Axel Honneth: L'idea di socialismo. Un sogno necessario, Feltrinelli, Milano 2016

Per i testi pubblicati nella sezione Note non è richiesto l'abstract

Byung-Chul Han, Psicopolitica. Il neoliberalismo e le nuove tecniche del potere, Nottetempo 2016

Per i testi pubblicati nella sezione Recensioni non è richiesto l'abstract

Note sulla nozione di “dialettica” in Lenin

In Lenin’s works, Dialectics means a) scientific method and b) historical process. Diverging from the metaphysical method and from the reactionary doctrinarianism of non-dialectical Socialists, Marxist materialist Dialectics is a critical and historical-concrete analysis of the living contradictions animating conflicts between social classes: an omnilateral reason, opposed to the eclectic unilaterality of formal logic. Dialectics as Marxist theory of knowledge identifies the causes of historical process in the conflicting unity of elements contradicting each others. Social evolution is not a gradual transformation from simple to complex: quite the contrary, the historical development of social life is dialectic, because it is driven by objective contradictions between classes, revolutionary leaps, and laws conditioning the individual way of being. Keywords: Dialectic, scientific method, historical process, living contradiction, omnilateral reasoning

Il Debate metamatematico: un nuovo approccio orientato alla metacognizione per la didattica della matematica

This paper aims to illustrate the metamathematical debate (MMD) model as a new approach to metacognition-oriented mathematics teaching. Firstly, after having defined and characterized the debate methodology, we clarify the main questions that its application to mathematics as a discipline raises, such as the rôle of argumentation and dialectical interaction, and thenecessity of lato sensu metamathematical questions, which allow to discuss how and why we do what we do in our mathematics class. Secondly, we propose three possible approaches to metamathematical debate, which we call ‘worst error’, ‘comparative analysis’, ‘best explanation’. Such approaches address some well-known issues of mathematics teaching, namely: overcoming the correct answer compromise; refining fundamental skills of mathematical literacy and competence; also, they enquire into the explanatory capacity of a proof. Finally, after having shown the feasibility and functionality of this social-constructivist model, illustrating some peculiarities of the format and providing concrete examples of implementation, we observe that metamathematical debate allows, better than other strategies, to renegotiate the didactic contract towards            a-didactical situations suitable for teaching productive mathematical skills, such as problem-solving and argumentation, whose learning is influenced by metacognitive, linguistic and affective factors. L’articolo vuole illustrare il modello del debate metamatematico come nuovo approccio, orientato alla metacognizione, per l’insegnamento della metamatematica. Innanzi tutto, dopo aver definito e caratterizzato la metodologia del debate, chiariamo i problemi principali che la sua applicazione alla matematica come disciplina solleva, quali il ruolo dell’argomentazione e della interazione dialettica, e la necessità di questioni metamatematiche lato sensu, che consentono di discutere come e perché facciamo ciò che facciamo nelle nostre classi di matematica. In secondo luogo, proponiamo tre possibili approcci al debate metamatematico, che chiamiamo ‘errore peggiore’, ‘analisi comparativa’, ‘spiegazione migliore’. Tali approcci affrontano alcune questioni ben note della didattica della matematica: ossia, il superamento del compromesso delle risposte corrette; migliorare le competenze e l’alfabetizzazione matematica di base; inoltre, indagano sulla capacità esplicativa di una prova. Infine, dopo aver mostrato la fattibilità e la funzionalità di questo modello socio-costruttivista, illustrando alcune peculiarità del format e fornendo esempi concreti di attuazione, osserviamo che il debate metamatematico consente, meglio di altre strategie, di rinegoziare il contratto didattico verso situazioni a-didattiche adatte all’insegnamento di abilità matematiche produttive, come la risoluzione di problemi e l’argomentazione, il cui apprendimento è influenzato da fattori metacognitivi, linguistici e affettivi

The Pandora’s box: Morphological diversity within the genus Amphiglena Claparède, 1864 (Sabellidae, Annelida) in the Mediterranean Sea, with description of nine new species

in the Mediterranean Sea has been widely underestimated. Examined material derived from both new collections along the Italian coast, including four CO2 vents/hydrothermal systems, and from a re-examination of older material previously attributed to A. mediterranera (Leydig, 1851) which was so far the only species of the genus reported for the Mediterranean area. The analysis revealed the presence of different taxa also consistent with a previous molecular analysis conducted on material from the Gulf of Naples and the Salento coast (Ionian Sea). This led to an increase in the number of species in the genus and to highlight the occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea of a high diversity within the genus. A key to the Mediterranean Sea species of Amphiglena is also provided. Some taxa, however, remain for the moment undescribed due to the poor preservation of the old material, and the lack of the type material for this taxon. A major revision of all the Mediterranean material previously attributed to A. mediterranea from both morphological and molecular points of view is needed

. Ecological role and phylogenetic position of a new habitat-forming species (Canalipalpata, Sabellidae) from the Mediterranean mesophotic soft-bottoms

This study presents a description of Bispira riccardi sp. nov., a new habitat-forming sabellid polychaete from the mesophotic NW Mediterranean Sea. Individuals, up to 20 cm long, show a peculiar morphology of radioles, thoracic uncini, companion chaetae and ventral shield of the collar. The phylogenetic position of this new taxon in the genus Bispira has been validated using nuclear (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial (COI) markers. Aggregations of B. riccardi sp. nov. were found by ROV on horizontal muddy bottoms between 56 and 85 m, in areas subjected to high trophic inputs. Patches are fragmented and dense (up to 943 individuals m 2) probably accounting for various hectares. A 5-days continuous monitoring, carried out using an autonomous lander, revealed that the contraction of the branchial crown was positively affected by temperature and current, rapidly responding to meteorological events. The filtering activity and high density of these fields suggest a considerable impact on the pelagic-benthic coupling and the amount of organic matter in the sediments. Indeed, meiofaunal abundance and diversity within the aggregations resulted significantly higher than in outer stations. These findings highlight the undisclosed potential of the deep Mediterranean Sea for sabellid diversity and their importance as habitat-forming species on mesophotic soft bottoms

The Evolution of the Notion of Comparatio in the Dialectical Works of Valla, Agricola, and Vives

This paper provides an account of the evolution of the notion of comparatio in the main dialectical works of Valla, Agricola, and Vives. It highlights the elements of continuity and discontinuity and sheds light on the original contributions of Vives’s treatment. In Valla, Agricola and Vives, the notion of comparatio characterizes: a) the locus of the relation to another in the inventio method; b) the cognitive act through which one can grasp the relationships of similarity and difference between concepts; c) the epistemic method for weighing the degree of plausibility of probable arguments. The paper also shows how Vives enhances the role of comparatio within dialectical art. Firstly, he attributes a pre-eminent position to the locus of the comparatio by virtue of the transversality of its application to all the other loci. Secondly, he identifies the explanation of the key concept of syllogism in the act of compering two sentences with a third. Finally, he finds the essence of the disputatio in the method of comparing equally probable contradictory arguments. This can rightly be considered an innovative element of the Vivesian dialectical treatment with respect to the most advanced European humanist movement of the first decades of the sixteenth century

New combinations of two Pseudobranchiomma species (Annelida: Sabellidae): The difficulty in establishing a boundary layer among genera within the Sabellinae

Due to the presence of companion chaetae on the thoracic notopodia, a feature unnoticed on the material of the original description, the species Pseudobranchiomma tarantoensis (Knight-Jones ; Giangrande, 2003) and P. marmarensis (cinar ; Gi-angrande, 2018) are here transferred to different genera; the former to the genus Sabella Linnaeus, 1767 and the latter to Bispira Kroyer, 1856. A discussion on the boundary existing among the genera belonging to the clade Sabellinae is made, underlying the importance of the thoracic uncini shape, which shows consistency with species separation from a molecular point of view

Predictive value of resistive index in graft survival after kidney transplant.

INTRODUCTION: The intrarenal resistance index (RI) is a calculated parameter for the assessment of the status of the graft during the follow-up ultrasound of the transplanted kidney. Currently it is still unclear the predictive value of RI, also in function of the time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively investigated the correlation between the RI and the graft survival (GS) and the overall survival (OS) after transplantation. We evaluated 268 patients transplanted between 2003 and 2011, the mean followup was 73 months (12-136). The RI was evaluated at 8 days, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years. The ROC analysis was used to calculate the predictive value of RI and the Kaplan Mayer curves was used to evaluated the OS and PS. RESULTS: The ROC analysis, correlated to the GS, identified a value of RI equal to 0.75 as a cut-off. All patients was stratified according to the RI at 8 days (RI ≤ 0,75: 212 vs RI > 0.75: 56), at 6 months (RI ≤ 0.75: 237 vs RI > 0.75: 31), at 1 year (RI ≤ 0.75: 229 vs RI > 0.75: 39) and at 3 years (RI ≤ 0.75: 224 vs RI > 0.75: 44). The RI showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in favor of those who had an RI ≤ 0.75 only at 8 days and at 6 moths (p = 0.0078 and p = 0.02 to 8 days to 6 months) on the GS. On the contrary, we observed that the RI estimated at 1 year and 3 years has not correlated with the GS. The same RI cut-off was correlate with PS after transplantation. We observed that there are no correlations between the RI and OS. CONCLUSIONS: The RI proved to be a good prognostic factor on survival organ when it was evaluated in the first months of follow- up after transplantation. This parameter does not appear, however, correlate with OS of the transplanted subject