Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética da família neotropical Hedylidae (Lepidoptera Hedyloidea)

Hedylidae occurs exclusively in the Neotropical region and historically has been classified as a subfamily of Geometridae. This work presents a treatment on the morphology of the family in order to use new characters which may permit the analysis of phylogenetic relationships among the species. The family is redescribed using these new characters and the species are redescribed or described using standardized descriptions. An identification key for the genera and species and new geographical records are presented. The primary types of most of the species were examined. A total of 111 adults characters, being 64 from male specimens, 19 from female specimens and 28 from both sexes, were used for the phylogenetic analysis. The out-groups used in the analysis, all considered sister-groups of Hedyloidea, included two species of Papilionoidea, and one species of Hesperioidea. The phylogenetic relationships were estimated based on cladistics, through the use of a heuristic search. For support of clades it was used Bremer index. The analysis resulted in two equally parsimonious cladograms, with 610 steps (CI = 0.33; RI = 0.69; RRI = 0.23) and strict consensus with 612 steps, having a CI, RI and RRI equal to that of the two most parsimonious cladograms. Based on this phylogenetic analysis the following taxa were revalidated: Hedyle Guenée, 1857, gen rev. Phellinodes, Guenée, 1857, gen. rev., Phellinodes interrupta Warren, 1904, sp. rev., P. cellulata Dognin, 1911, sp. rev. and P. zikani Prout, 1932, sp. rev. Seven new species were described. Hedylidae now consists of three genera and 46 species. For each taxon was presented the synonymic list, biological data, seasonal and geographic records and information on the types.Hedylidae ocorre exclusivamente na região Neotropical e já foi tratada como subfamília de Geometridae. Este trabalho apresenta um tratamento sobre a morfologia do grupo a fim de utilizar novos caracteres que possibilitem analisar as relações filogenéticas entre as espécies. A família é redescrita à luz desses novos caracteres e as espécies são redescritas ou descritas de forma padronizada. Uma chave de identificação para gêneros e espécies é apresentada e são feitos novos registros geográficos. Os tipos primários da maioria das espécies foram examinados. Para análise filogenética, foram levantados 111 caracteres de adultos, 64 de machos, 19 de fêmeas e 28 de ambos os sexos para 46 espécies de Hedylidae. Os grupos externos utilizados na análise, considerados grupo–irmão de Hedyloidea, foram Papilionoidea (duas espécies) e Hesperioidea (uma espécie). As relações filogenéticas foram estimadas com bases cladísticas, através de busca heurística. Para suporte dos clados, foi utilizado o índice de Bremer. A análise resultou em dois cladogramas igualmente parcimoniosos, com 610 passos (CI = 0,33; RI = 0,69; RRI = 0,23) e consenso estrito com 612 passos, CI, RI e RRI iguais ao dos dois cladogramas mais parcimoniosos. Com base na análise filogenética os seguintes táxons foram revalidados, Hedyle Guenée, 1857 gen. reval., Phellinodes Guenée, 1857 gen. reval., Phellinodes interrupta Warren, 1904, sp. reval., P. cellulata Dognin, 1911, sp. reval. e P. zikani Prout, 1932, sp. reval. Sete espécies novas foram descritas. Hedylidae passa a ser constituída de três gêneros e 46 espécies. Para cada táxon foi apresentada a lista sinonímica, dados biológicos, registros geográficos, sazonais e informações sobre os tipos

First record of Lonomia camox Lemaire, 1971 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) in Brazil

Lonomia Walker, 1855 is a genus of Lepidoptera belonging to the Saturniidae whose caterpillars have a defense system based on scoli connected to venom glands, which can cause medical accidents of envenomation, thereby making this genus medically important. In this work, Lonomia camox Lemaire, 1971, is recorded for the first time in Brazil, more specifically in the state of Amazonas. Photographs of male and female genitalia and an updated map with new occurrence records are presented

First record of Xylophanes ploetzi (Möschler, 1876) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) from Brazil

Two specimens of Xylophanes ploetzi (Möschler, 1876) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) were collected in Manaus representing the first record from Brazil. Key words Hawkmoths; taxonomy of Lepidoptera; central Amazon; Brazilian Amazon. © Lourido and Motta

Descrição da fêmea e redescrição do macho de Macrosoma klagesi (Prout) (Lepidoptera, Hedyloidea, Hedylidae)

The female of Macrosoma klagesi (Prout, 1916) is described and illustrated for the first time based on individuals collected in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The male genital strutures are redescribed and illustrated. © 2009 Sociedade Brasileira De Entomologia

Social wasps as biological control agents against diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus, 1767) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), a cucumber pest in Amazonas, Brazil

Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), popularly known as "melonworm moth", is considered a main pest of the cucumber, and depending on the intensity of infestation, the damage can reach 100%. Herein, we report the predation of D. hyalinata larvae by seven social wasp species: Brachygastra lecheguana, Polybia dimidiata, Polybia ignobilis, Polybia liliacea, Protopolybia minutissima, Synoeca surinama and Synoeca virginea, and predation of D. hyalinata pupae by Polybia liliacea. We suggest that Polybia liliacea, should be considered as a potential biological control for cucumbers, due to its high index of captured prey and intense foraging activity. © 2019 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. All rights reserved

Theobroma grandiflorum (Wild ex Spreng Schum)] in Amazonas, Brazil

Biological aspects of the caterpillar Macrosoma tipulata Hübner and its damage to young leaves of Theobroma grandiflorum (Wild ex Spreng Schum) were studied under laboratory conditions of 24.5 ± 0.7°C, UR 61.6 ± 9.1% and 12h photophase. The larval stage presented five instars with a total duration of 15.9 ± 4.31 days, and survival of 98%. The pupal period stage was 7.0 ± 0.56 days for males and 6.9 ± 0.56 days for females, with 99% survival for both sex. The pupal mean length was 18.9 ± 0.89 mm for males and 19.1 ± 1.13 mm for females. The mean longevity of the adult was 10.3 ± 2.25 days. The vertical distribution of damage was relatively uniform, with a tendency of greater defoliation in the middle of the treetop, but without significant difference among the three positions

First record of Phanoxyla hystrix (R. Felder, [1874]) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) in the Rondonia State, Brazil

A male specimen of Phanoxyla hystrix (R. Felder, [1874]) was collected in Porto Velho representing the first record from Rondonia State, Brazil.Um macho de Phanoxyla hystrix (R. Felder, [1874]) foi coletado em Porto Velho, representando o primeiro registro para o estado de Rondônia, Brasil

Padrões de diversidade de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) no dossel de floresta ombrófila na Amazônia central, Brasil

Sphingidae attracted to light were systematically collected in an Amazonian forest canopy. Sampling occurred at a height of 34 m in an upland primary rainforest plateau in the Cueiras River basin, located within the Experimental Station of Tropical Silviculture, Manaus municipality, Amazonas, Brazil. The hawkmoths were collected using a vertical white sheet illuminated by a 250 W mixed mercury light and a 20 W black-light (BLB) fluorescent tube. Monthly collections were carried out from January to December 2004, during three nights of lunar transition from third quarter moon to new moon between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. We sampled 1748 specimens, represented by 1485 males and 263 females, belonging to 52 species and 21 genera. Xylophanes comprised the highest number of species (seven), followed by Erinnyis, with six species. The most abundant species were Pseudosphinx tetrio (169 specimens), Pachylia darceta (162), Erinnyis ello ello (154), Isognathus excelsior (151) and Callionima parce (139). The species accumulation curve showed that the species richness tended to stabilize by the eighth month. We also observed that species composition altered significantly throughout the night period. All presented hawkmoth records are new for the canopy in the central Amazon.Foram realizadas coletas sistemáticas de Sphingidae no dossel de floresta ombrófila densa na Amazônia central utilizando-se armadilha luminosa. As coletas ocorreram em uma floresta primária de terra firme, na bacia do Rio Cuieiras, a 34 m de altura na torre da Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Foi utilizado um lençol branco iluminado com uma lâmpada de luz mista de mercúrio e uma lâmpada de luz negra UV-BLB. As mariposas foram coletadas mensalmente durante o ano de 2004, em três noites consecutivas de lua minguante e/ou lua nova, sempre das 18:00 às 06:00h. Foram coletados 1748 espécimes, dos quais 769, por serem comuns, foram identificados, marcados e soltos. Foram obtidos 1485 machos e 263 fêmeas, pertencentes a 21 gêneros e 52 espécies. Xylophanes foi representado por sete espécies, seguido por Erinnyis com seis. As espécies mais abundantes foram Pseudosphinx tetrio (169 espécimes), Pachylia darceta (162), Erinnyis ello ello (154), Isognathus excelsior (151) e Callionima parce (139). A curva de acumulação de espécie mostrou que em torno do oitavo mês de coleta, a riqueza de espécies tendeu a estabilizar. Foi possível observar ainda que a composição de esfingídeos mudou significativamente ao longo da noite. Todos os registros são novos para o dossel de floresta na Amazônia central