Influence of Rule Manipulation on Technical–Tactical Actions in Young Basketball Players: A Scoping Review

The purpose of this scoping review was to analyse the effect of rules modification on technical and tactical action in young basketball. The publications search period ranged from January 2007 to December 2021. The search covered the following electronic databases: SCOPUS, SportDiscus, and the Web of Science core collection. Following this search process, 18 articles were included in the review. The following variables were analysed: characteristics of the sample, the constraints manipulated, the duration of the intervention, and the effect on technical–tactical actions. The studies reviewed modified the following constraints: (a) number of players (66.7%), (b) court dimensions (27.8%), (c) ball/player interactions (11.1%), and (d) ball/player interactions, basket height, game time and number of baskets (5.6%, respectively). The findings show that rule manipulation can increase players’ participation and promote the variability of players’ actions. The current evidence about rule modification in youth basketball presents areas in which more studies are needed to have a complete perspective of their impact in practice and competition through the different stages of players’ development. Taking into account individual needs and developmental stages, further studies should consider different age groups (e.g., from U-10 to zU-14) and female players. Expanding scientific knowledge in this area would help coaches make short- and long-term plans in accordance with players’ developmental stages.This work was supported by Basket 2.0 project granted by Fundación Séneca—Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnologia de la Región de Murcia

Number needed to freeze: cumulative live birth rate after fertility preservation in women with endometriosis

Research question: How does the number of oocytes used affect the cumulative live birth rate in endometriosis patients who had their oocytes vitrified for fertility preservation (FP)? Design: Retrospective observational study including data from 485 women with endometriosis who underwent FP from January 2007 to July 2018. Survival curves and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to analyse the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) according to the number of vitrified oocytes used. Data were stratified according to age, stage of the disease and ovarian surgery prior to FP (operated vs. non-operated). Endometriosis curves were compared to plots developed using elective fertility preservation (EFP) patients as control group. Log-rank, Breslow and Tarone-Ware tests were used to compare the survival curves. Results: The CLBR increased as the number of oocytes used per patient rose, reaching 89.5% (95% CI=80.0-99.1) using 22 oocytes. Higher outcomes were observed in young women (≤35 y. vs. >35 y). In the younger group, the CLBR was 95.4% (95% CI=87.2-103.6) using ~20 oocytes vs. 79.6% (95% CI=58.1-101.1) in older women (P<0.05). No statistical differences were observed in overall calculations and according to age when the CLBR was compared between operated and non-operated women (NS). Comparable outcomes were also observed in stages I-II vs. III-IV (NS). The mean age was higher in EFP patients (37.2 ± 4.9 vs. 35.7 ± 3.7; P<0.05). The outcome was better in the endometriosis group as compared to EFP (P<0.05): a CLBR of 89.5% (80.0-99.1) vs. 59.9% (51.4-68.6) when 22 oocytes were used (P<0.05). However, the difference was milder when fewer oocytes were used in both groups. When comparisons were made between age-matching groups, no statistical differences were observed (NS). Conclusion: The probability of live birth increases as the number of oocytes used rises in patients with endometriosis, but better outcomes were observed among young women. Neither the stage of the disease nor prior surgical excision of ovarian endometrioma were related to success. No statistical differences in age matching groups were observed when comparing to EFP patients. The information provided herein may be of interest to both patients and treating physicians for counselling purposes

Análisis del golpeo de fondo en jóvenes jugadores de tenis en una competición modificada mediante sensores inteligentes

Use of smart devices to show the effect of modification rules and sports equipment on technical-tactical behavior in training stages, opens a new field of study to improve the teaching-learning processes. The objective of the study is to use the smart sensor “Zepp Tennis 2.2.1”, to know the impact of a modified competition (net height = 0.80m and field dimensions = 18.00x8.23m) in under-10 tennis players, according to the comprehensive approach criteria of optimization. The hits (n =7758) during 40 matches played by 20 players (average age = 9.46 ± 0.66 years) were the unit analysis. The study variables were as follows; a) number of strokes, b) percentage of hits impact in sweet spot racket; c) ball speed; and d) ball spin. The results show as follow: a) an increase in the use of flat strokes over topspin and slice; and b) scarce flat and slice play of the flat backhand appearance, nevertheless they show better values of linear and rotational speed than forehands. Decrease net height and court dimensions promote offensive behaviors in young tennis players. This offensive behavior coincides with the recommendations that encourage comprehensive approach to develop an optimal teaching-learning process.&nbsp;La utilización de dispositivos inteligentes para observar el efecto de la modificación de reglas y equipamientos deportivos sobre las conducta técnico-táctica en etapas de formación, abre un nuevo campo de estudio en la mejora de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo de estudio es utilizar el sensor inteligente “Zepp Tennis 2.2.1”, para conocer el impacto de una competición modificada (altura de la red= 0,80m y dimensiones del campo= 18,00x8,23m) en jugadores de tenis sub-10, atendiendo a los criterios de optimización de las enseñanzas comprensivas. La unidad de análisis fueron los golpeos ejecutados (n=7758) en 40 partidos por 20 jugadores (edad media= 9.46±0.66 años). Las variables de estudio son: a) número de golpeos; b) porcentaje de golpes que impactan en el punto dulce de la raqueta; c) velocidad de bola; y d) revoluciones por minuto de la pelota. Los resultados más destacables son: a) un aumento del uso de golpeos planos sobre los de efecto liftado y cortado; y b) escasa aparición en juego del revés plano y cortado, aunque muestren mejores valores de velocidad lineal y rotacional que los golpeos de derecha. La reducción de la altura de la red y las dimensiones del campo inducen a los jóvenes jugadores a una conducta ofensiva de juego. Este comportamiento ofensivo, coincide con las recomendaciones que promueven las enseñanzas comprensivas sobre un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje óptimo.&nbsp

The influence of oxygen concentration during embryo culture on obstetric and neonatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A secondary analysis of a previous randomized controlled trial assessing clinical pregnancy outcomes was carried out. This analysis included 1125 consecutive oocyte donation cycles utilizing ICSI or IVF and Day 3 embryo transfers between November 2009 and April 2012. The whole cohort of donated oocytes from patients who agreed to participate in the study were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to a reduced O2 tension group (6% O2) or an air-exposed group (20% O2) based on a computergenerated randomization list. Fresh and vitrified oocytes were used for oocyte donation. Only those pregnancies with a live birth at or beyond 24 weeks of gestation were included. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Day 3 embryos were cultured in an atmosphere of 5.5% CO2, 6% O2, 88.5% N2 versus a dual gas system in air. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: From the eligible 1125 cycles, 564 were allocated to the 6% O2 group and 561 cycles to the 20% O2 group. However, 50 and 62 cycles did not reach embryo transfer in the 6% and 20% O2 groups, respectively. No differences were found between 6% O2 and atmospheric O2 tension in the number of livebirths per embryo transfer (mean § SD, 0.5 § 0.7 versus 0.5 § 0.7), pregnancy complications or neonatal outcomes. Both groups (6% and atmospheric O2) had similar single and twin delivery rates (40.8% versus 38.1% and 10.7% versus 12.3%, respectively). Preterm delivery rates and very preterm delivery rates (10.80% versus 13.24% and 1.25% versus 2.94%, respectively), birthweight (3229 § 561 g versus 3154 § 731 g), low birthweight (2.92% versus 2.45%), birth height (50.18 § 2.41 cm versus 49.7 § 3.59 cm), head circumference (34.16 § 1.87 cm versus 33.09 § 1.85 cm) and 1 min Apgar scores (8.96 § 0.87 versus 8.89 § 0.96) were also similar between 6% and atmospheric O2 groups, respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The number of liveborns finally analyzed is still small and not all obstetric and neonatal variables could be evaluated. Furthermore, a small proportion of the obstetric and neonatal data was obtained through a questionnaire VC The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected] Human Reproduction, Vol.0, No.0, pp. 1-14, 2020 doi:10.1093/humrep/deaa152 One reason for the lack of effect of oxygen concentration on pregnancy outcome could be the absence of trophectoderm cells at cleavage stage, which may make Day 3 embryos less susceptible to hypoxic conditions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Nowadays many IVF laboratories use a more physiological oxygen concentration for embryo culture. However, the benefits of using low oxygen concentration on both laboratory and clinical outcomes during embryo culture are still under debate. Furthermore, long-term studies investigating the effect of using atmospheric O2 are also needed. Gathering these type of clinical data is indeed, quite relevant from the safety perspective. The present data show that, at least in egg donation cycles undergoing Day 3 embryo transfers, culturing embryos under atmospheric oxygen concentration seems not to affect perinatal outcome

Plan de intervención de terapia ocupacional en un caso de ACV

Este trabajo consiste en el diseño de un plan de tratamiento individualizado, enfocado a pacientes con secuelas de accidente cerebro vascular (ACV) institucionalizados con el objetivo de potenciar la capacidad cognitiva, las habilidades motoras y las destrezas manipulativas. El tratamiento, con una duración de un mes, se ha llevado a cabo en la residencia Ozanam del barrio Oliver, durante el periodo de practicas. Se ha realizado una evaluación mediante escalas de valoración para conocer el estado del usuario en las diferentes áreas y así diseñar el plan de intervención más adecuado.<br /

Transcriptional Activity of the MADS Box ARLEQUIN/TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 Gene Is Required for Cuticle Development of Tomato Fruit

[EN] Fruit development and ripening entail key biological and agronomic events, which ensure the appropriate formation and dispersal of seeds and determine productivity and yield quality traits. The MADS box gene ARLEQUIN/TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 (hereafter referred to as TAGL1) was reported as a key regulator of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) reproductive development, mainly involved in flower development, early fruit development, and ripening. It is shown here that silencing of the TAGL1 gene (RNA interference lines) promotes significant changes affecting cuticle development, mainly a reduction of thickness and stiffness, as well as a significant decrease in the content of cuticle components (cutin, waxes, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds). Accordingly, overexpression of TAGL1 significantly increased the amount of cuticle and most of its components while rendering a mechanically weak cuticle. Expression of the genes involved in cuticle biosynthesis agreed with the biochemical and biomechanical features of cuticles isolated from transgenic fruits; it also indicated that TAGL1 participates in the transcriptional control of cuticle development mediating the biosynthesis of cuticle components. Furthermore, cell morphology and the arrangement of epidermal cell layers, on whose activity cuticle formation depends, were altered when TAGL1 was either silenced or constitutively expressed, indicating that this transcription factor regulates cuticle development, probably through the biosynthetic activity of epidermal cells. Our results also support cuticle development as an integrated event in the fruit expansion and ripening processes that characterize fleshy-fruited species such as tomato.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (grant nos. BIO2009-11484, AGL2012-32613, AGL2012-40150-C03-01, and AGL2012-40150-C03-02) and by the European Commission through the Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios-Doc program of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (to B.P.).Giménez Caminero, ME.; Domínguez, E.; Pineda Chaza, BJ.; Heredia, A.; Moreno Ferrero, V.; Lozano, R.; Angosto, T. (2015). Transcriptional Activity of the MADS Box ARLEQUIN/TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 Gene Is Required for Cuticle Development of Tomato Fruit. Plant Physiology. 168(3):1036-1048. doi:10.1104/pp.15.00469S10361048168

TOMATO AGAMOUS1 and ARLEQUIN/TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 MADS-box genes have redundant and divergent functions required for tomato reproductive development

[EN] Within the tomato MADS-box gene family, TOMATO AGAMOUS1 (TAG1) and ARLEQUIN/TOMATO AGAMOUS LIKE1 (hereafter referred to as TAGL1) are, respectively, members of the euAG and PLE lineages of the AGAMOUS clade. They perform crucial functions specifying stamen and carpel development in the flower and controlling late fruit development. To gain insight into the roles of TAG1 and TAGL1 genes and to better understand their functional redundancy and diversification, we characterized single and double RNAi silencing lines of these genes and analyzed expression profiles of regulatory genes involved in reproductive development. Double RNAi lines did show cell abnormalities in stamens and carpels and produced extremely small fruit-like organs displaying some sepaloid features. Expression analyses indicated that TAG1 and TAGL1 act together to repress fourth whorl sepal development, most likely through the MACROCALYX gene. Results also proved that TAG1 and TAGL1 have diversified their functions in fruit development: while TAG1 controls placenta and seed formation, TAGL1 participates in cuticle development and lignin biosynthesis inhibition. It is noteworthy that both TAG1 and double RNAi plants lacked seed development due to abnormalities in pollen formation. This seedless phenotype was not associated with changes in the expression of B-class stamen identity genes Tomato MADS-box 6 and Tomato PISTILLATA observed in silencing lines, suggesting that other regulatory factors should participate in pollen formation. Taken together, results here reported support the idea that both redundant and divergent functions of TAG1 and TAGL1 genes are needed to control tomato reproductive development.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant Numbers AGL2012-40150-C03-01, AGL2012-40150-C03-02 and AGL2015-64991-C3-1-R); and the European Commission through the JAE-Doc Program of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) (Grant Number AGL2012-40150-C03-01 to B.P.).Giménez Caminero, ME.; Castañeda, L.; Pineda Chaza, BJ.; Pan, IL.; Moreno Ferrero, V.; Angosto, T.; Lozano, R. (2016). TOMATO AGAMOUS1 and ARLEQUIN/TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 MADS-box genes have redundant and divergent functions required for tomato reproductive development. Plant Molecular Biology. 91(4-5):513-531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0485-4S513531914-