Expression profiling of immune inhibitory Siglecs and their ligands in patients with glioma

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Biased competition through variations in amplitude of γ-oscillations

Experiments in visual cortex have shown that the firing rate of a neuron in response to the simultaneous presentation of a preferred and non-preferred stimulus within the receptive field is intermediate between that for the two stimuli alone (stimulus competition). Attention directed to one of the stimuli drives the response towards the response induced by the attended stimulus alone (selective attention). This study shows that a simple feedforward model with fixed synaptic conductance values can reproduce these two phenomena using synchronization in the gamma-frequency range to increase the effective synaptic gain for the responses to the attended stimulus. The performance of the model is robust to changes in the parameter values. The model predicts that the phase locking between presynaptic input and output spikes increases with attention

Extraction of 3D shape from optic flow: a geometric approach

Contains fulltext : 103978.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 21-23, 1994, Seattle, Washingto

Extraction of three-dimensional shape from optic flow: a geometric approach

Contains fulltext : 103983.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Die Revolution 1918/19

Die Revolution 1918/19 : von d. Monarchie zur Republik. - In: Die Weimarer Republik / Theo Stammen. - München : Bayer. Landeszentrale für Polit. Bildungsarbeit. - Bd. 1. (1987). - S. 87-10

Einfluss der Nabengeometrie auf die Tragfähigkeit von Zahnwellenverbindungen nach DIN 5480

Contains fulltext : 103967.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access

Enterovirus-Infected beta-Cells Induce Distinct Response Patterns in BDCA1+ and BDCA3+ Human Dendritic Cells

Enteroviruses often cause mild disease, yet are also linked to development of autoimmune diabetes. Dendritic cells (DCs) shape both innate and adaptive immune responses, including anti-viral responses. How different human DC subsets shape anti-viral responses, whether they have complementary or overlapping functions and how this relates to autoimmune responses is largely unknown. We used enterovirus-infected beta-cells and freshly isolated human myeloid DC (mDC) subsets as a model for autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Our data show that both the BDCA1+ and BDCA3+ mDC subsets engulf mock- as well as virus-infected beta-cells, albeit BDCA1+ mDCs are more efficient. Uptake of enterovirus-infected, but not mock-infected cells, activated both DC subsets as indicated by the induction of co-stimulatory molecules and secretion of type I and type III interferons. Both subsets produced similar amounts of interferon-alpha, yet the BDCA3+ DC were superior in IFN-lambda production. The BDCA1+ mDCs more strongly upregulated PD-L1, and were superior in IL-12 and IL-10 production as compared to the BDCA3+ DC. Despite lack of IL-12 production by the BDCA3+ DC, both BDCA1+ and BDCA3+ DCs activated T cells in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction towards a Th1-type reactivity while suppressing Th2-associated cytokines

Connexin43 confers Temozolomide resistance in human glioma cells by modulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway

Item does not contain fulltextGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive astrocytoma, and therapeutic options are generally limited to surgical resection, radiotherapy, and Temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. TMZ is a DNA alkylating agent that causes DNA damage and induces cell death. Unfortunately, glioma cells often develop resistance to TMZ treatment, with DNA de-methylation of the MGMT promoter identified as the primary reason. However, the contributions from proteins that normally protect cells against cytotoxic stress in TMZ-induced apoptosis have not been extensively explored. Here, we showed that increasing the level of the gap junction protein, Cx43, in human LN18 and LN229 glioma cells enhances resistance to TMZ treatment while knockdown of Cx43 in these same cells sensitizes them to TMZ treatment. By expressing a channel-dead or a C-terminal truncation mutant of Cx43, we show that Cx43-mediated TMZ resistance involves both channel dependent and independent functions. Expression of Cx43 in LN229 cells decreases TMZ-induced apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V staining. Cx43-mediated chemoresistance appears to be acting via a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway as manifested by the reduction in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the release of cytochrome C. Our findings highlight additional mechanisms and proteins that contribute to TMZ resistance, and raise the possibility of increasing TMZ efficiency by targeting Cx43 protein. This article is part of the Special Issue Section entitled 'Current Pharmacology of Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels'