Mindful eating y estilos de ingesta en pacientes con trastornos alimentarios.

para la aparición y el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), pero no existen datos sobre el nivel de mindful eating en esta población. El presente estudio, se ha llevado a cabo para valorar el grado de mindful eating así como también los estilos de ingesta que presenta una muestra de TCA si los comparamos con una muestra control. En este trabajo se utilizaron dos cuestionarios, para analizar los estilos de ingesta, el Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers, y Defares, 1986), y para analizar el grado de mindfuleating se empleó el Mindful Eating Questionnaire (Framson, Kristal, Schenk, Littman, Zeliad y Benitez, 2009); ambos se administraron a una muestra compuesta por 15 participantes con TCA y a un grupo control formado por 45 participantes, todos ellos de sexo femenino. Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que los participantes con TCA tienen mayor dificultad para detectar aspectos sutiles de la ingesta así como para paladear la comida, y tienen mayor respuesta emocional en el momento de la ingesta

«Mi mejor yo»: diseño de una intervención positiva aplicada en formato grupal y apoyada en las TIC

Introducción: El ejercicio «Mi mejor yo» («Best Possible Self», bPS) es una técnica de pensamiento futuro positivo, que requiere que la persona se visualice y escriba sobre un futuro en el que ha conseguido todos sus objetivos. Esta técnica ha demostrado ser eficaz en la mejora del bienestar y en potenciar emociones futuras positivas. Existen otras inter-venciones dirigidas a mejorar estas emociones específicas, como el entrenamiento en es-peranza. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir un protocolo de intervención grupal para realizar el ejercicio bPS, integrando componentes del entrenamiento en esperanza y aplicándolo a través de tecnologías positivas. También se pretende analizar el nivel de aceptación del protocolo utilizado en el taller. método: El protocolo está diseñado para ser aplicado en 4 sesiones de 2 horas. Se ha dirigido a una muestra de 6 pacientes graves que presentaban trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. El programa consta de diferentes com-ponentes y los participantes realizan el ejercicio durante 5 minutos al día. Se valora el es-tado de ánimo y las expectativas futuras antes y después de la intervención. resultados: El estudio está en progreso, por lo que todavía no disponemos de datos de eficacia. En cuanto a resultados preliminares sobre la opinión y aceptación del programa, se observan niveles de satisfacción satisfactoria. discusión: Este protocolo pretende ser una alternativa para la aplicación del ejercicio bPS dirigido a la mejora del bienestar y emociones futuras positivas. Los buenos niveles de satisfacción manifestados por los participantes sugieren un alto nivel de aceptación e interés hacia el ejercicio.Introduction: Best Possible Self (bPS) exercise is a future positive thinking technique, which consists of visualizing and writing about a future in which all goals have been reached. This technique has shown efficacy in the improvement of well-being and positive emotions related to future. There are other interventions aimed to improve these specific emo-tions, like training in hope. The goal of the present study is to describe a group intervention protocol to carry out the bPS exercise, adding components of the hope’s training and being applied through Positive Technology. Also, acceptance levels are going to be analyzed. method: The program is designed to be applied in 4 2-hour sessions, one per week. It has been aimed to a sample of 6 patients diagnosed with an eating disorder. The program consists of different components and participants carry out the exercise during 5 minutes per day. Mood and future expectations are assessed before and after the intervention. results: As the study is still in progress, data about efficacy are not yet available. Regarding preliminary results about opinion and acceptance of the program, appropriate levels of satisfaction have been obtained. discussion: This program is intended to be an alternative for the applica-tion of the bPS exercise aimed to improve well-being and positive emotions related to future. High levels of satisfaction reported by the participants suggest a high level of ac-ceptation and interest towards the exercise

Implementation of a positive psychology group program in an inpatient eating disorder service. A pilot Study

Context: Eating disorders (ED) are very difficult conditions to treat. Therefore, interventions in this field are shifting their main target towards the disorder's impact in quality of life, rather than ED symptomatology in itself. In this sense, a focus in the promotion of positive emotions and well-being is emerging in order to ameliorate the harmful effects caused by ED. However, evidence of potential benefits of this type of interventions is still scarce. Purpose: This study introduces a 4-week positive psychology group program specifically designed for ED patients' needs and to present data about feasibility and acceptability. Method: Seven female inpatients of an eating disorder service aged from 13 to 38 years old attended the group. Measures of affect and optimistic thinking were taken before the program and after each session. Results: The program was very well rated by participants, and there was no attrition. Furthermore, possible benefits were found in terms of optimistic thinking at the end of the group program, and these benefits were noticeable, but non-significant, in the case of affect. Conclusions: This study opens the door to conduct larger and controlled studies for testing interventions aimed at promoting positive emotions and well-being in ED populations. Thus, these interventions could support the efficacy of current treatments in order to improve patients' quality of life

De la experiencia personal a la docencia y de la docencia a la experiencia personal

Memoria ID11-109. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2011-2012

The importance of emotional intelligence and meaning in life in psycho-oncology

[EN] Objective: Cancer was considered the disease of the 20th century, and the management, treatment, and adaptation of patients to general wellbeing were worldwide concerns. Emotional intelligence has frequently been associated with wellbeing and considered one important factor to optimal human functioning. The purpose of the present study was to test the differences regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence, purpose in life, and satisfaction with life between cancer and healthy people. Methods: This model was tested using structural path analysis in two independent samples. First, in a general Portuguese population without chronic disease, 214 participants (nmale = 41, nfemale = 173; Mage = 53). Second, in 202 patients with cancer (nmale = 40, nfemale = 162; Mage = 58.65). A two-step methodology was used to test the research hypothesis. Results: First, a confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement model. All factors also show reliability, convergent, and discriminate validity. Second, the path coefficients for each model indicate that the proposed relationships differ significantly according to the groups. The perception capacities of emotional intelligence were more related to satisfaction with life and purpose in life in oncologic patients than in the general population without chronic disease, specifically emotional understanding and regulation. Likewise, the relationship between purpose in life and satisfaction with life in oncologic patients was significantly higher than for the general population. Conclusion: The current findings thus suggest that emotional intelligence and purpose in life are potential components to promoting satisfaction in life in healthy people and more so in oncologic patients

Implementation of a Positive Technology Application in Patients With Eating Disorders: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial

Background: Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) have been suggested to produce benefits in patients with eating disorders (ED) by improving well-being, which might act as a buffer of the harmful effects caused by the disorder. Best Possible Self (BPS) is a PPI which consists of writing and envisioning a future where everything has turned out in the best possible way. In this regard, positive technology (PT) can be of considerable benefit as it allows to implement specific PPIs that have already shown efficacy. Objective: This study tested the preliminary efficacy of the BPS exercise implemented through a PT application and carried out for 1 month, in improving positive functioning measures, compared to a control condition, in patients with ED. Follow-up effects were also explored at 1 and 3 months later. Methods: This is a pilot randomized controlled trial, with two experimental conditions. Participants were 54 outpatients, who were receiving ongoing specialized treatment in ED services. 29 participants were randomly allocated to the BPS intervention and 25 to the control exercise. The sample was composed mostly by females and the mean age was 27 years. In the intervention group, participants had to write about their BPS. In the control group participants had to write about their daily activities. The exercise was conducted through the Book of Life, which is a PT application that allows users to add multimedia materials to the written content. Measures of future expectations, affect, dispositional optimism, hope and self-efficacy were assessed at different time frames. Results: Findings showed that all participants improved over time and there were no statistically significant differences between conditions on the specific measures. These effects were not influenced by prior levels of ED severity. Within-group effect sizes indicate a greater benefit for the participants in the BPS condition, compared to the control condition, on nearly all the measures. Conclusion: Results indicated that PT produced modest improvements in patients with EDs that are receiving current treatment for ED. More empirical attention is needed to explore the potential benefits of PPIs as supporting tools in the prevention and treatment of EDs. Trial registration: clinicaltrails.gov Identifier: NCT03003910, retrospectively registered December 27, 2016

Implementation of a Positive Technology Application in Patients With Eating Disorders: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial

Background: Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) have been suggested to produce benefits in patients with eating disorders (ED) by improving well-being, which might act as a buffer of the harmful effects caused by the disorder. Best Possible Self (BPS) is a PPI which consists of writing and envisioning a future where everything has turned out in the best possible way. In this regard, positive technology (PT) can be of considerable benefit as it allows to implement specific PPIs that have already shown efficacy. Objective: This study tested the preliminary efficacy of the BPS exercise implemented through a PT application and carried out for 1 month, in improving positive functioning measures, compared to a control condition, in patients with ED. Follow-up effects were also explored at 1 and 3 months later. Methods: This is a pilot randomized controlled trial, with two experimental conditions. Participants were 54 outpatients, who were receiving ongoing specialized treatment in ED services. 29 participants were randomly allocated to the BPS intervention and 25 to the control exercise. The sample was composed mostly by females and the mean age was 27 years. In the intervention group, participants had to write about their BPS. In the control group participants had to write about their daily activities. The exercise was conducted through the Book of Life, which is a PT application that allows users to add multimedia materials to the written content. Measures of future expectations, affect, dispositional optimism, hope and self-efficacy were assessed at different time frames. Results: Findings showed that all participants improved over time and there were no statistically significant differences between conditions on the specific measures. These effects were not influenced by prior levels of ED severity. Within-group effect sizes indicate a greater benefit for the participants in the BPS condition, compared to the control condition, on nearly all the measures. Conclusion: Results indicated that PT produced modest improvements in patients with EDs that are receiving current treatment for ED. More empirical attention is needed to explore the potential benefits of PPIs as supporting tools in the prevention and treatment of EDs

Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic internet-based protocol for the treatment of emotional disorders versus treatment as usual in specialized care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background Emotional disorders (depression and anxiety disorders) are highly prevalent mental health problems. Although evidence showing the effectiveness of disorder-specific treatments exists, high comorbidity rates among emotional disorders limit the utility of these protocols. This has led some researchers to focus their interest on transdiagnostic interventions, a treatment perspective that might be more widely effective across these disorders. Also, the current way of delivering treatments makes it difficult provide assistance to all of the population in need. The use of the Internet in the delivery of evidence-based treatments may help to disseminate treatments among the population. In this study, we aim to test the effectiveness of EmotionRegulation, a new transdiagnostic Internet-based protocol for unipolar mood disorders, five anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and anxiety disorder not otherwise specified), and obsessive-compulsive disorder in comparison to treatment as usual as provided in Spanish public specialized mental health care. We will also study its potential impact on basic temperament dimensions (neuroticism/behavioral inhibition and extraversion/behavioral activation). Expectations and opinions of patients about this protocol will also be studied. Methods/Design The study is a randomized controlled trial. 200 participants recruited in specialized care will be allocated to one of two treatment conditions: a) EmotionRegulation or b) treatment as usual. Primary outcome measures will be the BAI and the BDI-II. Secondary outcomes will include a specific measure of the principal disorder, and measures of neuroticism/behavioral inhibition and extraversion/behavioral activation. Patients will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3- and 12-month follow-ups. Intention to treat and per protocol analyses will be performed. Discussion Although the effectiveness of face-to-face transdiagnostic protocols has been investigated in previous studies, the number of published transdiagnostic Internet-based programs is still quite low. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial studying the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic Internet-based treatment for several emotional disorders in public specialized care. Combining both a transdiagnostic approach with an Internet-based therapy format may help to decrease the burden of mental disorders, reducing the difficulties associated with disorder-specific treatments and facilitating access to people in need of treatment. Strengths and limitations are discussed

Comorbilidad Compleja en TCA: Un Caso de Síndrome de Marchiafava-Bignami

Póster presentado en las XI Jornadas Internacionales sobre Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA), celebradas en Valencia del 7 al 9 de noviembre de 2018La atención a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) va ligada a una supervisión de la salud física de los pacientes. La cronicidad y gravedad hacen que desarrollen comorbilidades complejas cuyo diagnóstico y abordaje pueden ser difíciles. A continuación se expone el caso clínico de una paciente con Anorexia Nerviosa (AN) crónica complicada por un diagnóstico neurológico que dificulta su tratamiento, el Síndrome de Marchiafava-Bignami (SMB). Se trata de una enfermedad neurológica muy poco frecuente cuya etiología se atribuye a estados de desnutrición y los efectos neurotóxicos del alcohol. Clínicamente puede cursar con deterioro cognitivo y demencia, espasticidad, disartria, convulsiones y síntomas de desconexión interhemisférica. El diagnóstico se establece mediante la identificación de lesiones características en RMN seriadas (especialmente localizadas en el cuerpo calloso). No existe tratamiento específico y el pronóstico es variable alternando entre la remisión completa, la cronicidad del cuadro y la muerte

La sensibilización precoz hacia la muerte en la adquisición de competencias actitudinales en estudiantes de Medicina: fase clínica

Memoria ID-0205. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017