Influence of cadmium and glucose on soil microbial communities

© 2015 Aliya Gilmullina, Polina Galitskaya and Svetlana Selivanovskaya. A laboratory-based simulation of exposure of the soil community in a gray forest soil to cadmium and glucose has been conducted. It was established that while growing in a fertile medium microbial communities isolated from a soil sample contaminated with cadmium have a substantially increased phase of growth delay and there is a reduction in total growth. While analyzing communities by Biolog Ecoplate method, it was found that, as compared to the community isolated from a soil rich in glucose, the community in a soil with cadmium is characterized by significantly lower AWCD, R and H indices, in which the differences increase with time of incubation. Also differences in the pattern and rate of recyclable substrates have been revealed. The resulting data suggest changes in the functional activity of the microbial community in the soil under the influence of cadmium

Effects of cadmium and glucose on microbial communities: Revealing of the leading factor

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.Anthropogenous activity leads to accumulation in the soil of metals which often come to it along with organic matter. In the conditions of a laboratory experiment response of soil microbial community to an individual and simultaneous importation of glucose and cadmium is investigated. Changes of microbial community characterized by the following parameters – the common microbial biomass, respiratory activity and growth characteristics of soil community. It is established that the importation of cadmium and glucose renders multidirectional effects. At simultaneous influence of available organic matter and metal of change of the analysed parameters depend on a ratio and concentration of connections. The cluster analysis of the obtained data demonstrates that at the studied concentration of cadmium and glucose a major factor, in charge of formation of communities, metal whereas organic matter plays the supporting role is

Mineralization of "non-metabolizable" Glucose analogues in soil: Potential chemosensory mimics of Glucose

© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Glucose is widely used to study the dynamics of easily available organics in soil. Pure culture studies have revealed that many microorganisms can sense and respond to glucose through chemosensory mechanisms that are not directly reliant on energy catabolism. However, the rapid mineralization of glucose by microorganisms makes it difficult to disentangle its energy effects from such non-catabolic interactions. "Non-metabolizable" glucose analogues have proven useful in mechanistic studies of glucose in pure culture, but have never been applied to complex microbial communities in soil. We sought to determine how their mineralization in soil differs from that of glucose, and whether they have potential as a new approach for investigating chemosensory mechanisms in soil microbiology. We incubated soil from an agricultural Haplic Luvisol under controlled conditions for 24 d and monitored CO 2 efflux after addition of (1) glucose, and three "non-metabolizable" glucose analogues: (2) 2-deoxyglucose (DG), (3) a-methylglucoside (aMG), and (4) 3-O-methyl-glucose (OMG), at three concentration levels, along with a control. All three analogues did in fact produce a large increase in soil CO 2 efflux, but the dynamics of their mineralization differed from the rapid degradation seen for glucose. At medium and high concentrations, CO 2 efflux peaked between 2.5 and 4 d after amendment with DG and aMG, and was delayed by about one week for OMG. The markedly different patterns of mineralization between glucose and OMG offer a new tool for investigating the behavior of glucose in soil. By using OMG as a glucose model, chemosensory mechanisms could be studied with limited interference from energy catabolism

Mineralization of “non-metabolizable” glucose analogues in soil: potential chemosensory mimics of glucose

© 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimGlucose is widely used to study the dynamics of easily available organics in soil. Pure culture studies have revealed that many microorganisms can sense and respond to glucose through chemosensory mechanisms that are not directly reliant on energy catabolism. However, the rapid mineralization of glucose by microorganisms makes it difficult to disentangle its energy effects from such non-catabolic interactions. “Non-metabolizable” glucose analogues have proven useful in mechanistic studies of glucose in pure culture, but have never been applied to complex microbial communities in soil. We sought to determine how their mineralization in soil differs from that of glucose, and whether they have potential as a new approach for investigating chemosensory mechanisms in soil microbiology. We incubated soil from an agricultural Haplic Luvisol under controlled conditions for 24 d and monitored CO2 efflux after addition of (1) glucose, and three “non-metabolizable” glucose analogues: (2) 2-deoxyglucose (DG), (3) α-methylglucoside (αMG), and (4) 3-O-methyl-glucose (OMG), at three concentration levels, along with a control. All three analogues did in fact produce a large increase in soil CO2 efflux, but the dynamics of their mineralization differed from the rapid degradation seen for glucose. At medium and high concentrations, CO2 efflux peaked between 2.5 and 4 d after amendment with DG and αMG, and was delayed by about one week for OMG. The markedly different patterns of mineralization between glucose and OMG offer a new tool for investigating the behavior of glucose in soil. By using OMG as a glucose model, chemosensory mechanisms could be studied with limited interference from energy catabolism

Comparison of biosurfactant activity for hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms

This article performs the comparison of biosurfactant activity for 12 microorganism strains extracted from oily sludge. The lowest values of surface tension forces during the entire incubation period are determined for 2c, 1c and 4a strains, and made 49 mN/m, 51 mN/m, and 52 mN/m, respectively. The maximum biosurfactant specific activity was observed among 1b, 2b, and 3a strains

Linking sediment supply variations and tectonic evolution in deep time, source-to-sink systems—The Triassic Greater Barents Sea Basin

Triassic strata in the Greater Barents Sea Basin are important records of geodynamic activity in the surrounding catchments and sediment transport in the Arctic basins. This study is the first attempt to investigate the evolution of these source areas through time. Our analysis of sediment budgets from subsurface data in the Greater Barents Sea Basin and application of the BQART approach to estimate catchment properties shows that (1) during the Lower Triassic, sediment supply was at its peak in the basin and comparable to that of the biggest modern-day river systems, which are supplied by tectonically active orogens; (2) the Middle Triassic sediment load was significantly lower but still comparable to that of the top 10 largest modern rivers; (3) during the Upper Triassic, sediment load increased again in the Carnian; and (4) there is a large mismatch (70%) between the modeled and estimated sediment load of the Carnian. These results are consistent with the Triassic Greater Barents Sea Basin succession being deposited under the influence of the largest volcanic event ever at the Permian-Triassic boundary (Siberian Traps) and concurrent with the climatic changes of the Carnian Pluvial Event and the final stages of the Northern Ural orogeny. They also provide a better understanding of geodynamic impacts on sedimentary systems and improve our knowledge of continental-scale sediment transport. Finally, the study demonstrates bypass of sediment from the Ural Mountains and West Siberia into the adjacent Arctic Sverdrup, Chukotka, and Alaska Basins in Late Carnian and Late Norian time.publishedVersio

Digitalization of Energy: from Process Automation to Digital Transformation of the Industry

В данной статье поднимается важный и актуальный на сегодняшний день вопрос - цифровизация энергетики. В данной работе подробно разобраны те отрасли топливо-энергетического комплекса, в которых уже происходит активное внедрение цифровых и интеллектуальных технологий. Перечислен ряд нововведений, который уже используется в энергетике России. Выделены основные недостатки цифровизации.This article raises an important and relevant issue today - the digitalization of energy. In this paper, we analyze in detail those sectors of the fuel and energy complex in which there is already an active introduction of digital and intelligent technologies. A number of innovations that are already being used in the Russian energy sector are listed. The main disadvantages of digitalization are highlighted

Influence of cadmium and glucose on soil microbial communities

© 2015 Aliya Gilmullina, Polina Galitskaya and Svetlana Selivanovskaya. A laboratory-based simulation of exposure of the soil community in a gray forest soil to cadmium and glucose has been conducted. It was established that while growing in a fertile medium microbial communities isolated from a soil sample contaminated with cadmium have a substantially increased phase of growth delay and there is a reduction in total growth. While analyzing communities by Biolog Ecoplate method, it was found that, as compared to the community isolated from a soil rich in glucose, the community in a soil with cadmium is characterized by significantly lower AWCD, R and H indices, in which the differences increase with time of incubation. Also differences in the pattern and rate of recyclable substrates have been revealed. The resulting data suggest changes in the functional activity of the microbial community in the soil under the influence of cadmium

Influence of cadmium and glucose on soil microbial communities

© 2015 Aliya Gilmullina, Polina Galitskaya and Svetlana Selivanovskaya. A laboratory-based simulation of exposure of the soil community in a gray forest soil to cadmium and glucose has been conducted. It was established that while growing in a fertile medium microbial communities isolated from a soil sample contaminated with cadmium have a substantially increased phase of growth delay and there is a reduction in total growth. While analyzing communities by Biolog Ecoplate method, it was found that, as compared to the community isolated from a soil rich in glucose, the community in a soil with cadmium is characterized by significantly lower AWCD, R and H indices, in which the differences increase with time of incubation. Also differences in the pattern and rate of recyclable substrates have been revealed. The resulting data suggest changes in the functional activity of the microbial community in the soil under the influence of cadmium