3,617 research outputs found
The design of models for cryogenic wind tunnels
Factors to be considered in the design and fabrication of models for cryogenic wind tunnels include high model loads imposed by the high operating pressures, the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of materials in low temperature environments, and the combination of aerodynamic loads with the thermal environment. Candidate materials are being investigated to establish criteria for cryogenic wind tunnel models and their installation. Data acquired from these tests will be provided to users of the National Transonic Facility
The Viking surface sampler
A surface sampler subsystem for the Viking Lander has been designed, fabricated, cleaned, and successfully tested. Testing has included component level tests to qualification environment and subsystem level tests. This development hardware has also been integrated into a System Test Bed (STB) for the lander system. In addition to the normal dynamic and thermal environments the surface sampler hardware has been tested in an aircraft to simulate the effects of the reduced Martian gravity. Although problems have been encountered with the first-build and integration, the basic design appears to be sound and hardware qualification is scheduled for late 1973
Early lunar rover mission studies
Viewgraphs on Early Lunar Rover Mission studies are included. The chronology of events and study project description are addressed. Issues identified for analysis and basic questions to be addressed are listed. LaRC Early Lunar Mission study results are included
Internal thermal noise in the LIGO test masses : a direct approach
The internal thermal noise in LIGO's test masses is analyzed by a new
technique, a direct application of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem to
LIGO's readout observable, (longitudinal position of test-mass face,
weighted by laser beam's Gaussian profile). Previous analyses, which relied on
a normal-mode decomposition of the test-mass motion, were valid only if the
dissipation is uniformally distributed over the test-mass interior, and they
converged reliably to a final answer only when the beam size was a
non-negligible fraction of the test-mass cross section. This paper's direct
analysis, by contrast, can handle inhomogeneous dissipation and arbitrary beam
sizes. In the domain of validity of the previous analysis, the two methods give
the same answer for , the spectral density of thermal noise, to within
expected accuracy. The new analysis predicts that thermal noise due to
dissipation concentrated in the test mass's front face (e.g. due to mirror
coating) scales as , by contrast with homogeneous dissipation, which
scales as ( is the beam radius); so surface dissipation could
become significant for small beam sizes.Comment: 6 pages, RevTex, 1 figur
Diagonally Neighbour Transitive Codes and Frequency Permutation Arrays
Constant composition codes have been proposed as suitable coding schemes to
solve the narrow band and impulse noise problems associated with powerline
communication. In particular, a certain class of constant composition codes
called frequency permutation arrays have been suggested as ideal, in some
sense, for these purposes. In this paper we characterise a family of neighbour
transitive codes in Hamming graphs in which frequency permutation arrays play a
central rode. We also classify all the permutation codes generated by groups in
this family
Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH
Precise measurements of the temporal profile of ultrashort electron bunches are of high interest for the optimization and operation of ultraviolet and x-ray free-electron lasers. The electro-optic (EO) technique has been applied for a single-shot direct visualization of the time profile of individual electron bunches at FLASH. This paper presents a thorough description of the experimental setup and the results. An absolute calibration of the EO technique has been performed utilizing simultaneous measurements with a transverse-deflecting radio-frequency structure that transforms the longitudinal bunch charge distribution into a transverse streak. EO signals as short as 60 fs (rms) have been observed using a gallium-phosphide (GaP) crystal, which is a new record in the EO detection of single electron bunches and close to the physical limit imposed by the EO material properties. The data are in quantitative agreement with a numerical simulation of the EO detection process
Extreme value distributions for weakly correlated fitnesses in block model
We study the limit distribution of the largest fitness for two models of
weakly correlated and identically distributed random fitnesses. The correlated
fitness is given by a linear combination of a fixed number of independent
random variables drawn from a common parent distribution. We find that for
certain class of parent distributions, the extreme value distribution for
correlated random variables can be related either to one of the known limit
laws for independent variables or the parent distribution itself. For other
cases, new limiting distributions appear. The conditions under which these
results hold are identified.Comment: Expanded, added reference
Phenomenology of pp->pp eta reaction close to threshold
The recent high statistics measurement of the pp -> pp eta reaction at an
excess energy Q=15.5 MeV has been analysed by means of partial wave
decomposition of the cross section. Guided by the dominance of the final state
1S0 pp interaction (FSI), we keep only terms involving the FSI enhancement
factor. The measured p-p and p-eta effective mass spectra can be well
reproduced by lifting the standard on-shell approximation in the enhancement
factor and by allowing for a linear energy dependence in the leading 3P0->1S0,s
partial wave amplitude. Higher partial waves seem to play only a marginal role
Cooling of a mirror by radiation pressure
We describe an experiment in which a mirror is cooled by the radiation
pressure of light. A high-finesse optical cavity with a mirror coated on a
mechanical resonator is used as an optomechanical sensor of the Brownian motion
of the mirror. A feedback mechanism controls this motion via the radiation
pressure of a laser beam reflected on the mirror. We have observed either a
cooling or a heating of the mirror, depending on the gain of the feedback loop.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, RevTe
Pulsed ultraviolet light decontamination of artificially-generated microbiological aerosols
Airborne transmission of infectious organisms is a major public health concern, particularly within healthcare and communal public environments. Methods of environmental decontamination utilising pulsed ultraviolet (UV) light are currently available, however it is important that germicidal efficacy against airborne contamination is established. This study demonstrates evidence of the dose-response kinetics of airborne bacterial contamination when exposed to pulsed UV-rich (PUV) light. Bacterial aerosols (Staphylococcus epidermidis) were generated using a 6-Jet Collison nebuliser, and introduced into a custom-designed aerosol chamber which enabled prolonged airborne suspension and circulation. Bacterial aerosols were exposed to short duration pulses (~20 µs) of UV-rich light emitted from a xenon-filled flashlamp. The lamp was operated using a 1 kV solid–state pulsed power source, with a pulse frequency of 1 Hz, and output energy of 20 J/pulse. Post-treatment, air samples were extracted from the chamber using a BioSampler liquid impinger, and the surviving fraction was enumerated using standard microbiological culture methods. Results demonstrate successful aerosol inactivation, with a 66.4% reduction achieved with only 10 pulses of UV-rich light (P=<0.0002). Inactivation using continuous UV light was also investigated in order to quantify the comparative efficacy of these antimicrobial light regions. In addition to determining the inactivation kinetics, the spectral outputs of the pulsed and continuous UV sources were captured and compared in order to assess their comparative UV-C content, and subsequently assess how this UV content relates to their germicidal efficiency. Overall, results provide evidence of the dose-response kinetics of bacterial aerosols to PUV-rich light. As with continuous UV light, safety restrictions limit its application to unoccupied environments, or within sealed enclosures such as air handling units, however the reduced treatment times with PUV provides operational advantages over continuous light treatment
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