Investigation of presence different surfactant on morphologies of PbTe nanostructures

PbTe nanostructures were prepared by a hydrothermal method on presence of different surfactant. Results show that in constant condition by changing the capping agent the morphology of as-obtained PbTe were revolutionize PbTe nanostructures show a strong photoluminescence peak at 402 nm at room temperature, also optical absorption spectrum of PbTe nanostructures exhibit an extreme blue-shift, which is attributed to the quantum confinement of charge carriers in the nanostructures. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-produced PbTe nanostructures

Investigation of presence different surfactant on morphologies of PbTe nanostructures

PbTe nanostructures were prepared by a hydrothermal method on presence of different surfactant. Results show that in constant condition by changing the capping agent the morphology of as-obtained PbTe were revolutionize PbTe nanostructures show a strong photoluminescence peak at 402 nm at room temperature, also optical absorption spectrum of PbTe nanostructures exhibit an extreme blue-shift, which is attributed to the quantum confinement of charge carriers in the nanostructures. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-produced PbTe nanostructures

The effectiveness of mindfulness–based cognitive therapy on interpretation bias and dysfunctional attitude in suffering disorder comorbidity social anxiety and depression

زمینه و هدف: همبودی اضطراب اجتماعی- افسردگی از شایع ترین مشکلات نوجوانان محسوب می شود که پیامدهای مخربی برای آنان دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر بخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر میزان سوگیری تعبیر و نگرش ناکارآمد در مبتلایان به اختلال همبودی اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی بود. روش بررسی: روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع طرح نیمه تجربی با پیش آزمون- پس آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه دانش آموزان دختر دوره متوسطه اول و دوم مبتلا به اختلال همبودی اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی شهر خرم آباد می باشد که به منظور اجرای پژوهش غربالگری انجام گرفت که ابتدا 437 شرکت کننده با دامنه سنی 14 تا 17 سال، پرسشنامه اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی را تکمیل نمودند که از میان آن ها 30 نفر دارای اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی همراه بالا (یک انحراف معیار بالاتر از میانگین گروه) انتخاب گردید، سپس 30 نفر منتخب با انتساب تصادفی به 2 گروه 15 نفری آزمایش و گواه تقسیم شدند. گروه آزمایش 8 جلسه 2ساعته (هفته­ای یک جلسه) به صورت گروهی تحت آموزش MBCT قرار گرفتند. بعد از اتمام جلسات، هر دو گروه به پرسشنامه های تعبیر و نگرش ناکارآمد پاسخ دادند. یافته ها: در گروه آزمایش کاهش معنی داری در سوگیری تعبیر مربوط به خود، سوگیری تعبیر مربوط به دیگران (001/0>P) و نگرش ناکارآمد (05/0>P) بعد از دریافت آموزش مشاهده شد. ضمن اینکه نتایج در مرحله پیگیری نیز حفظ شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصله، آموزش های مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی برای کاهش میزان سوگیری تعبیر و نگرش ناکارآمد در مبتلایان به اختلال همبودی اضطراب اجتماعی و افسردگی توصیه می شود

Ultrasound-accelerated synthesis of uniform SrMnO3 nanoparticles as water-oxidizing catalysts for water splitting systems

One of the major issue in the 21st century is the humans request to green energy. The best form of green, sustainable and safe energy is hydrogen source due to its ecological and economical aspects. Herein, In order to obtain a highly water-oxidizing catalysts for water splitting systems, the sonochemical procedure applied for fabrication of practical SrMnO3 nanoparticles. Also, the influence of various green capping agents (fruit juices and vegetable wastes) was studied on the formation of uniform particles. In the present work ultrasonic probe with 60 W/cm2 intensity and 18 kHz frequency was used for sample synthesis. Further, catalytic behavior of these nanomaterials investigated in water splitting reaction for O2 evolution by modifying the operational variables. The best catalytic behavior observed by those nanoparticles that indicated the smallest size and the most uniform morphology (Max amount of TON = 7.556). By utilizing the ultrasonic irradiation, the catalytic behavior of SrMnO3 nanoparticles improved (TON (ultrasonic bath) = 8.430, TON (ultrasonic probe) = 11.315). Therefore, nano-SrMnO3 was introduced as an efficient and novel nanocatalyst for O2 evolution reaction. © 2019 Elsevier B.V

Respiratory Hypoalgesia? The effect of slow deep breathing on electrocutaneous, thermal, and mechanical pain

The aim of the study reported in this paper is to investigate the effect of slow-deep breathing (SDB) on self-reported pain, heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). These effects are examined in three separate experiments, each using a different phasic pain modality. For each experiment, different subjects were recruited. Eighty-three healthy female participants were instructed to breathe guided by a visual cue at a slow frequency (SDB: 0.1 Hz), and at a frequency close to the spontaneous breathing frequency (NPB: Normal Paced Breathing, 0.2 Hz). Pain was induced during instructed breathing using electrocutaneous (experiment 1, n=31), thermal (experiment 2, n=28), or mechanical stimuli (experiment 3, n=24). Participants were requested to rate the intensity of each painful stimulus (Numerical Rating Scale; NRS) and subjective level of pleasantness, arousal, and dominance (Self-Assessment Manikin; SAM). During the experiment, R-R interval, blood pressure, tidal volume and end-tidal CO2 were continuously measured. Results for self-reported pain, SAM and physiological measurements were consistent across the three experiments. Although SDB significantly increased BRS and HRV, self-reported pain did not differ between breathing conditions, regardless of pain modality. Other potential mechanisms or components should be considered such as behavioral modulators including relaxation and treatment expectation.status: publishe

Effect of slow, deep breathing on visceral pain perception and its underlying psychophysiological mechanisms

BACKGROUND: Studies using somatic pain models have shown the hypoalgesic effects of slow, deep breathing. We evaluated the effect of slow, deep breathing on visceral pain and explored putative mediating mechanisms including autonomic and emotional responses. METHODS: Fifty-seven healthy volunteers (36 females, mean age = 22.0 years) performed controlled, deep breathing at a slow frequency (6 breaths per minute), controlled breathing at a normal frequency (14 breaths per minute; active control), and uncontrolled breathing (no-treatment control) in randomized order. Moderate painful stimuli were given during each condition by delivering electrical stimulation in the distal esophagus. Participants rated pain intensity after each stimulation. Heart rate variability and self-reported arousal were measured during each condition. KEY RESULTS: Compared to uncontrolled breathing, pain intensity was lower during slow, deep breathing (Cohen's d = 0.40) and normal controlled breathing (d = 0.47), but not different between slow, deep breathing and normal controlled breathing. Arousal was lower (d = 0.53, 0.55) and heart rate variability was higher (d = 0.70, 0.86) during slow, deep breathing compared to the two control conditions. The effect of slow, deep breathing on pain was not mediated by alterations in heart rate variability or arousal but was moderated by pain catastrophizing. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: Slow, deep breathing can reduce visceral pain intensity. However, the effect is not specific to the slow breathing frequency and is not mediated by autonomic or emotional responses, suggesting other underlying mechanisms (notably distraction). Whether a long-term practice of slow, deep breathing can influence (clinical) visceral pain warrants to be investigated