10,475 research outputs found
Vacuum decay via Lorentzian wormholes
We speculate about the spacetime description due to the presence of
Lorentzian wormholes (handles in spacetime joining two distant regions or other
universes) in quantum gravity. The semiclassical rate of production of these
Lorentzian wormholes in Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetimes is calculated as a
result of the spontaneous decay of vacuum due to a real tunneling
configuration. In the magnetic case it only depends on the field theoretical
fine structure constant. We predict that the quantum probability corresponding
to the nucleation of such geodesically complete spacetimes should be actually
negligible in our physical Universe
Bohm and Einstein-Sasaki Metrics, Black Holes and Cosmological Event Horizons
We study physical applications of the Bohm metrics, which are infinite
sequences of inhomogeneous Einstein metrics on spheres and products of spheres
of dimension 5 <= d <= 9. We prove that all the Bohm metrics on S^3 x S^2 and
S^3 x S^3 have negative eigenvalue modes of the Lichnerowicz operator and by
numerical methods we establish that Bohm metrics on S^5 have negative
eigenvalues too. We argue that all the Bohm metrics will have negative modes.
These results imply that higher-dimensional black-hole spacetimes where the
Bohm metric replaces the usual round sphere metric are classically unstable. We
also show that the stability criterion for Freund-Rubin solutions is the same
as for black-hole stability, and hence such solutions using Bohm metrics will
also be unstable. We consider possible endpoints of the instabilities, and show
that all Einstein-Sasaki manifolds give stable solutions. We show how Wick
rotation of Bohm metrics gives spacetimes that provide counterexamples to a
strict form of the Cosmic Baldness conjecture, but they are still consistent
with the intuition behind the cosmic No-Hair conjectures. We show how the
Lorentzian metrics may be created ``from nothing'' in a no-boundary setting. We
argue that Lorentzian Bohm metrics are unstable to decay to de Sitter
spacetime. We also argue that noncompact versions of the Bohm metrics have
infinitely many negative Lichernowicz modes, and we conjecture a general
relation between Lichnerowicz eigenvalues and non-uniqueness of the Dirichlet
problem for Einstein's equations.Comment: 53 pages, 11 figure
Nucleating Black Holes via Non-Orientable Instantons
We extend the analysis of black hole pair creation to include non- orientable
instantons. We classify these instantons in terms of their fundamental
symmetries and orientations. Many of these instantons admit the pin structure
which corresponds to the fermions actually observed in nature, and so the
natural objection that these manifolds do not admit spin structure may not be
relevant. Furthermore, we analyse the thermodynamical properties of
non-orientable black holes and find that in the non-extreme case, there are
interesting modifications of the usual formulae for temperature and entropy.Comment: 27 pages LaTeX, minor typos are correcte
Generalized Killing equations and Taub-NUT spinning space
The generalized Killing equations for the configuration space of spinning
particles (spinning space) are analysed. Simple solutions of the homogeneous
part of these equations are expressed in terms of Killing-Yano tensors. The
general results are applied to the case of the four-dimensional euclidean
Taub-NUT manifold.Comment: 10 pages, late
Stationary Black Holes with Static and Counterrotating Horizons
We show that rotating dyonic black holes with static and counterrotating
horizon exist in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory when the dilaton coupling
constant exceeds the Kaluza-Klein value. The black holes with static horizon
bifurcate from the static black holes. Their mass decreases with increasing
angular momentum, their horizons are prolate.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Charged Dilaton Black Holes with a Cosmological Constant
The properties of static spherically symmetric black holes, which are either
electrically or magnetically charged, and which are coupled to the dilaton in
the presence of a cosmological constant, are considered. It is shown that such
solutions do not exist if the cosmological constant is positive (in arbitrary
spacetime dimension >= 4). However, asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole
solutions with a single horizon do exist if the cosmological constant is
negative. These solutions are studied numerically in four dimensions and the
thermodynamic properties of the solutions are derived. The extreme solutions
are found to have zero entropy and infinite temperature for all non-zero values
of the dilaton coupling constant.Comment: 12 pages, epsf, phyzzx, 4 in-text figures incl. (minor typos fixed, 1
reference added
Thermal Analyzer for Planetary Soil (TAPS): an in Situ Instrument for Mineral and Volatile-element Measurements
Thermal Analyzer for Planetary Soil (TAPS) offers a specific implementation for the generic thermal analyzer/evolved-gas analyzer (TA/EGA) function included in the Mars Environmental Survey (MESUR) strawman payload; applications to asteroids and comets are also possible. The baseline TAPS is a single-sample differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), backed by a capacitive-polymer humidity sensor, with an integrated sampling mechanism. After placement on a planetary surface, TAPS acquires 10-50 mg of soil or sediment and heats the sample from ambient temperature to 1000-1300 K. During heating, DSC data are taken for the solid and evolved gases are swept past the water sensor. Through ground based data analysis, multicomponent DSC data are deconvolved and correlated with the water release profile to quantitatively determine the types and relative proportions of volatile-bearing minerals such as clays and other hydrates, carbonates, and nitrates. The rapid-response humidity sensors also achieve quantitative analysis of total water. After conclusion of soil-analysis operations, the humidity sensors become available for meteorology. The baseline design fits within a circular-cylindrical volume less than 1000 cm(sup 3), occupies 1.2 kg mass, and consumes about 2 Whr of power per analysis. Enhanced designs would acquire and analyze multiple samples and employ additional microchemical sensors for analysis of CO2, SO2, NO(x), and other gaseous species. Atmospheric pumps are also being considered as alternatives to pressurized purge gas
The Decay of Magnetic Fields in Kaluza-Klein Theory
Magnetic fields in five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory compactified on a
circle correspond to ``twisted'' identifications of five dimensional Minkowski
space. We show that a five dimensional generalisation of the Kerr solution can
be analytically continued to construct an instanton that gives rise to two
possible decay modes of a magnetic field. One decay mode is the generalisation
of the ``bubble decay" of the Kaluza-Klein vacuum described by Witten. The
other decay mode, rarer for weak fields, corresponds in four dimensions to the
creation of monopole-anti-monopole pairs. An instanton for the latter process
is already known and is given by the analytic continuation of the \KK\ Ernst
metric, which we show is identical to the five dimensional Kerr solution. We
use this fact to illuminate further properties of the decay process. It appears
that fundamental fermions can eliminate the bubble decay of the magnetic field,
while allowing the pair production of Kaluza-Klein monopoles.Comment: 25 pages, one figure. The discussion of fermions has been revised: We
show how fundamental fermions can eliminate the bubble-type instability but
still allow pair creation of monopole
Laboratory and Field Studies of Oyster Larvae Settlement on Three Substrates, Oyster Shell, Tire Chips, and Expanded Shale, and the Relative Mobility of the Three Substrates
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