Reasoning by Analogy in a Multi-Level System Architecture for the Design of Mechanisms

Since the first attempts to integrate AI technology and engineering design nearly two decades ago, few expert systems have been shown to demonstrate sufficient reasoning capabilities to solve real-world design problems. The complex nature of design, the lack of understanding of the design process, and the limitations of current expert system technology have all been shown to have adverse effects on the maturity of this research area. Therefore, our direction in this research concentrates on understanding the design process, investigating a novel area of research focusing on creative design, and incorporating the results into a system model feasible for production use. The model presented is based on the concept of reusing past experience and existing cases to solve future design problems in different application domains. The resulting system performs its task by reasoning and learning by ANALOGY while utilizing the Logical-Building Block approach to design. Our method demonstrates the use of a case-based reasoner in conjunction with other existing techniques, such as heuristic reasoning and first principle reasoning, to produce a system with three levels of reasoning strategies. Such a system will exhibit a learning capability by which its performance is enhanced with repeated use. A prototype has been implemented and tested for the synthesis of various mechanisms

Application of artificial intelligence techniques for LFC and AVR systems using PID controller

Development of electrical power systems led to search for  a new mathematical methods to find the values of PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller. The goal of the paper is to improve the performance of the overall system, through improved the frequency deviation and the voltage deviation characteristics using PID controller, so in this paper are proposed three methods of artificial intelligence techniques for designing the optimal values of PID controller of Load-Frequency-Control (LFC) and Automatic-Voltage-Regulator (AVR), the first is the Firefly Algorithm (FA), the second is the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the third is the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in addition to these three methods use the conventional (Ziegler–Nichols, Z-N). The FA, GA and PSO are used to obtain the optimal parameters of PID controller based on minimized different various indices as a fitness function, these fitness functions namely Integral-Time-Absolute-Error (ITAE) and Integral-Time-Square-Error (ITSE). Comparison between the results obtained show that FA has better performance to control of frequency deviation and terminal voltage than GA and PSO, so the results observed the FA is more effectual and reliable to determine the optimal values of PID controller

Civil Liability Arising from Hacking E-mail Information

It is completely easy to pass and send any electronic data everywhere to the persons you want in the world in a very quick and short time, regardless the size and the data type. This is due to the invention of electronic programs that help to save time and efforts. (the E – mail). As a result of this electronic development in the all related fields that serve humankind, a new encounter technology and illegal use of technology has occurred and used illegally by hackers to destroy and penetrate exclusive information for specific people. For this illegal hacking attempt requires the hackers to pay a fine, according to the international cybercrime law. Therefore, the UAE must necessarily issue a cybercrime law by referring to the general rules and civil liability in the law of transactions to punish the electronic hackers

Legal Evaluation of the Regulation of the Unified Motor Vehicle Insurance Policy: A comparative Study

The need Settlement of disputes arising from bank credit between national and Vehicle accidents pose a great danger to people\u27s lives and property, which is why, decades ago, the United Arab Emirates turned towards the path followed by the vast majority of Arab and foreign countries, which is the regulation of compulsory insurance on the civil liability of vehicle accidents. The Board of Directors of the Insurance Authority issued the unified vehicle insurance policy issued under the system of unification of vehicle insurance policies under Resolution No. (25) Of 2016. This document is a legal system, amending Ministerial Resolution No. (54) of 1987 regarding the unification of car insurance policies, Where this decision referred to the covered risks and general exceptions that are not covered by insurance from civil liability that does not result from them or arise from accidents that occur from the insured vehicle. Many negatives appeared with this amendment, which put pressure on the Insurance Authority to make two amendments to the provisions of the unified document: the first was within less than a year since its implementation, and the second was in 2018. Therefore, it was necessary to know the impact of the provisions of the unified insurance policy on the rights of both parties to the insurance policy, and the problems that are among the obstacles to applying the policy as it should, which negatively affect the civil liability of the insured. This was evaluating the conditions for verifying civil liability for vehicle accidents, forms of compensation, and evaluating the procedural provisions for claiming coverage. Key words: Insurance, Insurance Policy, (insured, insured, insurance company), Car accidents, Responsibility of the insured, Insurance supplement, the way, Compensatio

Incorporating innovative practices in software engineering education

Software Engineering (SE) practices deals with business requirements that continue to operate in dynamically changing and turbulent environments. SE practitioners must confront the business need for persistent innovation and build appropriate future workforce culture. Agile software development approaches view change from a perspective that reflects today\u27s tumultuous business and technology environments. Introducing these innovative methodologies, along with the more traditional Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) method, in IT departments is a challenging task. Such task requires not only technology expertise and knowledge, but also the human side of organization, team, and individual readiness to accepting such a challenge. To deal with this latter side, the paper employs creative thinking processes and the four brain concept. In such environment, linking agile methods and CMMI is imperative to improving software quality. © 2011 IEEE

Nutritional Deficiencies in Celiac Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study of Iron and Vitamin B12 Status in Diyala, Iraq

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, leading to chronic inflammation and small intestinal damage. The prevalence of CD in Iraq, particularly in Diyala province, has significantly increased in recent years. Nutritional deficiencies are common among CD patients due to impaired nutrient absorption resulting from intestinal damage. Objective: This study aimed to characterize iron and vitamin B12 status in Diyala’s CD population. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed iron and vitamin B12 status in 90 CD patients and 30 healthy controls at AL Shams Medical Labs, Diyala, between October 2024 and May 2025. Results: The mean age of CD patients was 48.03 ± 1.84 years, while controls had a mean age of 36.33 ± 2.32 years. The results showed a significant increase in anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG-IgA and tTG-IgG) and I-FABP levels in CD patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, serum iron and ferritin levels were significantly lower, while total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was significantly higher in CD patients (P < 0.05). Although mean vitamin B12 levels were lower in the CD patient group, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.114). Conclusion: Overall, CD significantly affects iron metabolism, whereas vitamin B12 levels appear less consistently impacted, emphasizing the need for targeted nutritional monitoring

Dorsal Approach with Low-Profile Plate in Treatment of Scaphoid Nonunion with Proximal Pole Avascular Necrosis: A Case Report

Case:Avascular necrosis (AVN) and nonunion are common complications encountered with scaphoid waist fractures. We present a case of a 23-year-old man presenting with a right scaphoid fracture nonunion associated with AVN of the proximal pole. He was treated with a 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular arterial bone graft (Zaidemberg technique) in combination with a dorsal plate yielding excellent functional and radiographic results.Conclusion:Scaphoid waist fracture nonunion with AVN of the proximal pole is challenging to treat and combining the Zaidemberg technique along with dorsal plating allows for easy access and excellent healing. © 2021 by the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated

Biological Activities and Chemical Composition of Turkish Sweetgum Balsam (Styrax Liquidus) Essential Oil

Objective:The purpose of this present study was to make a chemical analysis of the composition of essential oil obtained from sweetgum balsam and to examine its antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, α-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant activities.Methods:The essential oil obtained by the hydrodistillation method was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were evaluated by disc diffusion and resazurin microplate methods, the anticholinesterase effect was determined by using in vitro AChE and BChE enzymes inhibition assays, and the antioxidant effect was evaluated by ABTS and CUPRAC methods.Results:The main components of the essential oil were determined as styrene (92.6%) and α-pinene (2.2%). The essential oil showed weak antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, S. epidermidis but strong antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii, C. glabrata. It showed moderate inhibitory activity to AChE and BChE enzymes, and IC50 values were calculated as 36.5 μg/mL and 69.5 μg/mL, respectively. It also showed low inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 value was 637.2 μg/mL) and a similar antioxidant effect in the CUPRAC and ABTS method (A0.5 value was 637.2 μg/mL and IC50 value was 632.2 μg/mL, respectively).Conclusion:Styrax Liquidus essential oil can be considered a natural antimicrobial agent due to its strong antimicrobial activity capacity against A. baumannii and C. glabrata strains

Maternal perceptions of father involvement among refugee and disadvantaged families in Beirut, Lebanon

The role of fathers in (co-)parenting their children among refugee and disadvantaged families in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains poorly understood. This study sought to examine the associations among mothers’ perceptions of their husband’s involvement (hereafter referred to as paternal involvement), and her perceptions of her own well-being and a number of other variables, as well as observed mother-child interactions in families living in refugee and disadvantaged communities in Beirut, Lebanon. We analyzed baseline data from 104 mother-child dyads (mean age of children = 4.34 years; range = 2.05 to 7.93 years of age) who participated in a randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the impact of the Mother-Child Education Program in Beirut. In addition to the mother’s perception of paternal involvement and the videotaped mother-child interactions, data were collected concerning the mother’s well-being and her level of social support, as well as her level of stress as a parent and the way her children were disciplined in the family. Mother-child pairs were videotaped while completing a puzzle together and dyadic interactions were coded. Path analysis showed that paternal involvement was significantly associated with a higher level of maternal well-being and lower distress levels. In addition, higher levels of maternal distress were associated with higher levels of harsh discipline and parenting stress. Correlation analysis showed that higher perceptions of paternal involvement were associated with more positive affect displayed by the child, more positive regard for the child, and better mother-child synchrony during the dyadic interactions. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and the modest sample size, which hinder causal inferences and generalizability of the findings. These preliminary findings suggest that higher levels of paternal involvement may have an impact on markers of maternal mental health and positive mother-child interactions in families living in disadvantaged communities or humanitarian settings. Paternal involvement should be considered when designing and implementing parenting programs in LMICs

Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Method

The heart disease is also known as coronary artery disease, many hearts affecting symptoms that are very common nowadays and causes death. It is a challenging task to diagnose heart diseases without any intelligent diagnosing system. Many researchers did research on it and developed a diagnostic system to diagnose heart diseases and worked on it. The prediction of cardiovascular disease, required a brief medical history of patients, including genetic information. The world is in acute need of a system for predicting heart disease and it became crucial. Data mining and machine learning are common techniques used in the field of health care to process large and complex data. This research paper presents reasons for heart disease and a model based on Machine learning algorithms for prediction