Simple to be Useful: Ecosystem Base for Coastal Management

Os processos de Gerenciamento Costeiro (GC) nas últimas décadas vêm evoluindo, apresentando diferentes métodos de gestão, sendo que uma nova fronteira se encontra na Gestão com Base Ecossistêmica (GBE). No entanto, para colocar em prática a GBE, a qual leva em consideração as funções, os processos e os serviços ecossistêmicos dos ambientes costeiros e marinhos, entendendo-os como um conjunto de ecossistemas compostos por elementos ecológicos (naturais), econômicos e sociais, se faz necessária a base de informação ecossistêmica. O presente trabalho propõe, apresentando resultados aplicados, um roteiro metodológico de seis etapas: 1. Identificar os ecossistemas como “Unidades de Gestão”; 2. Mapear, modelar e simular os ecossistemas; 3. Identificar e classificar os serviços ecossistêmicos; 4. Definir os valores e a qualidade dos serviços; 5. Identificar os espaços de gestão; e 6. Integrar com políticas e demais instrumentos de gestão e legais. As aplicações práticas apresentadas vão desde trabalhos acadêmicos de identificação e caracterização de ambientes costeiros e marinhos a aplicações nos processos de gestão ambiental portuários, passando também pelo desenvolvimento de Zoneamentos Ecológico-Econômicos (ZEEs) em nível regional, por exemplo. Na apreciação integral do conjunto de exemplos e iniciativas para todas as etapas do modelo, depreende-se que a sua aplicação é ampla, variada e consideravelmente simples. Da mesma forma, a multiplicidade de possíveis aplicações do modelo em ações voltadas ao suporte de uma GBE sugere que seu uso pode crescer e buscar iniciativas inovadoras. A expectativa dos autores é de que tal ferramenta possa, de fato, delinear e estimular pesquisas e aplicações com base ecossistêmica na busca da sustentabilidade da costa e do bem-estar de seus atores sociais.In the last decades Coastal Management (CM) processes have been evolving, presenting different management methods, and the new frontier is at the so-called Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). However, to put into practice EBM, which takes into account ecosystem functions, processes and services of coastal and marine environments, understanding them as a set of ecosystems composed of ecological (natural), economic and social elements, it is necessary an ecosystem-based information. The present work proposes, presenting practical results, a methodological path of six stages: 1. Identification of ecosystems as "Management Units"; 2. Mapping, modeling and simulating ecosystems and their connections; 3. Identification and classification of ecosystem services; 4. Definition of values and quality of services; 5. Identification of related management procedures; and 6. Integration with policies and other management and legal tools. The concrete applications range from academic studies of identification and characterization of coastal and marine environments, to port’s environmental management processes, and the development of ecological-economic zoning at regional level, for example. In the full appreciation of the set of examples and initiatives for all stages of the model, it can be concluded that its application is wide, varied and considerably simple. Likewise, the multiplicity of possible applications of the model in practical actions aimed to support of an EBM, suggests that its use can grow and pursue innovative initiatives. The authors' expectation is that such a tool may, in fact, delineate and stimulate research and applications based on ecosystems in the quest for the sustainability of the coast and the well-being of its social actors

GIS analysis of landscape changes in environments adjacent to pinus forests in district of Estreito, São José do Norte, Brazil

Submitted by Thainã Moraes ([email protected]) on 2013-01-16T01:12:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 analise em um sistema.pdf: 3004047 bytes, checksum: 026a5dd7cc78bda40c75fc6d7d8ade98 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Michele Fernanda([email protected]) on 2013-02-28T17:29:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 analise em um sistema.pdf: 3004047 bytes, checksum: 026a5dd7cc78bda40c75fc6d7d8ade98 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-28T17:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analise em um sistema.pdf: 3004047 bytes, checksum: 026a5dd7cc78bda40c75fc6d7d8ade98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Localizado em uma extensa restinga litorânea na região costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, o município de São José do Norte caracteriza-se por apresentar uma das menores densidades demográficas do Estado e uma economia baseada na silvicultura, agricultura e na pesca. A retração do setor agrícola e pesqueiro a partir da década de 70 e a desvalorização das propriedades rurais resultaram em condições propícias para a expansão do setor florestal, representado principalmente pela exploração de pinus. Na região do Distrito do Estreito a maioria dos plantios em grande escala foi estabelecida sobre planícies arenosas próximas à praia. Foram analisados em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas dois cenários (1964 e 2007) e, a partir da elaboração de mapas temáticos e análise ambiental, constatou-se que os florestamentos de pinus quando implantados próximos à praia, podem ser responsáveis por alterações na dinâmica de ambientes costeiros como dunas, brejos úmidos, banhados, lagoas e campos. Na área de estudo, as plantações de pinus ocupam 1.581 hectares, estabelecidas sobre dunas transgressivas e brejos úmidos. Esses plantios próximos ao sistema de dunas podem ter interferido no processo de migração de dunas transgressivas em direção as lagoas e banhados, e também, barrado o transporte eólico lateral que alimentava planícies arenosas localizadas ao Sul da área de estudo, onde atualmente ocorrem brejos úmidos. O efeito de barreira causado pelos plantios pode ter resultado no represamento das águas do sistema de lagoas do Estreito, diminuindo o número de sangradouros. Essas alterações interferem nos processos naturais e podem causar a homogeneização da paisagem, fragmentação de habitat e perda de biodiversidade. Os resultados desse estudo podem contribuir para a gestão dos recursos naturais nas zonas costeiras. A identificação das alterações na paisagem caudas por intervenções antrópicas e a análise da dinâmica dos ambientes alterados pode servir de subsídio para o pranejamento das atividades e o manejo sustentável da áreas naturais.Located in a long and narrow sandy spit in the coastal zone of Rio Grande do Sul state, the city of São José do Norte is characterized as having one of the lowest demographic density rates in the state, with the economy being based on silviculture, agriculture, and fishing. The decline of agricultural and fishing sectors in the 70’s and the devaluing of rural properties have resulted in perfect conditions for the expansion of the forestry sector, mainly represented by pinus harvesting. Such activity plays an important role in the city’s socioeconomy, employing over half of the labor force and contributing with 73% of its GDP. The Estreito region is quite diverse in ecological and environmental aspects. It presents a rich mosaic of environments formed by an important system of coastal lagoons, marshes, native forests, fields, humid slacks, dunes, beaches, and extensive pine forest. Most large-scale pine plantations have been established on sandy plains near the beach, and may be responsible for changes in environmental dynamics. The population increase, the settlement of significant urban centers, industries, portuary complex, the development of agriculture and fishing are historic features observed along the coastal areas worldwide. In recent decades, the pressure of use of coastal resources has increased significantly, which increased the conflicts of land use. This situation has led governments to invest more in programs for integrated coastal management (GCI) as a way to sustainably management. The landscape changes resulting from the interference of pine forests in the natural environment on study area, were analyzed in a GIS. The database for this study consisted of aerial photographs at scale 1:60.000 held in 1964, and a digital satellite image Landsat 5 TM, orbit point-221_082, spatial resolution of 30 m, 26/05/2007. Aerial photographs were scanned with 600 dpi resolution, grayscale 8 bit color and stored in bitmap (bmp). After processing and editing of aerial photographs and Landsat image, we constructed a mosaic of aerial photographs that represented the area of interest. All images were georeferenced using Resample module of IDRISI ANDES GIS, which performs a systematic transformation that gently “adjust” the image based on the known locations of a set of ground control points or using a georeferenced image base. Georeferencing was based on the SAD 69 datum, UTM projection system, observing the Cartographic Accuracy Standard (PEC). With two georeferenced images of study area (1964 mosaic and 2007 LANDSAT image ), a both were cut in the same proportions to make them exactly the same number of rows and columns and same spatial resolution. With the photo-interpretation and recognition of classes of landscape in field trips, the images was classified with the Cartalinx software. Were defined land use classes mapped in both situations (1964 and 2007). With the images properly scanned and georeferenced, conducted the analysis in the GIS IDRISI, where tools to reclassification and cross-examination, it was possible to analyze the time-space variation between different use classes mapped to the two situations analyzed (Map 1 - 1964 and Map 2 - 2007). The changes were quantified in acres and calculated data for GIS and digitally represented in tables. Examining landscape changes in study area using a GIS, it was found that the plantations near the beach may interfere with environments dynamic and characterization of the area where they are deployed. distribution of coastal creeks, contention of mobile dunes, habitat fragmentation, and biodiversity loss. The pinus forests occupy 1,581 hectares, mainly established over transgressive dunes and humid slacks. Approximately 1,500 hectares of Transgressive dunes and humid slacks were completely removed by these plantations, resulting in decreased of fauna and flora eradication. Those forests near the dune system may have interfered with the migration process of transgressive dunes towards lagoons and wetlands as well as blocked lateral aeolian transport which fed sandy plains located further South, where humid slacks currently are found. The barrier formed by the forests may have dammed up the waters in the Estreito lagoon system, thus reducing the number of coastal creeks. The same hipotesys made for increasing the level of the lagoons may be related to the marshes, wich are associated with the lagoon system and showed a significant increase in their area. Significant changes were observed in other environments, probably resulting from the interference of pine forest in the natural processes of coastal dynamics, such as transport wind, water flow and ecological succession. The results achieved have great relevance to coastal management and aims to contribute to the management of the activities according to its aptitude and restriction areas, thus fostering a more effective and sustainable management

Análise em um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) das alterações na paisagem em ambientes adjacentes a plantios de pinus no Distrito do Estreito, município de São José do Norte, Brasil

Localizado em uma extensa restinga litorânea na região costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, o município de São José do Norte caracteriza-se por apresentar uma das menores densidades demográficas do Estado e uma economia baseada na silvicultura, agricultura e na pesca. A retração do setor agrícola e pesqueiro a partir da década de 70 e a desvalorização das propriedades rurais resultaram em condições propícias para a expansão do setor florestal, representado principalmente pela exploração de pinus. Na região do Distrito do Estreito a maioria dos plantios em grande escala foi estabelecida sobre planícies arenosas próximas à praia. Foram analisados em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas dois cenários (1964 e 2007) e, a partir da elaboração de mapas temáticos e análise ambiental, constatou-se que os florestamentos de pinus quando implantados próximos à praia, podem ser responsáveis por alterações na dinâmica de ambientes costeiros como dunas, brejos úmidos, banhados, lagoas e campos. Na área de estudo, as plantações de pinus ocupam 1.581 hectares, estabelecidas sobre dunas transgressivas e brejos úmidos. Esses plantios próximos ao sistema de dunas podem ter interferido no processo de migração de dunas transgressivas em direção as lagoas e banhados, e também, barrado o transporte eólico lateral que alimentava planícies arenosas localizadas ao Sul da área de estudo, onde atualmente ocorrem brejos úmidos. O efeito de barreira causado pelos plantios pode ter resultado no represamento das águas do sistema de lagoas do Estreito, diminuindo o número de sangradouros. Essas alterações interferem nos processos naturais e podem causar a homogeneização da paisagem, fragmentação de habitat e perda de biodiversidade. Os resultados desse estudo podem contribuir para a gestão dos recursos naturais nas zonas costeiras. A identificação das alterações na paisagem caudas por intervenções antrópicas e a análise da dinâmica dos ambientes alterados pode servir de subsídio para o pranejamento das atividades e o manejo sustentável da áreas naturais.Located in a long and narrow sandy spit in the coastal zone of Rio Grande do Sul state, the city of São José do Norte is characterized as having one of the lowest demographic density rates in the state, with the economy being based on silviculture, agriculture, and fishing. The decline of agricultural and fishing sectors in the 70’s and the devaluing of rural properties have resulted in perfect conditions for the expansion of the forestry sector, mainly represented by pinus harvesting. Such activity plays an important role in the city’s socioeconomy, employing over half of the labor force and contributing with 73% of its GDP. The Estreito region is quite diverse in ecological and environmental aspects. It presents a rich mosaic of environments formed by an important system of coastal lagoons, marshes, native forests, fields, humid slacks, dunes, beaches, and extensive pine forest. Most large-scale pine plantations have been established on sandy plains near the beach, and may be responsible for changes in environmental dynamics. The population increase, the settlement of significant urban centers, industries, portuary complex, the development of agriculture and fishing are historic features observed along the coastal areas worldwide. In recent decades, the pressure of use of coastal resources has increased significantly, which increased the conflicts of land use. This situation has led governments to invest more in programs for integrated coastal management (GCI) as a way to sustainably management. The landscape changes resulting from the interference of pine forests in the natural environment on study area, were analyzed in a GIS. The database for this study consisted of aerial photographs at scale 1:60.000 held in 1964, and a digital satellite image Landsat 5 TM, orbit point-221_082, spatial resolution of 30 m, 26/05/2007. Aerial photographs were scanned with 600 dpi resolution, grayscale 8 bit color and stored in bitmap (bmp). After processing and editing of aerial photographs and Landsat image, we constructed a mosaic of aerial photographs that represented the area of interest. All images were georeferenced using Resample module of IDRISI ANDES GIS, which performs a systematic transformation that gently “adjust” the image based on the known locations of a set of ground control points or using a georeferenced image base. Georeferencing was based on the SAD 69 datum, UTM projection system, observing the Cartographic Accuracy Standard (PEC). With two georeferenced images of study area (1964 mosaic and 2007 LANDSAT image ), a both were cut in the same proportions to make them exactly the same number of rows and columns and same spatial resolution. With the photo-interpretation and recognition of classes of landscape in field trips, the images was classified with the Cartalinx software. Were defined land use classes mapped in both situations (1964 and 2007). With the images properly scanned and georeferenced, conducted the analysis in the GIS IDRISI, where tools to reclassification and cross-examination, it was possible to analyze the time-space variation between different use classes mapped to the two situations analyzed (Map 1 - 1964 and Map 2 - 2007). The changes were quantified in acres and calculated data for GIS and digitally represented in tables. Examining landscape changes in study area using a GIS, it was found that the plantations near the beach may interfere with environments dynamic and characterization of the area where they are deployed. distribution of coastal creeks, contention of mobile dunes, habitat fragmentation, and biodiversity loss. The pinus forests occupy 1,581 hectares, mainly established over transgressive dunes and humid slacks. Approximately 1,500 hectares of Transgressive dunes and humid slacks were completely removed by these plantations, resulting in decreased of fauna and flora eradication. Those forests near the dune system may have interfered with the migration process of transgressive dunes towards lagoons and wetlands as well as blocked lateral aeolian transport which fed sandy plains located further South, where humid slacks currently are found. The barrier formed by the forests may have dammed up the waters in the Estreito lagoon system, thus reducing the number of coastal creeks. The same hipotesys made for increasing the level of the lagoons may be related to the marshes, wich are associated with the lagoon system and showed a significant increase in their area. Significant changes were observed in other environments, probably resulting from the interference of pine forest in the natural processes of coastal dynamics, such as transport wind, water flow and ecological succession. The results achieved have great relevance to coastal management and aims to contribute to the management of the activities according to its aptitude and restriction areas, thus fostering a more effective and sustainable management

Systems Approach: A Shortcut to the Ocean We Want

The ocean is a unique system connecting ecological, economic, social, and cultural components, through which goods and services regulate the planetary condition and support the development of mankind. However, its increasing use has followed the exponential growth of the global economic system, outpacing humanity’s ability to develop the knowledge necessary to establish a basis for its proper use. Hence, there is an added perception that our necessary knowledge about the functioning of the ocean for its appropriate planning and management, advances at a slow pace, with which the ocean would be losing quality and sustainability. Systemic views of the ocean tend to highlight dominant components and processes instead of structural details, establishing a quality shortcut to the knowledge where society can understand current and future ocean conditions. To achieve the desired ocean health and sustainability, we propose the formation of a base of knowledge of the marine and coastal environments, capable of supporting best practices and policies for planning and management. We drew from the interdisciplinary research developed by the Brazilian research group “Ecosystem-Based Marine and Coastal Management (Eco-MCM), ” which has been developing projects based on three fundamental steps: (1) systemic analysis of the marine and coastal environments, highlighting their ecosystems, ecosystem services, social and economic benefits produced by the services and the stakeholders benefited; (2) modeling of the studied systems, and (3) propositional phase to incorporate models to support the practices and policies for their planning, management, and governance. As such, they are aligned with the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) challenges and outcomes

Simples para ser útil: base ecossistêmica para o gerenciamento costeiro

Os processos de Gerenciamento Costeiro (GC) nas últimas décadas vêm evoluindo, apresentando diferentes métodos de gestão, sendo que uma nova fronteira se encontra na Gestão com Base Ecossistêmica (GBE). No entanto, para colocar em prática a GBE, a qual leva em consideração as funções, os processos e os serviços ecossistêmicos dos ambientes costeiros e marinhos, entendendo-os como um conjunto de ecossistemas compostos por elementos ecológicos (naturais), econômicos e sociais, se faz necessária a base de informação ecossistêmica. O presente trabalho propõe, apresentando resultados aplicados, um roteiro metodológico de seis etapas: 1. Identificar os ecossistemas como “Unidades de Gestão”; 2. Mapear, modelar e simular os ecossistemas; 3. Identificar e classificar os serviços ecossistêmicos; 4. Definir os valores e a qualidade dos serviços; 5. Identificar os espaços de gestão; e 6. Integrar com políticas e demais instrumentos de gestão e legais. As aplicações práticas apresentadas vão desde trabalhos acadêmicos de identificação e caracterização de ambientes costeiros e marinhos a aplicações nos processos de gestão ambiental portuários, passando também pelo desenvolvimento de Zoneamentos Ecológico-Econômicos (ZEEs) em nível regional, por exemplo. Na apreciação integral do conjunto de exemplos e iniciativas para todas as etapas do modelo, depreende-se que a sua aplicação é ampla, variada e consideravelmente simples. Da mesma forma, a multiplicidade de possíveis aplicações do modelo em ações voltadas ao suporte de uma GBE sugere que seu uso pode crescer e buscar iniciativas inovadoras. A expectativa dos autores é de que tal ferramenta possa, de fato, delinear e estimular pesquisas e aplicações com base ecossistêmica na busca da sustentabilidade da costa e do bem-estar de seus atores sociais.In the last decades Coastal Management (CM) processes have been evolving, presenting different management methods, and the new frontier is at the so-called Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). However, to put into practice EBM, which takes into account ecosystem functions, processes and services of coastal and marine environments, understanding them as a set of ecosystems composed of ecological (natural), economic and social elements, it is necessary an ecosystem-based information. The present work proposes, presenting practical results, a methodological path of six stages: 1. Identification of ecosystems as "Management Units"; 2. Mapping, modeling and simulating ecosystems and their connections; 3. Identification and classification of ecosystem services; 4. Definition of values and quality of services; 5. Identification of related management procedures; and 6. Integration with policies and other management and legal tools. The concrete applications range from academic studies of identification and characterization of coastal and marine environments, to port’s environmental management processes, and the development of ecological-economic zoning at regional level, for example. In the full appreciation of the set of examples and initiatives for all stages of the model, it can be concluded that its application is wide, varied and considerably simple. Likewise, the multiplicity of possible applications of the model in practical actions aimed to support of an EBM, suggests that its use can grow and pursue innovative initiatives. The authors' expectation is that such a tool may, in fact, delineate and stimulate research and applications based on ecosystems in the quest for the sustainability of the coast and the well-being of its social actors

Base de dados da inundação na Região da Lagoa dos Patos em Maio de 2024

Este é o banco de dados da inundação na Região da Lagoa dos Patos em Maio de 2024, ainda em curso no Rio Grande do Sul. Observações importantes: 1. Existem dados nos formatos shp, csv, kml, qgz e gpkg. 2. As principais camadas são de manchas de inundação simuladas para cotas de 1,70, 2,73, e 3,50 metros; além de pontos de suporte importantes para atividades de resgates e gestão da crise. 3. A lista de autores está em construção, bem como a própria base de dados