Durian (<i>Durio zibethinus</i> L.): Nutritional Composition, Pharmacological Implications, Value-Added Products, and Omics-Based Investigations

Durian (Durio zibethinus L.), a tropical fruit celebrated in Southeast Asia for its distinct flavor, is the focus of this comprehensive review. The fruit’s pulp is rich in high-value bioactive compounds, including gamma-glutamylcysteine, a precursor to the essential antioxidant glutathione. With durian cultivation gaining prominence in Southeast Asia due to its economic potential through cultivar enhancement, an in-depth examination of durian-related research becomes crucial. This review explores the health benefits of durian, analyzing the nutritional compositions and bioactive compounds present in the pulp, peel, and seed. It also underscores durian-based food products and the potential for valorizing durian waste. This review encapsulates the significant advancements made in omics-based research, aimed at deciphering the molecular complexities of durian fruit post-harvest ripening and the metabolic shifts impacting its sensory attributes. It is the first to summarize studies across genome, transcriptome, and metabolome levels. Future research should prioritize the development of molecular markers to accelerate the breeding of elite cultivars with preferred traits. It also proposes the exploration of durian waste valorization, including underexplored parts like flowers and leaves for their bioactive compounds, to promote a sustainable bioeconomy. Finally, it suggests the development of innovative durian products catering to the tastes of health-conscious consumers

Using the Quantum Potential in Elementary Portfolio Management: Some Initial Ideas

Owing to the globalization of the economy, the concept of entangled markets started to form, and this occurrence has smoothed the entrance of quantum mechanics into behavioral finance. In this manuscript, we introduce quantum risk and perform an analysis on portfolio optimization by controlling the quantum potential. We apply this method to eight major indices and construct a portfolio with a minimum quantum risk. The results show quantum risk has a power law behavior with a time-scale just as a standard deviation with different exponents

Using the Quantum Potential in Elementary Portfolio Management: Some Initial Ideas

Owing to the globalization of the economy, the concept of entangled markets started to form, and this occurrence has smoothed the entrance of quantum mechanics into behavioral finance. In this manuscript, we introduce quantum risk and perform an analysis on portfolio optimization by controlling the quantum potential. We apply this method to eight major indices and construct a portfolio with a minimum quantum risk. The results show quantum risk has a power law behavior with a time-scale just as a standard deviation with different exponents

Assessing Dynamic Changes of Taste-Related Primary Metabolism During Ripening of Durian Pulp Using Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Durian is an economically important fruit of Southeast Asia. There is, however, a lack of in-depth information on the alteration of its metabolic networks during ripening. Here, we annotated 94 ripening-associated metabolites from the pulp of durian cv. Monthong fruit at unripe and ripe stages, using capillary electrophoresis- and gas chromatography- time-of-flight mass spectrometry, specifically focusing on taste-related metabolites. During ripening, sucrose content increased. Change in raffinose-family oligosaccharides are reported herein for the first time. The malate and succinate contents increased, while those of citrate, an abundant organic acid, were unchanged. Notably, most amino acids increased, including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, whereas aspartate decreased, and glutamate was unchanged. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis was performed to analyze the dynamic changes in sugar metabolism, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and amino acid pathways to identify key candidate genes. Taken together, our results elucidate the fundamental taste-related metabolism of durian, which can be exploited to develop durian metabolic and genetic markers in the future