Camino hacia una ética deportiva global

A partir del análisis de los desafíos (superables) que supone la noción de una ética cívica global, la propuesta del presente trabajo es transitar las diversas vías posibles para concretar la aplicación de estándares consensuales de conducta transparente, democrática, plural e inclusiva, con especial énfasis en la prevención de la corrupción, respecto de los organismos deportivos de dimensiones transnacionales, por medio de la conformación de tribunales supraestatales específicos, de-construyendo previamente los (supuestos) impedimentos tradicionalmente considerados como óbice para su concreción

Estrés parental y desarrollo infantil en niños prematuros

El presente trabajo trata de analizar si los niveles de estrés experimentados por los progenitores inciden sobre el desarrollo mental y motor de un grupo de niños nacidos demasiado pequeños o demasiado pronto. Participaron 19 niños y niñas nacidos, con menos de 36 semanas de gestación (media 29,84) y menos de 1500 gramos (media 1099,89), en el Hospital 12 de octubre de Madrid cuyos padres y madres consintieron participar en este trabajo. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala BSID-II para obtener los índices del desarrollo mental y psicomotor en los niños cuando alcanzaron la edad 2 años y la PSI de Abidin, para valorar el estrés total de los padres y madres participantes, así como su percepción de Malestar Paterno, Interacción Disfuncional y Niño Difícil. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de comparaciones de medias para muestras independientes. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas entre los altos y los bajos niveles de estrés en cuanto a su incidencia en el desarrollo. En general, tanto en las madres como en los padres, cuando se obtiene una puntuación baja de estrés, existe un mejor desarrollo mental y psicomotor en los niños. Estos resultados se discuten a la luz de las investigaciones sobre el tema y se analizan las implicaciones para la elaboración de programas de atención temprana.The current document analyze if the parent’s stress levels influence the mental and motor development of a children’s group being born too young or too small. The participants were 19 preterm children born at the “Hospital 12 de Octubre” of Madrid with less than 36 gestation weeks (mean 29,84) and 1500 grammes (mean 1099,89), whose parents were agree to take part in this study. The employed instruments were the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II) to obtain the mental and psychomotor index scores of the toddlers at 2 years old; and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI) of Abidin. to assess the Total Stress of the parents, and their perception of Parental Distress, Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interactions and Difficult Child also. The obtained data were analyzed comparing the means of two independent samples. The results show that there are significant differences in the children’s development depending of the high or low parental stress levels. In general terms, when parents have low levels of stress, a better mental and psychomotor development is observed in their children. These results are discussed in the light of other researches about the issue, being considered as well, their implications for the implementation of early intervention programs.peerReviewe

On the influence of the proportion of PEO in thermally controlled phase segregation of copoly(ether-imide)s for gas separation

Producción CientíficaA complete series of aliphatic aromatic copoly(etherimide)s, based on an aromatic dianhydride (BPDA), an aromatic diamine (ODA) and a diamino terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO2000) of 2000 g/mol molecular weight, using different PEO contents, has been synthesized. Cast films of these copolymers have been thermally treated and characterized by FTIR-ATR, DSC, TGA and SAXS. It has been found that there is a direct relationship between phase segregation and permeability for increasing treatment temperatures. Results show that permeability is higher when PEO content increases in the copolymer. Selectivity for O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs follows the same tendency, while those for CO2/N2, and CH4/N2 give higher selectivities for intermediate (30-40 %) PEO contents. Especially promising are the results for these two pairs of gases because materials with high permeability with high selectivity can be obtained. The Maxwell model has been applied to predict permeability (for CO2, CH4, O2 and N2) from known data for pure BPDA-ODA and neat PEO and it has been found that assuming PEO as the dispersed phase, the use of this equation is adequate for percentages up to approximately a 40 % over which we should assume that it is the aromatic part of the copolymer which plays the role of dispersed phase.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA302U13

Influence of the PEO length in gas separation properties of segregating aromaticaliphatic copoly(ether-imide)s

Producción CientíficaA complete series of aliphatic-aromatic copoly(ether-imide)s has been synthesized in this work. All these copoly(ether-imide)s had the same structure, BPDA-PEOX-ODA, but different lengths of PEO in the final polymer. These copolymers have been thermally treated and characterized by several techniques. A direct relationship between the temperature of treatment, the improvement of phase segregation, and permeability has been demonstrated. The Maxwell model has been applied to predict permeability (for CO2, CH4 and N2) and it has been found that when the segregated PEO can be considered to be amorphous – it is at high temperatures when crystallinity disappears – the model fits reasonably well. This confirms that the aliphatic and aromatic portions of the copolymer behave approximately as a bi-phase of disperse domains within a continuous matrix. Results show that permeability is higher when the PEO chains are longer – when there is no crystallinity, or any kind of internal bonds, distorting the results – while selectivity doesn´t depend on the PEO length in the copolymer. Remarkable are the results for the CO2/N2 gas pair, with selectivity-versus-permeability very near to the Robeson‘s upper bound at 30 ºC and even in closer proximity to the corresponding trade off line for higher permeation temperatures.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA248U13

Residuos de 2,3-dihidro-2,2-dimetilbenzofuran-7-il metilcarbamato (carbofuran) en un suelo con y sin uso agricola

A fin de determinar la residualidad de carbofuran en un Molisol al cabo de un tiempo de aplicación, se realizó un estudio en macetas de 1 kg de suelo a las que se agregó 100 mg L-1 de carbofuran. El suelo utilizado provino de una selección de dos lotes adyacentes, con y sin laboreo. Se tomaron muestras a dos profundidades, según tratamientos: L1 = Lote con cultivo (0 - 20 cm), L2 = Lote con cultivo (20 - 40 cm), L3 = Lote sin laboreo (0 - 20 cm) y L4 = Lote sin laboreo (20 - 40 cm). El muestreo de suelo se hizo a los 0, 7, 30 y 60 días de aplicación del pesticida. Según la residualidad de carbofuran y el nivel de materia orgánica se encontraron diferencias significativas entre fechas, uso y profundidad. La correlación entre contenido de carbofuran y materia orgánica, resultó significativa para L1 y L2 (0.52) teniendo cuenta el uso y según profundidad para L1 y L3 (-0.60). Observandose persistencia en todos los tratamientos en las fechas en que se extrajeron las muestras, siendo mayor en los que poseían un mayor tenor de materia orgánica

Gas adsorption isotherm, pore size distribution, and free volume fraction of polymer-polymer mixed matrix membranes before and after thermal rearrangement

Producción CientíficaIn this work, CO2 adsorption at 273.15 K and N2 adsorption at 77 K of mixed matrix membranes has been studied, as a method to directly determine their fractional free volume (FFV). These membranes consist of a continuous phase of copoly(o-hydroxyamide)s (HPA) or copoly(o-hydroxyamide-amide)s (PAA) and a relatively highly porous polymer network filler (PPN1). Both the pure copolymers and the mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have been analyzed before and after a thermal rearrangement (TR) process. The CO2 adsorption results have allowed characterizing the pore size distribution of the studied membranes in the 3–15 Å range, by using the Non-Local Density Functional Theory (NLDFT). Whereas the N2 adsorption has allowed determining the pore size distributions in the range between 20 and 250 Å. The experimental determination of the pore volume and the density allows the direct calculation of the membranes’ free volume fractions, which were in good agreement with the most usual FFV evaluation methods. In addition, part of the pore volume detected by N2 adsorption was associated with defects and poor integration of the membrane components. This correction has allowed us to make a new evaluation of the density of these materials.Gobierno de España (AEI) proyects (PID2019-109403RB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y PID2019-109403RB-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)Junta de Castilla y León - EU-FEDER (CL-EI-2021-07, UIC082

Free volume and permeability of mixed matrix membranes made from a Terbutil-M-terphenyl polyamide and a porous polymer network

Producción CientíficaA set of thermally rearranged mixed matrix membranes (TR-MMMs) was manufactured and tested for gas separation. These membranes were obtained through the thermal treatment of a precursor MMM with a microporous polymer network and an o-hydroxypolyamide,(HPA) created through a reaction of 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane (APAF) and 5′-terbutil-m-terfenilo-3,3″-dicarboxylic acid dichloride (tBTmCl). This HPA was blended with different percentages of a porous polymer network (PPN) filler, which produced gas separation MMMs with enhanced gas permeability but with decreased selectivity. The thermal treatment of these MMMs gave membranes with excellent gas separation properties that did not show the selectivity decreasing trend. It was observed that the use of the PPN load brought about a small decrease in the initial mass losses, which were lower for increasing PPN loads. Regarding the glass transition temperature, it was observed that the use of the filler translated to a slightly lower Tg value. When these MMMs and TR-MMMs were compared with the analogous materials created from the isomeric 5′-terbutil-m-terfenilo-4,4″-dicarboxylic acid dichloride (tBTpCl), the permeability was lower for that of tBTmCl, compared with the one from tBTpCl, although selectivity was quite similar. This fact could be attributed to a lower rigidity as roughly confirmed by the segmental length of the polymer chain as studied by WAXS. A model for FFV calculation was proposed and its predictions compared with those evaluated from density measurements assuming a matrix-filler interaction or ideal independence. It turns out that permeability as a function of FFV for TR-MMMs follows an interaction trend, while those not thermally treated follow the non-interaction trend until relatively high PPN loads were reached.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación - (projects PID2019- 109403RB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and PID2019-109403RB-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)Junta de Castilla y León, Unión Europea y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (project CLU2017-09, UIC082

Estrés parental y desarrollo infantil en niños prematuros

El presente trabajo trata de analizar si los niveles de estrés experimentados por los progenitores inciden sobre el desarrollo mental y motor de un grupo de niños nacidos demasiado pequeños o demasiado pronto. Participaron 19 niños y niñas nacidos, con menos de 36 semanas de gestación (media 29,84) y menos de 1500 gramos (media 1099,89), en el Hospital 12 de octubre de Madrid cuyos padres y madres consintieron participar en este trabajo. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala BSID-II para obtener los índices del desarrollo mental y psicomotor en los niños cuando alcanzaron la edad 2 años y la PSI de Abidin, para valorar el estrés total de los padres y madres participantes, así como su percepción de Malestar Paterno, Interacción Disfuncional y Niño Difícil. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de comparaciones de medias para muestras independientes. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas entre los altos y los bajos niveles de estrés en cuanto a su incidencia en el desarrollo. En general, tanto en las madres como en los padres, cuando se obtiene una puntuación baja de estrés, existe un mejor desarrollo mental y psicomotor en los niños. Estos resultados se discuten a la luz de las investigaciones sobre el tema y se analizan las implicaciones para la elaboración de programas de atención temprana.The current document analyze if the parent’s stress levels influence the mental and motor development of a children’s group being born too young or too small. The participants were 19 preterm children born at the “Hospital 12 de Octubre” of Madrid with less than 36 gestation weeks (mean 29,84) and 1500 grammes (mean 1099,89), whose parents were agree to take part in this study. The employed instruments were the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II) to obtain the mental and psychomotor index scores of the toddlers at 2 years old; and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI) of Abidin. to assess the Total Stress of the parents, and their perception of Parental Distress, Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interactions and Difficult Child also. The obtained data were analyzed comparing the means of two independent samples. The results show that there are significant differences in the children’s development depending of the high or low parental stress levels. In general terms, when parents have low levels of stress, a better mental and psychomotor development is observed in their children. These results are discussed in the light of other researches about the issue, being considered as well, their implications for the implementation of early intervention programs.peerReviewe