INCLISAFE RGIS1 específico para vehículos militares

l INCLISAFE RGIS1 es un dispositivo de aviso de riesgo de vuelco para vehículos militares. Está pensado y diseñado para avisaral conductor de una situación de inestabilidad del vehículo que conduce, de modo que la señal de aviso será más insistente conforme el riesgo de vuelco aumente. Se encuentra patentado en Estados Unidos (nº 3IPDT1.0002WO). Surge a partir del INCLISAFE para vehículos agroforestales desarrollado por el G.I. AGR 126 “Mecanización y Tecnología Rural” para la empresa EGMASA (Junta de Andalucía) en colaboración con la empresa Desarrollo Tecnológico Agroindustrial (DTA

Sistema móvil para la determinación "in situ" de las propiedades mecánicas de los suelos acoplable a tractores agrícolas

Número de publicación: ES2184532 A1 (01.04.2003) También publicado como: ES2184532 B1 (16.12.2003) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P9900786 (15.04.1999)El sistema que se propone tiene como objetivo permitir realizar los ensayos de hundimiento, corte por torsión y penetración, muy empleados en los estudios de locomoción extraviaria, trabajando con el suelo sin alterar. Se trata de un sistema acoplable a cualquier tractor agrícola comercial, que permite realizar varios ensayos para un mismo estacionamiento y que utiliza como fuente de energía para el funcionamiento de las partes móviles el sistema hidráulico del tractor, o bien un sistema hidráulico independiente accionado por la toma de fuerza.Universidad de Almerí

Vibration analysis of the fruit detachment process in late-season ‘Valencia’ orange with canopy shaker technology

The mechanical harvesting of juice oranges can be achieved by the application of forced vibration to the tree canopy to detach fruit. Among the available harvesting technologies, canopy shaker systems have the advantage of working continuously, with rods that penetrate the tree canopy generating low-frequency, high-amplitude movement. The objective of this work is to analyse the fruit detachment process in order to improve the design and management of canopy shaker systems, reducing the risk of damage to fruit during the mechanical harvesting process. Three different canopy shaker systems were used to remove oranges in a well-adapted intensive orchard during the harvesting period. The fruit detachment process was recorded with a triaxial accelerometer sensor with a datalogger inserted into each tested fruit. Fruit movement displayed a similar frequency value as harvester rods (4.1-4.9 Hz), while the resultant acceleration depended on the interaction of the tree-machine system (38.8-60.4 m s-2). The fruit detachment event occurrence required a vibration time ranging between 1.45-5.75 s, which can limit the machine’s maximum speed. After the detachment event, fruit presented a short mean time (0.28 s) with no interaction with other fruit, branch or machine. The interaction of fruit during the harvesting process was more important, in terms of maximum acceleration, after the detachment event (527.6 m s-2) than before (401.0 m s-2). The use of a catch frame to collect fruit and of padding material in the machinery are fundamental measures to reduce the damage caused to fruit with canopy shaker technologie

Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies

MDPI. CC BYCanopy characterization has become important when trying to optimize any kind of agricultural operation in high-growing crops, such as olive. Many sensors and techniques have reported satisfactory results in these approaches and in this work a 2D laser scanner was explored for measuring canopy trees in real-time conditions. The sensor was tested in both laboratory and field conditions to check its accuracy, its cone width, and its ability to characterize olive canopies in situ. The sensor was mounted on a mast and tested in laboratory conditions to check: (i) its accuracy at different measurement distances; (ii) its measurement cone width with different reflectivity targets; and (iii) the influence of the target’s density on its accuracy. The field tests involved both isolated and hedgerow orchards, in which the measurements were taken manually and with the sensor. The canopy volume was estimated with a methodology consisting of revolving or extruding the canopy contour. The sensor showed high accuracy in the laboratory test, except for the measurements performed at 1.0 m distance, with 60 mm error (6%). Otherwise, error remained below 20 mm (1% relative error). The cone width depended on the target reflectivity. The accuracy decreased with the target density

First attempts to obtain a reference drift curve for traditional olive grove's plantations following ISO 22866

The current standard for the field measurements of spray drift (ISO 22866) is the only official standard for drift measurements in field conditions for all type of crops, including bushes and trees. A series of field trials following all the requirements established in the standard were arranged in a traditional olive grove in Córdoba (south of Spain). The aims of the study were to evaluate the applicability of the current standard procedure to the particular conditions of traditional olive trees plantations, to evaluate the critical requirements for performing the tests and to obtain a specific drift curve for such as important and specific crop as olive trees in traditional plantations, considering the enormous area covered by this type of crop all around the world.The authors thank the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government for their economic support through the pre-commercial procurement Mecaolivar project, financed with FEDER funds, and the AgVANCE project (AGL2013-48297-C2-1-R). The first author acknowledges the support of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and SportPostprint (updated version

Fruit abscission pattern of ‘Valencia’ orange with canopy shaker system

Fruit detachment can occur due to natural causes or be mechanically performed by a combination of mechanical stresses that cause tissue breakage in the plant. Forced abscission should not coincide with natural abscission zones (AZ). Abscission zones are very important in citrus harvesting both in terms of the destination market and of the possible damage caused to the tree or fruit. The objective of this study is to determine the abscission pattern of sweet oranges with a canopy shaker and compare it with other detachment systems. Five plots of Valencia oranges were tested during the 2017 and 2018 harvesting seasons, using a commercial tractor-drawn canopy shaker. The diameter, weight and breakage type were evaluated in the cases of natural fall, snap method, mechanical harvesting with canopy shaker, and pull test. Breakage type AZ-C predominated in natural fall (89.0%) and the snap method (79.5%). Similarly, AZ-A predominated for the canopy shaker (58.8%) and pull test (45.3%). Mechanical action on the fruit produced peel tear by breaking the flavedo, which reached highest frequency in the snap method (7.6%). Peel tear breakage required a mean fruit detachment force value of 99.3 N, higher than the average abscission values for AZ-C (88.7 N) and AZ-A (66.6 N). The fruit that remained on the tree after canopy shaker harvesting showed lower mean values of fruit detachment force (16.3%) than the pre-harvest fruit. The frequency of fruit with calyx with the canopy shaker and snap methods was similar, with a mean value of 36%

Frequency response of Valencia oranges to selective harvesting by vibration

Citrus mechanical harvesting has been investigated since the 1960’s. Even though mechanical harvesting could significantly lower production costs, the implementation by the private sector has been slow. The current harvesting technologies detach the fruits with trunk, canopy or branch vibration. For late-season sweet orange varieties which simultaneously bear mature fruit, immature fruitlets and flowers shaker harvesting decreases the subsequent year’s yield. This study, investigated the frequency response of mature fruits and immature fruitlets to determine the optimum frequency range for an efficient and selective harvest. Laboratory vibration transmission tests were conducted with 14 branches bearing 76 mature fruits and 151 immature ‘Valencia’ fruitlets. The fruit and branch response to the forced vibration was measured by several sets of five triaxial accelerometers with a dynamic signal analyser. Three frequency ranges with the highest vibration transmission values were identified for mechanical harvesting lower than 10 Hz. The first frequency range (1.5-2.5 Hz) corresponded best with the most efficient vibration transmission, involving more than 90% of fruit. The second frequency range (4.5-5 Hz) successfully discriminated between mature fruit and immature fruitlets. In this frequency range, 53.4% of mature fruit amplified the acceleration a mean value of 2.2 times, while only 7.3% of immature fruitlets amplified the acceleration with a mean value of 4.4 times. The lowest third frequency range had a vibration transmission value of 7-8 Hz. The frequency response of mature citrus fruits, and their markedly higher fruit mass, were significant factors in efficient selective mechanical harvesting

Reducing spray drift by adapting the spraying equipment to the canopy shape in olive orchards with isolated trees

The lack of specificity of the spraying equipment commonly used in olive orchards is a remarkable problem, for not allowing farmers to apply adjusted pesticide doses to their trees, making necessary to spray very high liquid volumes that increase the environmental pollution risk. In this context, three prototypes were specially developed to increase the application efficiency in olive orchards with isolated trees, which represent 98% of the olive harvested area in Spain.Postprint (published version

Determination of field capacity and yield mapping in olive harvesting using remote data acquisition

Sensors, communication systems and geo-reference units are required to achieve an optimized management of agricultural inputs with respect to the economic and environmental aspects of olive groves. In this study, three commercial olive harvesters were tracked in Spain and Chile using remote and autonomous equipment to determine their time efficiency and field capacity. An experimental methodology for analyzing the data to determine the field capacity and efficiency is proposed, which, along with a conventional methodology, was used to analyze the data to determine field capacity and efficiency. The results of both methodologies are compared to validate the suitability of the experimental methodology. Furthermore, a yield monitor was developed and evaluate using one of the tested olive harvesters. The results show that yield monitoring of olives is possible, but further research is needed to archieve a more reliable methodology

Assessment of Spray Deposit and Loss in Traditional and Intensive Olive Orchards with Conventional and Crop-Adapted Sprayers

Plant protection product (PPP) applications to isolated olive trees are commonly performed with regular air-assisted sprayers, which are not adapted to their particular characteristics. Whilst strong efforts have been undertaken over the last years to improve technical aspects like canopy detection and automated proportional dosing, nearly no efforts have been made regarding the sprayer adaption to the crop. For this reason, three prototype sprayers were developed for traditional and intensive olive cultivations systems (P1: centrifugal fan; P2: six small side axial fans; P3: two axial fans in tower structure) with the purpose to improve the application efficiency. The main goal of the present study was to check spray quality and efficiency in comparison with the conventional sprayer in both cultivation systems. The sprayers were tested in two different olive groves and properly calibrated according to the tree dimensions. The spray deposition, coverage, drift, and losses to the ground were measured in five trees per cultivation system by placing the appropriate collectors. The sprayers performed very differently in both cultivation systems. In the intensive system, the spray deposition did not present significant differences (p = 0.105). However, it did in the traditional system (p = 0.003), with P3 obtaining the best results. The spray coverage followed the same trend, with significant differences only in the traditional orchard (p = 0.011), with the prototypes leading. The conventional equipment generated the highest spray losses in both cultivation systems. Crop adapted spraying can significantly improve the spray quality and efficiency in difficult crops like olive. This topic may have a key importance to match the environmentally sustainable use of PPP