Effect of harvest time on physicochemical quality parameters, oxidation stability, and volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in some physicochemical properties of olives (fruit weight, water content and oil content) and olive oils (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, pheophytin a, peroxide value and free acidity), and in the chemical properties (fatty acids, tocopherols, phenolics, oxidation stability and volatile profiles) of oils during ripening.Ripening indices (RI) of olive samples were 1.93 (unripe), 4.28 (ripe) and 5.89 (overripe). Most of the mentioned features changed with ripening. During ripening there was a sharp decrease in total chlorophyll, carotenoid and pheophytin a contents. An increase in oleic and linoleic acids and a decrease in palmitic acid were found in the fatty acid composition. Olive oils showed strong relations among oxidation stability, tocopherol content, total phenols content, and antiradical actvity of phenol extracts and these parameters decreased with maturation. Nevertheless, higher amounts of trans-2-hexenal were found in the oil from ripe olives than from unripe and overripe olives. On the other hand, the highest concentration of hexanal was found in the oil from overripe olives.In general, significant differences were observed in fruit weight, pigments, free acidity, fatty acid, tocopherol, and total phenolics contents, radical scavenger activity, oxidation stability, phenolic profile and volatile profile between the olive oils from the Gemlik cultivar at different stages of maturation

RBX: The new X-band SAR system from INTA

Revista oficial de la Asociación Española de Teledetección[EN] This paper describes the characteristics and the first results of the RBX system, the new airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar developed at Spanish National Institute of Aerospace Technology. The new system supports submetric resolution with interferometric and polarimetric capabilities. The system architecture has been designed taking into account an easy upgrade ability and the quality of the acquired data, including multiple internal calibration loops.[ES] Este artículo describe las características y los primeros resultados del sistema RBX, nuevo radar de apertura sintética aerotransportado que ha sido desarrollado en el Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial. El nuevo sistema soporta resoluciones submétricas con capacidades interferométricas y polarimétricas. La arquitectura del sistema se ha diseñado teniendo en cuenta la facilidad de incorporar mejoras y la calidad de los datos adquiridos, incluyendo múltiples lazos de calibración interna.Larrañaga, J. R., De Porras Bernácer, R., Del Castillo, J., Gimeno, N., Aguilar, P., Baquero, A. M., . . . Sánchez, S. (2014). RBX: The new X-band SAR system from INTA. [RBX: El nuevo radar SAR en banda X del INTA] Revista De Teledeteccion, (41), 89-96. doi:10.4995/raet.2014.2285SWORD899641G. Bonin, P. Dreuillet. 2008. The new ONERA airborne SAR system SETHI. EUSAR, Dresden, Germany.Rodriguez, M. G. (2008). Design of a Coherent Generation and Acquisition System at 1,2GHz. 2008 4th Southern Conference on Programmable Logic. doi:10.1109/spl.2008.4547745Gonzalez Bonilla, M. J., Gomez Miguel, B., Cuerda Muñoz, J. M., Larrañaga Sudupe, J. R., Garcia Rodriguez, M., 2009. INTASAR program. Proceedings IGARSSHORN, RALF; NOTTENSTEINER, ANTON; SCHEIBER, ROLF. 2008. F-SAR – DLR's advanced airborne SAR system onboard DO228. Proceedings EUSARMoreira, A., & Yonghong Huang. (1994). Airborne SAR processing of highly squinted data using a chirp scaling approach with integrated motion compensation. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 32(5), 1029-1040. doi:10.1109/36.31289

The fate of carbon in a mature forest under carbon dioxide enrichment

Atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment (eCO2) can enhance plant carbon uptake and growth1 5, thereby providing an important negative feedback to climate change by slowing the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration6. Although evidence gathered from young aggrading forests has generally indicated a strong CO2 fertilization effect on biomass growth3 5, it is unclear whether mature forests respond to eCO2 in a similar way. In mature trees and forest stands7 10, photosynthetic uptake has been found to increase under eCO2 without any apparent accompanying growth response, leaving the fate of additional carbon fixed under eCO2 unclear4,5,7 11. Here using data from the first ecosystem-scale Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a mature forest, we constructed a comprehensive ecosystem carbon budget to track the fate of carbon as the forest responded to four years of eCO2 exposure. We show that, although the eCO2 treatment of +150 parts per million (+38 per cent) above ambient levels induced a 12 per cent (+247 grams of carbon per square metre per year) increase in carbon uptake through gross primary production, this additional carbon uptake did not lead to increased carbon sequestration at the ecosystem level. Instead, the majority of the extra carbon was emitted back into the atmosphere via several respiratory fluxes, with increased soil respiration alone accounting for half of the total uptake surplus. Our results call into question the predominant thinking that the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks will be generally enhanced under eCO2, and challenge the efficacy of climate mitigation strategies that rely on ubiquitous CO2 fertilization as a driver of increased carbon sinks in global forests. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

El regadío del Ebro en Aragón: clasificación, contaminación y gobernanza

Grupo operativo Partenariado del Agua del Ebro-Aragó

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research