Особенности формирования стратегии внешнеэкономической деятельности предприятия

Collective efficacy is defined as social cohesion among neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good. Through collective efficacy, forms of perceived neighborhood disorder may be successfully targeted. Simultaneously, perceived disorder undermines preconditions for collective efficacy, informal social control, and (collective) action. Most research on this theme has been quantitative, not always clarifying the micro social processes at stake. This also concerns residents' willingness to intervene and their considerations for intervening or refraining from action. Additionally, most studies have addressed high-poverty neighborhoods, ignoring valuable lessons from more prosperous neighborhoods. This article aims to fill these gaps. We conducted 90 semistructured interviews with residents in six inner-city neighborhoods in The Netherlands. Interview transcript analysis shows how residents' willingness to intervene is related to public familiarity, communicative skills, and fear. In turn, fear depends on the seriousness of perceived disorder, being outnumbered, previous experiences, and hearsay. We also show ambivalent ways in which social ties affect residents' willingness to intervene. Social ties may stimulate public familiarity, but also exchange of negative experiences with social control and free rider issues

Determinants of neighbourhood satisfaction and perception of neighbourhood reputation

It has been suggested that the residential mobility behaviour and general well-being of residents of urban neighbourhoods are not only influenced by how residents themselves assess their neighbourhood, but also by how they think other city residents see their neighbourhood: the perceived reputation of the neighbourhood. There is a large body of literature on residents' satisfaction with their neighbourhood, but much less is known about how residents perceive the reputation of their own neighbourhood. Such knowledge might give important clues on how to improve the well-being of residents in deprived neighbourhoods, not only by directly improving the factors that affect their own level of satisfaction, but also by improving the factors that residents think have a negative effect on the reputation of their neighbourhood. This paper examines whether there are differences in the determinants of neighbourhood satisfaction and the perceived reputation of the neighbourhood. Using data from a purpose-designed survey to study neighbourhood reputations in the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands, it is found that subjective assessment of the dwelling and neighbourhood attributes are more important in explaining neighbourhood satisfaction than in explaining perception of reputation. Objective neighbourhood variables are more important in explaining perception of reputation than in explaining neighbourhood satisfaction.PostprintPeer reviewe

Spatial Knock-On Effects of Area-Based Urban Policies: Practices From Utrecht, the Netherlands

In many West European countries the welfare state is retreating and instruments of urban policy have changed. Urban policies are now often area based, which means that action is taken in a spatially defined area. One of the problems of this approach is that it leads to a so called spatial knock-on effect. This is when an area-based approach causes side effects in other areas, that are not involved in the policy. So far, most interest is in the effects for the targeted area, and less attention is being paid to the side effects for other areas. In our opinion this has to change in order to have sound evaluations of the effectiveness of area based urban policies. The aim of this paper is to take a closer look at the effects of area based urban policies in both targeted areas and non targeted areas from a quantitative and a qualitative perspective. In the quantitative approach we examine how the amount of problems in both targeted and non targeted areas has changed since area based urban policy has been implemented. In the qualitative approach information is gathered by interviewing policymakers to find out in what way they deal with spatial knock-on effects. All of this has been studied in the context of three cities in the Netherlands. In the end of the paper we aim to explain spatial knock-on effects and try to strengthen this explanation with several theoretical insights. We also draw some conclusions for further research that can be useful for policymakers

Місце України в процесах глобалізації світового туристичного ринку

Мета статті: визначити, чи має Україна можливості для активної участі в процесах глобалізації шляхом глибокого аналізу рекреаційного потенціалу окремих її туристичних регіонів

Zelfbouw in reflectie: evaluatie SEV-experimenten (C)PO/MO

Dit rapport betreft een evaluatie van circa 60 projecten die de Stuurgroep Experimenten Volkshuisvesting (SEV) in de afgelopen 10 à 15 jaar heeft ondersteund met betrekking tot (collectief) particulier en medeopdrachtgeverschap in de woningbouw. Aanleiding daartoe werd gevormd door de algemene behoefte aan meer keuzevrijheid en meer markt in de Nederlandse woningbouw. Tegelijkertijd werd indertijd verondersteld dat particulier opdrachtgeverschap beter aan zou sluiten bij de behoefte van de woonconsumenten, alsmede sneller en goedkoper te realiseren zou zijn dan de reguliere seriematige nieuwbouw. Als zodanig stonden deze doelstellingen ook centraal in de VROM beleidsnota „Mensen, Wensen, Wonen‟ van 2000. Mede naar aanleiding van de in de Tweede Kamer algemeen aanvaarde motie Van Gent/Duivesteijn, werd zelfs beoogd om vanaf 2005 ongeveer 1/3 van de nieuw te bouwen woningen in particulier opdrachtgeverschap te realiseren. Desalniettemin hebben (collectief) particulier en medeopdrachtgeverschap sindsdien niet zo‟n hoge vlucht gekend als beoogd. Het richtgetal van 33,3% van de totale bouwproductie is bij lange na niet gehaald. Sterker nog, daar waar midden jaren negentig van de afgelopen eeuw 17% van de totale Nederlandse bouwproductie in particulier opdrachtgeverschap werd gerealiseerd, is dit thans nog slechts een ruime 10%. Ook het aandeel van de verhuisgeneigden, die zeggen voor (C)PO/MO te willen gaan is in de afgelopen vier jaar afgenomen van 36% naar 28%

Neighborhood decline and the economic crisis : an introduction

Some of Maarten van Ham’s time on this project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 615159 (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial inequality, deprived neighbourhoods, and neighbourhood effects) and from the Marie Curie programme under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant n. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects), Platform31 (The Netherlands).Urban neighborhoods are still important in the lives of its residents. Therefore, it is important to find out how the recent global financial and economic crisis affects these neighborhoods. Which types of neighborhoods and which residents suffer more than others? This introduction provides an overview of the papers in this special feature that focus on this question. It concludes with the statement that governments should specifically pay attention to the poor neighborhoods and the people living there, because here the effects of the crisis are very prominent and in many cases probably long-lasting.PostprintPeer reviewe

Neighborhood Decline and the Economic Crisis

Neighborhood decline is a complex and multidimensional process. National and regional variation in economic and political structures (including variety in national welfare state arrangements), combined with differences in neighborhood history, development and population composition, makes it extremely difficult to identify a unilateral process of neighborhood decline over time. Some scholars have tried to develop all-encompassing models to explain neighborhood decline; others have studied more deeply the relevance of a limited number of factors and developments in processes of decline. The literature has paid little attention to the influence of economic development on neighborhood development, and surprisingly, few studies have focused on the effects of the economic crisis on urban neighborhoods. The recent global economic and financial crisis affected many European and North-American cities in terms of growing unemployment levels and rising poverty in concentrated areas. At the same time, urban investments such as urban restructuring and neighborhood improvement programs have decreased, or come to a halt altogether. By reviewing existing literature, this paper aims to contribute to an understanding of neighborhood decline in light of the economic crisis. By formulating ten hypotheses about the ways in which the economic crisis might interact with processes of neighborhood decline, this paper aims to push the debate on neighborhood decline forward and calls for more contextualized research on neighborhood change. We will highlight challenges for future research and point to factors that need to be taken into consideration in a post-crisis society

Hyper-diversity in/and geographies of childhood and youth

This paper reviews recent work on childhood, youth and diversity in geography. It argues for a need to move from superdiversity to hyperdiversity. Such a move recognises how multiple facets of social difference extend beyond commonly-used identity categories deployed in intersectional or superdiverse analyses. In particular, the notion of hyperdiversity enables an exploration of how identity categories articulate with materialities, feelings and everyday practices. The paper sets out some starting propositions for theorisations of hyperdiversity, childhood and youth, whilst recognising the need for critical reflection upon the term's usefulness, especially when set alongside other conceptual languages for understanding intersections of age with other forms of difference. Finally, the paper introduces the four articles that comprise this special issue.<br/

Contextual effects on populist radical right support:Consensual neighbourhood effects and the Dutch PVV

This study examines contextual effects on support for the Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV), a Dutch populist radical right-wing party. It examines the two most frequently researched contextual effects, that of the local ethnic composition and of local economic conditions. Furthermore, it investigates the effect of the local normative context, through which people are hypothesised to be influenced by their neighbours' political views. Analysing survey data from The Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study using multilevel logistic regression, no effects are found for the local ethnic composition and local economic conditions after controlling for individual characteristics. In addition, PVV support is much lower in districts with higher shares of highly educated residents, which is in line with theories on consensual neighbourhood effects. This effect is found to be non-linear and only turns negative when around 25 per cent of the population of a district is highly educated. Additional analyses show that contact with neighbours, which is often assumed to explain this effect, is not a prerequisite for the effect to occur

Precariousness and the financialization of housing

szabadon elérhető / Open acces