Estudio sobre comercialización de productos menores cultivados en el área del proyecto de Chuquisaca

380 páginas pdf.El presente documento se refiere a estudios de casos sobre: garbanzo, maní, tomate, zanahoria y cebolla. También presenta informes parciales sobre: quinua, tarhui, linaza, haba, arveja, pepino, repollo, papaliza, camote, uva, durazno, naranja, limón y caña de azúcar. Se señala que el presente estudio expone la información obtenida sobre la producción y comercialización de otros productos que se cultivan en el área del Proyecto Norte de Chuquisaca, principalmente del garbanzo, maní, tomate, zanahoria y cebolla. Por esta razón cada producto tiene información independiente por capítulos de acuerdo a los casos encontrados. El capítulo 2 de este documento presenta la información sobre el garbanzo, el 3 del maní, los subsiguientes capítulos 4, 5 y 6 sobre el tomate, zanahoria y cebolla respectivamente. El estudio se basa en investigación directa a dos niveles: a) del productor mediante encuestas hechas en el campo visitando a los productores en sus fincas; b) de intermediarios mediante encuestas hechas en el área rural y urbana de los mercados de Sucre y La Paz principalmente. Señala que también se acudió a información secundaria obtenida en fuentes de investigación y de estadísticas tales como MACA, IBTA y otras que se citan en el documento. Se incluyen 61 cuadros y 11 gráficos

Movement, translocation and MRR data for Heliconius butterflies

Site fidelity plays an important role in increasing foraging efficiency, particularly when food resources are reliable. In insects, site fidelity has largely been studied in Hymenopteran species, which consistently return to their nest site after foraging bouts. In butterflies, evidence of foraging site fidelity are limited but may be present in species with specific foraging specialisations, such as Heliconius, which have a derived foraging behaviour centred around active pollen feeding. Unlike many Hymenoptera, Heliconius are neither eusocial nor nesting species, positioning them as a peculiar case where foraging site fidelity may occur in the absence of any central nest-like structure. However, to date, existing studies do not consider low dispersal as an alternative to site fidelity. In this study, we use a mark-release-recapture experiment to test whether individuals of two Heliconius species exhibit true site fidelity. We further test this fidelity by measuring flight orientation during a translocation experiment, and by recapturing translocated butterflies to identify whether individuals return to their site of origin. We found that non-translocated butterflies display extreme stability in site choice, and translocated butterflies consistently return to their site of origin, rapidly orientating towards their home site upon release. This suggests site fidelity in Heliconius is not solely explained by low dispersal, but is a response to the distribution and stability in ecological resources. We further note that the ability to return to home sites when artificially dispersed suggests a sophisticated ability to navigate to specific spatial goals. Our study provides insights into the ecological drivers of site fidelity, a novel example distinct from nest building or group living, and opens an avenue of new research on navigational mechanisms in insects

A Inspetoria de Monumentos Nacionais do Museu Histórico Nacional e a proteção de monumentos em Ouro Preto (1934-1937)

This article analyzes the actions of valorization and defense of Ouro Preto carried out by Gustavo Barroso, as director of the National Historical Museum, between the decades of 1920 and 1930. Understanding these actions as part of a writing project of history which had the old capital of Minas Gerais as the main reference, seeks to identify the paths towards the city’s official recognition as a National Monument in 1933 and to know Barroso’s role in that process. After that, it studies the restorations of monuments of old Vila Rica carried out under Barroso’s responsibility, especially those performed through the National Monuments Inspection (IMN), which was a department of the MHN between 1934 and 1937. In addition to characterizing the regulations and the practices of this department, identifying the agents involved in its activities, questions its omission in the historical memory about the public policies of preservation of the heritage in Brazil.O presente artigo é dedicado à análise das ações de valoração e defesa da cidade de Ouro Preto levadas a cabo por Gustavo Barroso, então diretor do Museu Histórico Nacional (MHN), entre as décadas de 1920 e 1930. Compreendendo essas ações como parte de um projeto de escrita da história nacional que teve a antiga capital de Minas Gerais como principal referência, o artigo procura identificar os percursos que levaram ao reconhecimento oficial da cidade como Monumento Nacional, em 1933, e a atuação de Barroso nesse processo. Em seguida, estuda as restaurações de monumentos da antiga Vila Rica realizadas sob a responsabilidade de Barroso, especialmente as implementadas por meio da Inspetoria de Monumentos Nacionais (IMN) que funcionou como um departamento do MHN entre 1934 e 1937. Além de caracterizar o regulamento e as práticas desse órgão, identificando os agentes envolvidos em suas atividades, problematiza seu esquecimento na memória histórica sobre as políticas públicas de preservação do patrimônio no Brasil

PSP association results for the three SNPs associated in the discovery and replication datasets.

<p>PSP association results for the three SNPs associated in the discovery and replication datasets.</p

Main clinical and demographic characteristics of the PSP case-control discovery and replication datasets.

<p>Main clinical and demographic characteristics of the PSP case-control discovery and replication datasets.</p

Regional LD plot for rs4733649 at 8q24.21.

<p>The pairwise LD (r²) between the SNP of interest and surrounding variants and the estimated recombination rate are plotted as a function of genomic position. This plot was constructed by SNAP (SNP Annotation and Proxy Search, <a href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/snap/ldplot.php" target="_blank">http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/snap/ldplot.php</a>) using the CEU population panel in the 1000 Genome Project (1000GP) Pilot 1 data and a 500 kilobases (kb) distance limit on each side. The horizontal dashed line is at the 0.8 cut-off for r², and the vertical dashed lines indicate the genomic region encompassing SNPs in strong LD (r²≥0.8) with the variant of interest.</p

Modified Manhattan plot (|RAS_diff| against chromosomal location) for the primary spontaneous pneumothorax genome-wide association study.

<p>The absolute value of the relative allele score (RAS) difference between cases and controls (|RAS_diff|) is shown for 868,260 autosomal SNPs allelotyped in 92 PSP patients and 129 healthy controls, ordered by chromosomal position. The red and blue lines represent the 12% and 8% |RAS_diff| thresholds, respectively.</p

Six Ways Population Change Will Affect the Global Economy

New estimates of economic flows by age combined with population projections show that in the coming decades (1) global GDP growth could be slower by about 1 percentage point per year, declining more sharply than population growth; (2) GDP will shift toward sub-Saharan Africa more than population trends suggest; (3) living standards of working-age adults may be squeezed by high spending on children and seniors; (4) changing population age distribution will raise living standards in many lower-income nations; (5) changing economic life cycles will amplify the economic effects of population aging in many higher income economies; and (6) population aging will likely push public debt, private assets, and perhaps productivity higher. Population change will have profound implications for national, regional, and global economies