14 research outputs found
Mining and Analysis of SNP in Response to Salinity Stress in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Superoxide dismutase-mentor of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants
Abiotic stresses impact growth, development,
and productivity, and significantly limit the global agricultural
productivity mainly by impairing cellular
physiology/biochemistry via elevating reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation. If not metabolized, ROS
(such as O2
•−, OH•, H2O2, or 1O2) exceeds the status
of antioxidants and cause damage to DNA, proteins,
lipids, and other macromolecules, and finally cellular
metabolism arrest. Plants are endowed with a family
of enzymes called superoxide dismutases (SODs) that
protects cells against potential consequences caused by
cytotoxic O2
•− by catalyzing its conversion to O2 and
H2O2. Hence, SODs constitute the first line of defense
against abiotic stress-accrued enhanced ROS and its reaction
products. In the light of recent reports, the present
effort: (a) overviews abiotic stresses, ROS, and their
metabolism; (b) introduces and discusses SODs and
their types, significance, and appraises abiotic stressmediated
modulation in plants; (c) analyzes major reports
available on genetic engineering of SODs in
plants; and finally, (d) highlights major aspects so far
least studied in the current context. Literature appraised
herein reflects clear information paucity in context with
the molecular/genetic insights into the major functions
(and underlying mechanisms) performed by SODs, and
also with the regulation of SODs by post-translational
modifications. If the previous aspects are considered in
the future works, the outcome can be significant in sustainably
improving plant abiotic stress tolerance and efficiently
managing agricultural challenges under changing
climatic conditions
NHX1 and eIF4A1-stacked transgenic sweetpotato shows enhanced tolerance to drought stress
Removal and Recovery of Mercury in Vitro Using Immobilized Live Biomass of Chlorella sp.
Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase—representative H2O2-detoxifying heme enzymes in plants
Interactions between plant hormones and heavy metals responses
Abstract Heavy metals are natural non-biodegradable constituents of the Earth's crust that accumulate and persist indefinitely in the ecosystem as a result of human activities. Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury and zinc, amongst others, have increasingly contaminated soil and water resources, leading to significant yield losses in plants. These issues have become an important concern of scientific interest. Understanding the molecular and physiological responses of plants to heavy metal stress is critical in order to maximize their productivity. Recent research has extended our view of how plant hormones can regulate and integrate growth responses to various environmental cues in order to sustain life. In the present review we discuss current knowledge about the role of the plant growth hormones abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroid and ethylene in signaling pathways, defense mechanisms and alleviation of heavy metal toxicity
Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study
Background Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). Findings In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683–0·717]). Interpretation In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. Funding British Journal of Surgery Society