The Effects of a 12-Week Resistance Training Program on Arterial Stiffness in Females: A Pilot Study

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Minimum Time Effect of Fish Oil on Arterial Stiffness - A Pilot Study

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The Effects of Acute Creatine Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness

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Impact of pre-existing dengue immunity on human antibody and memory B cell responses to Zika

Little is known about enduring memory B cell (MBC) responses to Zika virus (ZIKV) and their relationship with circulating antibodies. Here we comprehensively assess MBC frequency and specificity alongside serum binding and neutralizing antibody responses to ZIKV ~2 weeks and ~8 months postinfection in 31 pediatric subjects with 0, 1 or >1 prior infections with the related dengue virus (DENV). ZIKV infection elicits a robust type-specific MBC response, and the majority of late convalescent anti-ZIKV serum neutralizing activity is attributable to ZIKV-specific antibodies. The number of prior DENV infections does not influence type-specific or cross-reactive MBC responses, although ZIKV has the highest cross-reactivity with DENV3. DENV cross-reactive MBCs expanded by ZIKV infection decline in number and proportion by late convalescence. Finally, ZIKV induces greater cross-reactivity in the MBC pool than in serum antibodies. Our data suggest immunity to DENV only modestly shapes breadth and magnitude of enduring ZIKV antibody responses

Tegumentary leishmaniasis and coinfections other than HIV

<div><p>Background</p><p>Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a disease of skin and/or mucosal tissues caused by <i>Leishmania</i> parasites. TL patients may concurrently carry other pathogens, which may influence the clinical outcome of TL.</p><p>Methodology and principal findings</p><p>This review focuses on the frequency of TL coinfections in human populations, interactions between <i>Leishmania</i> and other pathogens in animal models and human subjects, and implications of TL coinfections for clinical practice. For the purpose of this review, TL is defined as all forms of cutaneous (localised, disseminated, or diffuse) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, superinfection with skin bacteria, and skin manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis are not included. We searched MEDLINE and other databases and included 73 records: 21 experimental studies in animals and 52 studies about human subjects (mainly cross-sectional and case studies). Several reports describe the frequency of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> coinfection in TL patients in Argentina (about 41%) and the frequency of helminthiasis in TL patients in Brazil (15% to 88%). Different hypotheses have been explored about mechanisms of interaction between different microorganisms, but no clear answers emerge. Such interactions may involve innate immunity coupled with regulatory networks that affect quality and quantity of acquired immune responses. Diagnostic problems may occur when concurrent infections cause similar lesions (e.g., TL and leprosy), when different pathogens are present in the same lesions (e.g., <i>Leishmania</i> and <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>), or when similarities between phylogenetically close pathogens affect accuracy of diagnostic tests (e.g., serology for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease). Some coinfections (e.g., helminthiasis) appear to reduce the effectiveness of antileishmanial treatment, and drug combinations may cause cumulative adverse effects.</p><p>Conclusions and significance</p><p>In patients with TL, coinfection is frequent, it can lead to diagnostic errors and delays, and it can influence the effectiveness and safety of treatment. More research is needed to unravel how coinfections interfere with the pathogenesis of TL.</p></div

Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Oxygen Saturation

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The Effects of a Resistance Training Program on Arterial Stiffness in Young, Healthy Females

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A pós-modernização da cultura: património e museus na contemporaneidade

Este artigo pretende analisar o crescimento e a diversificação de museus e sítios patrimoniais na contemporaneidade, procurando problematizar este fenómeno no âmbito das condições que caracterizam a pós-modernidade e que incluem uma multiplicidade de aspectos, como sejam, os processos de globalização, os localismos, a nostalgia pelo passado, a problemática da representação cultural no quadro das críticas ao realismo e a uma epistemologia positivista, bem como a mercantilização da cultura e a ênfase crescente na questão dos públicos e nos processos de interpretação e comunicação que se desenrolam nestes cenários culturais.<br>This paper intends to analyse the growth and diversification of museums and heritage sites in the contemporary world, seeking to investigate this subject in the vast context of post-modernity, addressing several dimensions such as globalization, localisms, nostalgia for the past, cultural representation and the critics of realism and positivist epistemology. It will also revolve around the comodification of culture, the increasing emphasis on audiences, as well as the processes of interpretation and communication that take place at this cultural cenarios