9,441 research outputs found
A pedagogical introduction to the replica method for fragile glasses
In this note I present a simplified version of the recent computation (Mezard
and Parisi 1998, 1999) of the properties of glasses in the low temperature
phase in the framework of the replica theory, using an extension of the tools
used in liquid theory. I will only consider here the case of the internal
energy at T=0, which can be studied in a simple way without introducing
replicas.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure Talk given at Andalo, March 1999; minor errors have
been correcte
Accurate estimate of the relic density and the kinetic decoupling in non-thermal dark matter models
Non-thermal dark matter generation is an appealing alternative to the
standard paradigm of thermal WIMP dark matter. We reconsider non-thermal
production mechanisms in a systematic way, and develop a numerical code for
accurate computations of the dark matter relic density. We discuss in
particular scenarios with long-lived massive states decaying into dark matter
particles, appearing naturally in several beyond the standard model theories,
such as supergravity and superstring frameworks. Since non-thermal production
favors dark matter candidates with large pair annihilation rates, we analyze
the possible connection with the anomalies detected in the lepton cosmic-ray
flux by Pamela and Fermi. Concentrating on supersymmetric models, we consider
the effect of these non-standard cosmologies in selecting a preferred mass
scale for the lightest supersymmetric particle as dark matter candidate, and
the consequent impact on the interpretation of new physics discovered or
excluded at the LHC. Finally, we examine a rather predictive model, the
G2-MSSM, investigating some of the standard assumptions usually implemented in
the solution of the Boltzmann equation for the dark matter component, including
coannihilations. We question the hypothesis that kinetic equilibrium holds
along the whole phase of dark matter generation, and the validity of the
factorization usually implemented to rewrite the system of coupled Boltzmann
equation for each coannihilating species as a single equation for the sum of
all the number densities. As a byproduct we develop here a formalism to compute
the kinetic decoupling temperature in case of coannihilating particles, which
can be applied also to other particle physics frameworks, and also to standard
thermal relics within a standard cosmology
Optimal Dynamic Procurement Policies for a Storable Commodity with L\'evy Prices and Convex Holding Costs
In this paper we study a continuous time stochastic inventory model for a
commodity traded in the spot market and whose supply purchase is affected by
price and demand uncertainty. A firm aims at meeting a random demand of the
commodity at a random time by maximizing total expected profits. We model the
firm's optimal procurement problem as a singular stochastic control problem in
which controls are nondecreasing processes and represent the cumulative
investment made by the firm in the spot market (a so-called stochastic
"monotone follower problem"). We assume a general exponential L\'evy process
for the commodity's spot price, rather than the commonly used geometric
Brownian motion, and general convex holding costs.
We obtain necessary and sufficient first order conditions for optimality and
we provide the optimal procurement policy in terms of a "base inventory"
process; that is, a minimal time-dependent desirable inventory level that the
firm's manager must reach at any time. In particular, in the case of linear
holding costs and exponentially distributed demand, we are also able to obtain
the explicit analytic form of the optimal policy and a probabilistic
representation of the optimal revenue. The paper is completed by some computer
drawings of the optimal inventory when spot prices are given by a geometric
Brownian motion and by an exponential jump-diffusion process. In the first case
we also make a numerical comparison between the value function and the revenue
associated to the classical static "newsvendor" strategy.Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures; improved presentation, added new results and
section
Generalized Kuhn-Tucker Conditions for N-Firm Stochastic Irreversible Investment under Limited Resources
In this paper we study a continuous time, optimal stochastic investment
problem under limited resources in a market with N firms. The investment
processes are subject to a time-dependent stochastic constraint. Rather than
using a dynamic programming approach, we exploit the concavity of the profit
functional to derive some necessary and sufficient first order conditions for
the corresponding Social Planner optimal policy. Our conditions are a
stochastic infinite-dimensional generalization of the Kuhn-Tucker Theorem. The
Lagrange multiplier takes the form of a nonnegative optional random measure on
[0,T] which is flat off the set of times for which the constraint is binding,
i.e. when all the fuel is spent. As a subproduct we obtain an enlightening
interpretation of the first order conditions for a single firm in Bank (2005).
In the infinite-horizon case, with operating profit functions of Cobb-Douglas
type, our method allows the explicit calculation of the optimal policy in terms
of the `base capacity' process, i.e. the unique solution of the Bank and El
Karoui representation problem (2004).Comment: 25 page
Elimination of Spurious Ambiguity in Transition-Based Dependency Parsing
We present a novel technique to remove spurious ambiguity from transition
systems for dependency parsing. Our technique chooses a canonical sequence of
transition operations (computation) for a given dependency tree. Our technique
can be applied to a large class of bottom-up transition systems, including for
instance Nivre (2004) and Attardi (2006)
Visual SLAM for flying vehicles
The ability to learn a map of the environment is important for numerous types of robotic vehicles. In this paper, we address the problem of learning a visual map of the ground using flying vehicles. We assume that the vehicles are equipped with one or two low-cost downlooking cameras in combination with an attitude sensor. Our approach is able to construct a visual map that can later on be used for navigation. Key advantages of our approach are that it is comparably easy to implement, can robustly deal with noisy camera images, and can operate either with a monocular camera or a stereo camera system. Our technique uses visual features and estimates the correspondences between features using a variant of the progressive sample consensus (PROSAC) algorithm. This allows our approach to extract spatial constraints between camera poses that can then be used to address the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem by applying graph methods. Furthermore, we address the problem of efficiently identifying loop closures. We performed several experiments with flying vehicles that demonstrate that our method is able to construct maps of large outdoor and indoor environments. © 2008 IEEE
Masonry cross vaults: an overview of the historical developments
The cross vault represents one of the most diffused and fascinating structural typologies of the European architectural heritage. Its history began almost two thousand years ago and reached a widespread use during the Middle Ages with the outstanding gothic cathedrals. Without any proper scientific support but only using trial-and-error methods, considering each building as a scaled specimen of a new one to be built, the ancient workmanship achieved a proper competence represented by the so-called rules of thumb. However, despite this long-lasting history, it is only from the eighteenth centuries that scholars have tried to tackle the problem of analytically describing its structural behaviour. In this regard, the first part of the present study is devoted to the evolution of cross vaults from the geometrical and constructive standpoint, whereas the second one describes the historical advancements of its structural behaviour, until the development of modern limit analysis
Optimization of force-limiting seismic devices connecting structural subsystems
This paper is focused on the optimum design of an original force-limiting floor anchorage system for the seismic protection of reinforced concrete (RC) dual wall-frame buildings. This protection strategy is based on the interposition of elasto-plastic links between two structural subsystems, namely the lateral force resisting system (LFRS) and the gravity load resisting system (GLRS). The most efficient configuration accounting for the optimal position and mechanical characteristics of the nonlinear devices is obtained numerically by means of a modified constrained differential evolution algorithm. A 12-storey prototype RC dual wall-frame building is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the seismic protection strategy
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