Intergenerational effects on mouse sperm quality after in utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen

International audienceNonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and analgesic drugs, such as N-acetyl- p-aminophenol (APAP; acetaminophen, paracetamol), are widely used by pregnant women. Accumulating evidence has indicated that these molecules can favor genital malformations in newborn boys and reproductive disorders in adults. However, the consequences on postnatal testis development and adult reproductive health after exposure during early embryogenesis are still unknown. Using the mouse model, we show that in utero exposure to therapeutic doses of the widely used APAP-ibuprofen combination during the sex determination period leads to early differentiation and decreased proliferation of male embryonic germ cells, and early 5-methylcytosine and extracellular matrix protein deposition in 13.5 d postcoitum exposed testes. Consequently, in postnatal testes, Sertoli-cell maturation is delayed, the Leydig-cell compartment is hyperplasic, and the spermatogonia A pool is decreased. This results in a reduced production of testosterone and in epididymal sperm parameter defects. We observed a reduced sperm count (19%) in utero-exposed (F0) adult males and also a reduced sperm motility (40%) in their offspring (F1) when both parents were exposed, which leads to subfertility among the 6 mo old F1 animals. Our study suggests that the use of these drugs during the critical period of sex determination affects the germ-line development and leads to adverse effects that could be passed to the offspring.-Rossitto, M., Marchive, C., Pruvost, A., Sellem, E., Ghettas, A., Badiou, S., Sutra, T., Poulat, F., Philibert, P., Boizet-Bonhoure, B. Intergenerational effects on mouse sperm quality after in utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen

A simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for therapeutic drug monitoring of cetuximab: a GPCO-UNICANCER proof of concept study in head-and-neck cancer patients

Administration of first-in-class anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab is contingent upon extensive pharmacogenomic testing. However in addition to tumor genomics, drug exposure levels could play a critical, yet largely underestimated role, because several reports have demonstrated that cetuximab pharmacokinetic parameters, in particular clearance values, were associated with survival in patients. Here, we have developed an original bioanalytical method based upon the use of LC-MS/MS technology and a simplified sample preparation procedure to assay cetuximab in plasma samples from patients, thus meeting the requirements of standard Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in routine clinical practice. When tested prospectively in a pilot study in 25 head-and-neck cancer patients, this method showed that patients with clinical benefit had cetixumab residual concentrations higher than non-responding patients (i.e., 49 +/- 16.3 mu g/ml VS. 25.8 +/- 17 mu g/ml, p < 0.01 t test). Further ROC analysis showed that 33.8 mu g/ml was the Cmin threshold predictive of response with an acceptable sensitivity (87%) and specificity (78%). Mass spectrometry-based therapeutic drug monitoring of cetuximab in head-and-neck cancer patients could therefore help to rapidly predict cetuximab efficacy and to adapt dosing if required

In utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen leads to intergenerational accelerated reproductive aging in female mice

International audienceNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesic drugs, such as acetaminophen (APAP), are frequently taken during pregnancy, even in combination. However, they can favour genital malformations in newborn boys and reproductive disorders in adults. Conversely, the consequences on postnatal ovarian development and female reproductive health after in utero exposure are unknown. Here, we found that in mice, in utero exposure to therapeutic doses of the APAP-ibuprofen combination during sex determination led to delayed meiosis entry and progression in female F1 embryonic germ cells. Consequently, follicular activation was reduced in postnatal ovaries through the AKT/FOXO3 pathway, leading in F2 animals to subfertility, accelerated ovarian aging with abnormal corpus luteum persistence, due to decreased apoptosis and increased AKT-mediated luteal cell survival. Our study suggests that administration of these drugs during the critical period of sex determination could lead in humans to adverse effects that might be passed to the offspring

Orchestration of Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway, Acute Decompensation, and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Cirrhosis

Systemic inflammation (SI) is involved in the pathogenesis of acute decompensation (AD) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in cirrhosis. In other diseases, SI activates tryptophan (Trp) degradation through the kynurenine pathway (KP), giving rise to metabolites that contribute to multiorgan/system damage and immunosuppression. In the current study, we aimed to characterize the KP in patients with cirrhosis, in whom this pathway is poorly known. The serum levels of Trp, key KP metabolites (kynurenine and kynurenic and quinolinic acids), and cytokines (SI markers) were measured at enrollment in 40 healthy subjects, 39 patients with compensated cirrhosis, 342 with AD (no ACLF) and 180 with ACLF, and repeated in 258 patients during the 28-day follow-up. Urine KP metabolites were measured in 50 patients with ACLF. Serum KP activity was normal in compensated cirrhosis, increased in AD and further increased in ACLF, in parallel with SI; it was remarkably higher in ACLF with kidney failure than in ACLF without kidney failure in the absence of differences in urine KP activity and fractional excretion of KP metabolites. The short-term course of AD and ACLF (worsening, improvement, stable) correlated closely with follow-up changes in serum KP activity. Among patients with AD at enrollment, those with the highest baseline KP activity developed ACLF during follow-up. Among patients who had ACLF at enrollment, those with immune suppression and the highest KP activity, both at baseline, developed nosocomial infections during follow-up. Finally, higher baseline KP activity independently predicted mortality in patients with AD and ACLF. Conclusion: Features of KP activation appear in patients with AD, culminate in patients with ACLF, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of ACLF, clinical course, and mortality.status: publishe