Climaterium, food intake and medicines

Background: Polytherapy treatment is a common practice observed among menopausal patients. This study aimed to quantify food intake and medications in climacteric patients living in community. Methods: Eligible patients from Climacteric Outpatient Clinic (HCFMRP/USP) were recruited. The collected data were: food intake records, age, body weight, height, levels of physical activity and medications in use. Results: Eighty women were studied. Their age was 548 years and body mass index 307kg/m2. They had inadequate dietary Fe, K, Mg, Ca, thiamin, pyridoxine, vitamin E, folate and fiber consumption; 62% used 3 or more medications/day among hypotensive, micronutrients and anti-depressants. Conclusion: Climacteric women need special attention regarding nutrient intake and medication prescription

Efecto de la suplementación de creatina sobre marcadores de daño muscular y desempeño físico en atletas de voleibo

Given creatine supplementation may attenuate exer-cise-induced damage and directly influence the ATP-CP system, the purpose of the study is to assess the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on muscle damage markers; creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogena-se (LDH), late-onset muscle pain (DOMS) and physical performance in volleyball athletes. A controlled study with a double blind model was performed. Fourteen participants supplemented (0.3 g / kg) of creatine or placebo during (loading phase) and (0.1 g / kg) during (maintenance phase). Significant differences were ob-served in total plasma creatine concentration (p <0.05), body weight (p = 0.047) and lower pain perception (p = 0.020), 24 hours (p = 0.001), 48 hours (p <0.001) and 72 hours (p = 0.011) in the creatine group. The evaluation of subjective perception of pain verified a significant difference in the creatine group (p <0.05). It was con-cluded that creatine supplementation, associated with carbohydrate consumption, attenuated the perception of pain in volleyball players after the muscle damage protocol.Dado que la suplementación con creatina puede atenuar el daño inducido por el ejercicio e influir directamente en el sistema ATP-CP, el propósito del estudio es evaluar los efectos de la suplementación con creatina (Cr) sobre los marcadores de daño muscular como; creatina quinasa (CK) y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH), dolor muscular de aparición tardía (DOMS) y rendimiento físico en atletas de voleibol. Se realizó un estudio controlado con modelo doble ciego. Catorce participantes suplementaron (0.3 g / kg) de creatina o placebo durante (fase de carga) y (0.1 g / kg) durante (fase de mantenimiento). Diferencias significativas fueron observadas en la concentración plasmática total de creatina (p <0.05), peso corporal (p = 0.047) y menor percepción del dolor (p = 0.020), 24 horas (p = 0.001), 48 horas (p <0.001 ) y 72 horas (p = 0.011) en el grupo creatina. La evaluación de la percepción subjetiva del dolor verificó diferencia significativa en el grupo creatina (p <0.05). Se concluyó que la suplementación de creatina, asociada al consumo de carbohidratos atenuó la percepción de dolor en los jugadores de voleibol después del protocolo de daño muscular.Actividad Física y Deport

Efeitos da suplementação de taurina ou flavonóides de cacau associado à achocolatado sobre a composição corporal, metabolismo de carboidratos e proteinas, desempenho fisico, dano muscular e estresse oxidativo em atletas

BACKGROUND: Taurine is a nitrogenous compound, which has several beneficial physiological effects like antioxidant action, and could increase muscle force contraction and insulin sensibility. Triathlon is a sport of medium to high intensity, that can increase oxygen consumption rate during intense exercise and consequently raise free radicals production and oxidative stress, which may compromise an athlete's performance. Due to the weekly intense training, triathletes need nutritional care ranging from calories and nutrients adequacy to the use of specific nutrients that can help to maintain health. Thus, it is believed that the use of taurine associated with chocolate milk after exercise can promote general metabolic insulin action in order to favor carbohydrates metabolism regulation, assist muscle recovery, improve glycogenesis, prevent oxidative damage and thus promote triathletes performance and muscle mass gain. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of taurine and chocolate milk supplementation in body composition, athletic performance, protein metabolism and oxidative stress in triathletes. METHODS: A double-blind, crossover, 2-week washout study was conducted with 10 male triathletes, aged 25 to 35 years, which capsules containing three grams of taurine or placebo and 400 ml of chocolate milk ready to drink was offered during eight weeks. In order to assess the effects of supplementation urinary nitrogen, creatinine and urea, and plasmatic glucose, insuline and oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH and vitamin E) were quantified. Body composition was measured by the method of deuterium labeled water. The evaluations occurred in four stages: 1o - before starting the training season; 2o - after 8 weeks of training; 3o- before starting the second training season and 4o- after 8 weeks of training and supplementation completion. Data were organized according to the study ...INTRODUÇÃO: A taurina é um composto nitrogenado que apresenta diversos efeitos fisiológicos benéficos podendo-se destacar ação antioxidante, aumento da força de contração muscular e da sensibilidade à insulina. A prática de triatlo, esporte de intensidade média a alta, provoca a elevação da taxa de consumo de oxigênio durante o exercício intenso e o consequentemente aumento da produção de radicais livres e o estresse oxidativo, podendo comprometer o desempenho do atleta. Devido à necessidade de treinamento semanal intenso, os triatletas necessitam de cuidados nutricionais que vão desde a adequação de calorias e macronutrientes até a utilização de nutrientes específicos que possam auxiliar para manutenção da saúde. Assim, acredita-se que a utilização de taurina associada ao achocolatado no pós-exercício, possa favorecer a ação metabólica geral da insulina de modo à regular o metabolismo dos carboidratos, auxiliar na recuperação muscular, na glicogênese e prevenir danos oxidativos decorrentes da atividade física intensa, e desta forma favorecer o desempenho atlético e o ganho de massa muscular de triatletas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de taurina e leite com achocolatado sobre a composição corporal, desempenho atlético, metabolismo proteico e estresse oxidativo em triatletas de elite. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo duplo-cego, crossover, com wash out de 2 semanas, com 10 triatletas, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 25 a 35 anos, no qual foi oferecido três gramas de taurina ou placebo, e 400 ml de achocolatado pronto para beber durante o período de 8 semanas. Foi realizada coleta de amostras de sangue para a quantificação de insulina, glicose e de marcadores de estresse oxidativo (MDA, GSH e vitamina E) plasmáticos. Foi realizada a coleta de urina de 24 horas a fim de avaliar os efeitos da...Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Avaliação dos efeitos metabólicos da ingestão de quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa) em um grupo de mulheres pós-menopausa - estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo cego

Mulheres pós-menopausadas estão mais susceptíveis a problemas de saúde relacionados hipoestrogenismo, o que favorece ao processo de estresse oxidativo, inflamatório e ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas. Visto que a inclusão de cereais integrais na alimentação veicula componentes bioativos de efeito antioxidante e hipolipemiante, como as lignanas, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos hipolipemiantes, inflamatórios e antioxidantes de lignanas provenientes da ingestão de quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) em um grupo de mulheres pós-menopausadas. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo cego e controlado por placebo, no qual participaram 35 mulheres que foram submetidas ao consumo diário de 25 gramas de quinoa em flocos ou placebo, no período de 4 semanas consecutivas. No início e ao final do tratamento, após as quatro semanas, foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas: peso corporal, estatura e circunferência da cintura; e coleta de sangue para a quantificação de glicose, colesterol total, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglicerídeos, marcadores de estresse (GSH e TBARS), Vitamina E, marcadores inflamatórios (IL-6 e TNF-α) e enterolignanas (END e ENL); e urina de 24 horas para quantificação de enterolignanas. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados em dois diferentes estudos os quais foram escritos na forma de artigo científico, sendo que o primeiro artigo abordou o efeito do consumo de quinoa sobre as concentrações de glicose, colesterol total e frações e de marcadores de estresse oxidativo, e o segundo artigo abordou o efeito das enterolignas sobre os marcadores inflamatórios em um grupo de mulheres pós-menopausadas. Ao comparar as dosagens no início e ao final do experimento, o presente estudo mostrou um possível efeito benéfico proveniente da ingestão do cereal quinoa, pois foram constatadas reduções significativas nas concentrações...Postmenopausal women are more susceptible to health problems related to declining estrogen concentrations, which favor the oxidative stress and inflammatory process and the development of chronic diseases. Since daily consumption of grains involves bioactive components with an antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects, like lignans, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of quinoa consumption on the concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol and fractions, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in a group of postmenopausal women. A prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study has been conducted on 35 women who had to consume 25 grams/day of quinoa flakes or placebo, over a period of 4 consecutive weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the intervention, after four weeks, anthropometric assessment was performed by body weight, height and abdominal circumference; and blood was collected for the determination of glucose, total cholesterol and fractions, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, vitamin E and enterolignans, and 24-h urine was obtained for the determination of enterolignans. The results were analyzed in two different studies which were written in the form of a scientific paper, the first one emphasizes the effect of quinoa intake on consumption on the concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol and fractions, oxidative stress markers and in the second paper investigated the effect of enterolignans on inflammatory markers in a group of postmenopausal women. Comparing the beginning and the end of the intervention, the present study showed a possible beneficial effect by quinoa intake, because significant reductions were observed in serum triglycerides, TBARS and vitamin E concentrations, and an increase in enterolignan urinary excretion in the groups that consumed quinoa and placebo. A significant reduction of total cholesterol... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Targeting White Adipose Tissue with Exercise or Bariatric Surgery as Therapeutic Strategies in Obesity

Adipose tissue is critical to whole-body energy metabolism and has become recognized as a bona fide endocrine organ rather than an inert lipid reservoir. As such, adipose tissue is dynamic in its ability to secrete cytokines, free fatty acids, lipokines, hormones and other factors in response to changes in environmental stimuli such as feeding, fasting and exercise. While excess adipose tissue, as in the case of obesity, is associated with metabolic complications, mass itself is not the only culprit in obesity-driven metabolic abnormalities, highlighting the importance of healthy and metabolically adaptable adipose tissue. In this review, we discuss the fundamental cellular processes of adipose tissue that become perturbed in obesity and the impact of exercise on these processes. While both endurance and resistance exercise can promote positive physiological adaptations in adipose tissue, endurance exercise has a more documented role in remodeling adipocytes, increasing adipokine secretion and fatty acid mobilization and oxidation during post-exercise compared with resistance exercise. Exercise is considered a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity to optimize body composition, in particular as an adjuvant therapy to bariatric surgery; however, there is a gap in knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of these exercise-induced adaptations, which could provide more insight and opportunity for precision-based treatment strategies

Cocoa flavanol effects on markers of oxidative stress and recovery after muscle damage protocol in elite rugby players

Objectives Strenuous exercise can impair athletic performance due to muscular inflammation and oxidative stress. Antioxidants such as cocoa flavanols have been used as a supplement to prevent oxidative stress; however, the benefits of dietary antioxidants for athletic performance after muscle soreness (MS) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cocoa flavanols after a MS inducing protocol. Methods In a randomized, double-blinded design, 13 male collegiate rugby players consumed either chocolate milk (CHOC) or chocolate milk with additional cocoa flavanols (CocoaCHOC) during a 7-d loading phase. MS was induced by a drop jump protocol on day 5 of the intervention. Athlete performance was assessed with vertical-jump and yo-yo tests and subjective measures of soreness 5 d before and 2 d post-MS protocol. Urinary markers of oxidative stress (isoprostanes) were assessed before and 48 h post-MS. Results No changes were observed between the groups over time for isometric torque (P = .63), vertical jump performance (P = .39), and yo-yo testing (P = .57) between the trials. No interaction was found in isoprostanes levels between the trials (CocoaCHOC baseline: 88 ± 0.38 pg/mL and 48 h post-MS: 81 ± 0.53 pg/mL; P = .82; and CHOC baseline: 98 ± 0.96 pg/mL and 48 h post-MS: 96 ± 0.38 pg/mL; P = .59). No main effect (treatment × time; P = .58) was observed for isoprostanes. Although not significant, the CocoaCHOC group ran 97 meters further than the CHOC group in the yo-yo test. Conclusions Cocoa flavanols added to a post-exercise recovery beverage for 7 d has no oxidative stress or athletic performance benefits

Evidence of zinc deficiency in competitive swimmers

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional zinc (Zn) status of elite swimmers during different training periods. Methods: A longitudinal paired study was performed at the University of Sao Paulo in eight male swimmers 18 to 25 y old who had been swimming competitively at the state and national levels for at least 5 y. The swimmers were evaluated over a total period of 14 wk: before the basic and specific preparatory period (BSPP-baseline), at the end of the basic and specific preparatory period (post-BSPP), and at the end of the polishing period (PP). Levels of Zn were determined in the plasma, erythrocyte, urine, and saliva by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Anthropometric measurements and a 3-d food record were also evaluated. Results: The median plasma Zn concentration was below the reference value in all training periods (BSPP-baseline 59 mu g/dL, post-BSPP 55.9 mu g/dL, after PP 58.8 mu g/dL, P &gt; 0.05), as were threshold values for erythrocytes (BSPP-baseline 36.5 mu g of Zn/g of hemoglobin, post-BSPP 42 mu g of Zn/g of hemoglobin, after PP 40.7 mu g of Zn/g of hemoglobin, P &gt; 0.05), urinary Zn (BSPP-baseline 280 mu g/24 h, post-BSPP 337 mu g/24 h, after PP 284 mu g/24 h, P &gt; 0.05), and salivary Zn (BSPP-baseline 66.1 mu g/L, post-BSPP 54.1 mu g/L, after PP 79.7 mu g/L, &gt; 0.05). Salivary Zn did not correlate with plasma and erythrocyte Zn levels. Conclusion: The results suggest that the elite swimmers studied presented a possible Zn deficiency and that salivary Zn was not adequate to evaluate the Zn nutritional status. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Effect of creatine supplementation on muscle damage markers and physical performance in volleyball athletes

Given that creatine supplementation may attenuate exercise-induced damage and directly influence the ATP-CP system, predominant in volleyball, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on muscle damage markers; creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and physical performance in volleyball athletes.Fourteen volleyball players (under- 20 y) were divided into 2 groups: Creatine supplemented and Placebo. Double-blind controlled supplementation was performed using (0.3 g/kg) creatine or placebo for 7 days (loading phase) and (0.1 g/kg) for the next 4 days (maintenance phase). Before and after the supplementation phases, the players underwent Physical Performance Testing and blood sample collection to evaluate CK, LDH, and plasma creatine concentration.Dado que la suplementación con creatina puede atenuar el daño inducido por el ejercicio e influir directamente en el sistema ATP-CP, predominante en el voleibol, el propósito del estudio es evaluar los efectos de la suplementación con creatina (Cr) sobre los marcadores de daño muscular como creatina quinasa (CK) y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH), dolor muscular de aparición tardía (DOMS) y rendimiento físico en atletas de voleibol. Se realizó un estudio controlado con modelo doble ciego, en el que catorce jugadores de voleibol (menores de 20 años) se dividieron en 2 grupos: creatina y placebo donde suplementaban (0.3 g/kg) de creatina o placebo durante 7 días (fase de carga) y 0.1 g/kg) durante los siguientes 4 días (fase de mantenimiento). Antes y después de cada fase de suplementación, los jugadores se sometieron a pruebas de rendimiento físico y recolección de muestras de sangre para evaluar CK, LDH y la concentración de creatina en plasma

Effects of taurine supplementation in elite swimmers performance

<div><p>Abstract AIM Taurine is considered a semi-essential amino acid characterized by having various physiological functions in the body that modulate mechanisms of action involved in the muscle contraction process, increased energy expenditure, insulin signaling pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, and scavenging free radicals. These functions are crucial for aerobic exercise performance; thus, taurine supplementation may benefit athletes’ performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation on the resting energy expenditure and physical performance of swimming athletes. METHODS In a double-blind study, 14 male swimmers were randomized into two groups: the taurine group (n = 7) and the placebo group (n = 7), which received 3 g per day of taurine or placebo in capsules during 8 weeks. Resting energy expenditure, plasma taurine, physical performance, anthropometry, dietary consumption were measured and an incremental test was performed to determine their maximal front crawl swimming performances before and after the 8-week period. RESULTS The levels of serum taurine (p < 0.0001) and lactate (p = 0.0130) showed a significant increase in the taurine group; however, the other variables were not different. No changes were observed in the resting energy expenditure, mean speed performed, and the anaerobic threshold of the swimmers post-supplementation period. CONCLUSION Supplementation of taurine increased plasma concentrations of this amino acid, but did not lead to significant changes in food intake, rest energy expenditure, and athletes’ performance. However, the supplemented group presented a higher lactate production, suggesting a possible positive effect of taurine on the anaerobic lactic metabolism.</p></div