Hypoxia: a Review

Tissue hypoxia occurs where there is an imbalance between oxygen supply and consumption. Growing evidence from experimental and clinical studies points to the fundamental and patho-physiologic role of hypoxia in cancer, ischemic tolerance, and stroke. Hypoxia-induced changes in ion homeostasis, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, proliferation and differentiation. This review outlines hypoxia effect at molecular level and describes briefly hypoxia role in the physiological and pathological conditions

Fast diagnosis of men’s fertility using Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods: An experimental study

Background: Idiopathic infertile men suffer from unexplained male infertility; they are infertile despite having a normal semen analysis, a normal history, and physical examination, and when female infertility factor has been ruled out. Objective: The present study aimed to develop a metabolic fingerprinting methodology using Raman spectroscopy combined with Chemometrics to detect idiopathic infertile men vs. fertile ones by seminal plasma. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the seminal plasma of 26 men including 13 fertile and 13 with unexplained infertility who reffered to, Avicenna Infertility Clinic, 2018, Tehran, Iran, have been investigated. The seminal metabolomic fingerprinting was evaluated using Raman spectrometer from 100 to 4250 cm-1. The principal component analysis and discriminate analysis methods were used. Results: The total of 26 samples were divided into 20 training and 6 test sets. The Principal component analysis score plot of the training set showed that the data were perfectly divided into two sides of the plot, which statistically approves the direct effect of semen metabolome changes on the Raman spectra. A classification model was constructed by linear discriminant analysis using the training set and evaluated by the test group which resulted in completely correct classification. While three of the six test samples appeared in the fertile group, the rest appeared in the infertile as expected. Conclusion: Metabolic fingerprinting of seminal plasma using Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric classification methods accurately discriminated between the idiopathic infertile men and the fertile ones and predicted their fertility type. Key words: Semen analysis, Fertility, Raman spectroscopy, Metabolomics

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in the life sciences: a review

Proteomics concerns itself with the characterization and function of all cellular proteins, the ultimate determinants of cellular function. Mass spectrometry has emerged as the preferred method for in-depth characterization of the protein components of biological systems. Using mass spectrometry, key insights into the composition, regulation and function of molecular complexes and pathways have been gained. Now days, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become an indispensable tool in the cellular and molecular life sciences. This review discusses current mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies

Proteomics a Key Tool for a Better Understanding of Endometriosis:

    Endometriosis is a painful reproductive disease afflicting about up to 20% of women. It is one of the most frequent benign gynaecological diseases, however, little is known about the pathological of endometriosis. Over the past decade, high-throughput proteomics technologies have evolved considerably and have become increasingly more commonly applied to the investigation of female reproductive disease, including endometriosis. In this mini-review the authors look at the application of proteomics technologies in order to find biomarker associated with endometriosis.

Fast Diagnosis of Men's Fertility Using Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Methods: an Experimental Study

Background: Idiopathic infertile men suffer from unexplained male infertility; they are infertile despite having a normal semen analysis, a normal history, and physical examination, and when female infertility factor has been ruled out. Objective: The present study aimed to develop a metabolic fingerprinting methodology using Raman spectroscopy combined with Chemometrics to detect idiopathic infertile men vs. fertile ones by seminal plasma. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the seminal plasma of 26 men including 13 fertile and 13 with unexplained infertility who reffered to, Avicenna Infertility Clinic, 2018, Tehran, Iran, have been investigated. The seminal metabolomic fingerprinting was evaluated using Raman spectrometer from 100 to 4250 cm-1. The principal component analysis and discriminate analysis methods were used. Results: The total of 26 samples were divided into 20 training and 6 test sets. The Principal component analysis score plot of the training set showed that the data were perfectly divided into two sides of the plot, which statistically approves the direct effect of semen metabolome changes on the Raman spectra. A classification model was constructed by linear discriminant analysis using the training set and evaluated by the test group which resulted in completely correct classification. While three of the six test samples appeared in the fertile group, the rest appeared in the infertile as expected. Conclusion: Metabolic fingerprinting of seminal plasma using Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric classification methods accurately discriminated between the idiopathic infertile men and the fertile ones and predicted their fertility type. Key words: Semen analysis, Fertility, Raman spectroscopy, Metabolomics

Proteome analysis of mouse brain exposed to chronic hypoxia

Objective: Chronic hypoxia exists in many diseases, including cancer. The subject of our study is analysis of molecular pathways affected in the chronically hypoxic mouse brain. Materials and Methods: Using the emPAI protocol, we performed a quantitative proteomic approach to characterize the global proteome in the mouse brain exposed to 7% 02 for 48 hours. Results: Utilizing the emPAI protocol to estimate protein abundance and assign molar concentrations to all proteins, we were able to identify 33 proteins with significant changes in their expression. Conclusion: Deregulated proteins were mainly involved in cell metabolism, apoptosis, Ca(2+) signaling, pentose phosphate pathway, 14-3-3 protein mediated signaling cascades and protein degradation. The obtained data will provide some clues for understanding mechanisms with which cells respond and adapt to chronic hypoxia