt; 0.01) but none in the FL group and no change in cardio-pulmonary responses to surgery or postoperative behaviors and pain scores in any group. Thus, depending on the opioid used, supplementing opioid-based balanced anesthesia with lidocaine (50 μg/kg/min) may not have any or only a minor impact on anesthetic outcome in terms of total anesthetic dose, autonomic responses to visceral nociception, and postoperative analgesia.</br

Capture myopathy in a corsican red deer <i>Cervus elaphus corsicanus</i> (Ungulata: Cervidae)

The present study focused on the importance of translocation as stressful event in an endangered cervid species causing fatal consequences during capture operations. Fourteen free-ranging Sardinian red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) have been captured for restocking propose in a protected area of southwestern Sardinia. The cervids were chemically immobilized, transported to a restocking area and released in the wild. Sixteen hours after the release, a pregnant hind was found dead and a complete necropsy was performed. Post-capture blood samples showed increased levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cortisol and potassium and were highly indicative of stress-linked muscle damage. The macro- and microscopic lesions consisted of muscular and cardiac degeneration, and renal injury. In the kidneys, the presence of myoglobin in intratubular casts, detected by immunohistochemistry assay, suggested an acute renal failure associated with myoglobinuric nephrosis as a consequence of rhabdomyolysis. The pathological findings were indicative of capture myopathy in a Cervus elaphus corsicanus. This condition has never been reported in the endangered Corsican red deer. This report underlines that mortality from capture is a risk that must be considered during restocking programs. Further studies are needed to minimize stress to preserve wildlife from the risk of fatal consequences due to human interactions

Characterization of the Sarcidano Horse Coat Color Genes

The goal of this study was to contribute to the general knowledge of the Sarcidano Horse, both by the identification of the genetic basis of the coat color and by updating the exact locations of the genotyping sites, based on the current EquCab3.0 genome assembly version. One-hundred Sarcidano Horses, living in semi-feral condition, have been captured to perform health and biometric checks. From that total number, 70 individual samples of whole blood were used for DNA extraction, aimed to characterize the genetic basis of the coat color. By genotyping and sequencing analyses of the MC1R Exon 1 and ASIP Exon 3, a real image of the coat color distribution in the studied population has been obtained. Chestnut and Black resulted in the most representative coat colors both from a phenotypic and genotypic point of view, that is suggestive of no human domestication or crossbreeding with domestic breed. Due to its ancient origin and genetic isolation, an active regional plan for the conservation of this breed would be desirable, focused on maintenance of resident genotypes and genetic resources. Collection and management of DNA, sperm, embryos, with the involvement of research centers and Universities, could be a valid enhancing strategy

Use of saline contrast ultrasonography in the diagnosis of complete jugular vein occlusion in a horse

Background: Thrombophlebitis and thrombosis are the most common causes of jugular vein occlusion in horses. Medical and surgical treatments aim to recanalize the occluded vessel and reduce proximal venous congestion and edema. Case Description: The present report describes a clinical case of equine jugular vein thrombosis with complete vein occlusion diagnosed by saline contrast ultrasonography and confirmed by contrast venography. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the saline contrast ultrasonography test can be easily performed and objectively interpreted using standard ultrasound equipment, it is not expensive, and it does not require x-ray exposure. The Saline contrast ultrasonography test is a valid tool to assess vessel patency and presence of collateral circulation in jugular vein thrombosis. The test could therefore be used to monitor the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of therapy against jugular vein thrombosis in horses

End-tidal concentrations of SEVO and CO₂ and physiological variables recorded during MAC determinations.

<p>End-tidal concentrations of SEVO and CO₂ and physiological variables recorded during MAC determinations.</p

First and second determinations of MAC_SEVO, MAC_SN, MAC_SNA, MAC_SA, and MAC_SEVO in the form of pooled data.

<p>First and second determinations of MAC_SEVO, MAC_SN, MAC_SNA, MAC_SA, and MAC_SEVO in the form of pooled data.</p

Experimental use of labial mucosa free graft urinary conduit in the Mitrofanoff principle

Purpose. One method of treating urinary incontinence is to create a catheterizable and continent vesicostomy by the Mitrofanoff principle, based on the use of a conduit, which in the original method is the appendix. The authors present an experimental technique in which a continent vesicostomy is created by the Mitrofanoff principle, using a conduit made of a labial mucosa free graft. Methods. Six 30-day-old pigs underwent surgery to create a continent vesicostomy by the Mitrofanoff principle. A tube, made of labial mucosa free graft from the lower lip, was used. The labial mucosal conduit was anastomosed to the bladder mucosa. The tunnel was then prepared, part of which passed through the fibers of the right rectus muscle. The conduit was taken through the tunnel and anastomosed to the skin in the right iliac fossa. Results. Fifty days after the operation, the vesicostomy was continent, pervious, and easily catheterizable in 5 animals. In the sixth pig, the cystostomic tube did not graft successfully because it was infected. Conclusions. A number of investigators have extrapolated Mitrofanoff method using the ileum, the ureter, or others. The use of a tube made by labial mucosa free graft is an easily performed technique, and as with the Mitrofanoff method, continence and easy catheterization are successfully achieved

The Effect of platelet rich plasma combined with microfractures on the treatment of chondral defects: an experimental study in a sheep model

Objective To evaluate the effect of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) combined with microfractures on the treatment of chondral defects. The hypothesis of the study was that PRP can enhance cartilage repair after microfractures. Methods A chronic full-thickness chondral lesion of the medial femoral condyle was performed in 15 sheep. Animals were divided into three groups, according to treatment: group 1: microfractures; group 2: microfractures + PRP and fibrin glue gel; group 3: microfractures + liquid-PRP injection. Animals were sacrificed at 6 months after treatment. Macroscopic appearance was evaluated according to International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score; cartilage stiffness was analyzed with an electromechanical indenter (Artscan 200); histological appearance was scored according to a modified O’Driscoll score. Comparison between groups for each outcome was performed with Kruskal–Wallis test, and Tukey’s test for pairwise comparisons. Results Macroscopic ICRS score of group 2 was significantly better than those of the other groups, and score of group 1 was significantly lower than those of the other groups. Scores of group 1 and 3 were significantly lower than that of normal cartilage. Mean cartilage stiffness of groups 1 and 3 was significantly lower than that of normal cartilage. Histological total scores of group 2 and 3 were significantly better than that of group 1. Conclusions PRP showed a positive effect on cartilage repair and restoration after microfractures. The procedure was more effective when PRP was used as a gel in comparison with liquid intra-articular injection. Histological analysis revealed that none of experimental treatments produced hyaline cartilage