ANTI-MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF NEW THIAZOLO PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES

Twelve new heterocyclic compounds containing thiazolo pyrimidine moiety were thus synthesized.. Compound 2 was synthesized by reaction of α-amino naphthol 1 with potassium isothiocyanate. Reaction of compound 2 with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid afforded the corresponding diazonuim salt 3, which converted to 2-hydrazino thiazolo derivatives 4. Compound 2 carried out to synthesize imidazolo thiazolo derivative 5, 6 and thiazolo pyrimidino derivative 7, 8 and 9 respectively. Compound 4 was carried out to synthesize of compound 10. Compound 10 was carried out to synthesize of triazolo thiazolo and thiadiazolo derivatives 11 and 12 respectively. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectral data. The assignments of the new products were tested for Anti-microbial activities. Results are suggesting thiazolo pyrimidine derivatives emerge as valuable compounds with great potential to be used as antibacterial and antifungal agents, and as promising candidates for further efficiency evaluation. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data and Anti-microbial activities are reported

Syngas Production, Properties, and Its Importance

Much attention has been focused on reducing the use of petroleum products as fuels, so synthetic gas (Syngas) introduces a great opportunity for energy sustainable developments. Syngas is created either by gasification of plants biomass or waste products (carbon-based) pyrolysis. In principle, Syngas can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock. It mainly affects the combustion process in internal combustion engines. The most important is flammability limit, which is very important in the safety and the laminar flame velocity or burning velocity, which is an essential parameter for the investigation of combustion chamber operation and emission performance. This chapter generally reviewed the syngas sources, production, properties, and its importance in the sustainable development for energy

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infection among Patients Attending to the Endoscopic Clinic at Al-Thowrah Hospital in Sana'a City, Yemen

Background: Hepatitis B and C are major public health problems worldwide. It is generally believed that hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are highly prevalent in the Republic of Yemen.Aim: to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infection among patients attending the endoscopic clinic at Al-Thowrah hospital in Sana'a City, Yemen.Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among patients attending to the endoscopic clinic at Al-Thowrah hospital in Sana'a city from January to December 2017. 1592 patients attending the endoscopic clinic at Al-Thowrah hospital were selected. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire were administered as a face to face interview. The questionnaire was included the following data: demographic data (age, sex, and marital status), and laboratory tests (HBsAg and HCV antibodies).Results: Overall 95.1% of the patients had never been exposed to HBV or HCV infections while 3.4% had HBsAg and 1.5% had HCV infection. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among patients according to sex showed that in male 46.2% of the patients had HBsAg and 12.8% had HCV antibodies compared to 23.1% of the patients had HBsAg and 17.9% had HCV infection in females.Conclusions: It is essential to promote awareness of these risks among everyone

THE EFFECT OF USING MATHWAY ON DEVELOPING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS IN NAJRAN, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

This study aimed to identify the effect of using the Mathway application on the development of academic achievement in mathematics among secondary school students in Najran city. The study population consisted of all students in the second year of secondary school who study Mathematics -4- in the second semester of the academic year 1442 AH in Najran city. The study followed the quasi-experimental design, which was conducted on a sample of (83) students divided into (41) students in the experimental group studying using Mathway application, and (42) students in the control group who studied using the traditional method. To ensure that the two groups are equal, a pre-achievement test was prepared before the experiment, and a post-achievement test was prepared to find out the differences between the two groups after applying the experiment. The results of the study showed a statistically significant difference at (∝ ≤ 0.05) between the means of the experimental group and those of the control group in the post-academic achievement test in favor of the experimental group due to the use of Mathway application. In light of the results, the study recommended using Mathway application and similar applications in the processes of teaching and learning mathematics.  Article visualizations

Frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm in persons who have been examined with ultrasound at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals: a single center pilot study

Introduction: To know frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using ultrasound and clarify associated risk factors in 1000 Egyptians. Material and methods: Prospective study. 1000 patients aged 50 years or more (mean: 57.97 ± [7.68]) were examined by B-mode ultrasound at our radiology department to measure suprarenal maximum diameter of the abdominal aorta (wall to wall measurement) and to identify the occurrence of AAA (aneurysms were defined as 1.5 times the mean diameter). Demographic data and risk factors were also noted. Results: Mean aortic diameter in study population was 18.9 ± (3.2) mm. AAA diameter was 28.3 mm. Frequency of AAA was 1.5%. AAA prevalence: 2.35% in males versus 0.75% in females. Prevalence of AAA in different age groups: < 60 years (n = 653), 60–70 (n = 282), > 70 years (n = 65) was 6 (0.9%), 6 (2.1%), 3 (4.6%) respectively. Patients with AAA were older (P < 0.001), more often male (P < 0.001), smokers (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Study showed that mean aortic diameter was 18.9 mm and AAA is present in 1.5% of the study population which was less than that seen in previously conducted studies in other countries

Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts Assessment of Using Different Rainwater Harvesting Techniques in Sarida Catchment, West Bank, Palestine

A statistically representative questionnaire targeted people using rainwater harvesting (RWH) techniques in rural communities of Sarida catchment,West Bank, Palestine was distributed and analyzed. The main objective of this study is to assess the social, economic, and environmental impacts of adopting RWH techniques (e.g. cisterns, concrete and clay ponds, Wadi ponds, earth dams, and stone terraces) in different uses to increase water availability. The results showed a simple sharing of the female component among beneficiaries, while concrete ponds and cisterns were the most used techniques. Actually, social impacts were noticeable by sharing the same RWH structure and reflected to responsibility skills and role exchange increases. On the other hand, RWH techniques showed a significant economic impact for end users represented by enhancing domestic, agricultural,and recreational activities leading to good profit increase. In addition to food security as output, the most important environmental impact was water wasting prevention, which in turn could be linked to sustainable water management and considered as universal challenge for future generations

Hydraulic performance of sluice gate with unloaded upstream rotor

This study presents video analysis of the hydraulic performance of a sluice gate with an unloaded upstream built-in rotor. A number of laboratory experiments were  conducted using two unloaded rotor shapes. The first was the cross-shaped rotor and the second was the Savonius-like rotor. A new video analysis technique was  introduced for measuring rotor angular speed and its perturbation. Swift speed  cameras and Tracker software were used to measure the upstream backwater depth and to estimate the instantaneous variation of the rotor speed. The study shows that adding a rotor upstream of the gate caused the upstream water level to increase  such that the averaged normalized afflux increased to 1.72 and 0.9 for the cross-shaped and the Savonius rotors, respectively. Lab experiments indicated that the water flow–structure interaction for the sluice-rotor is quite complex and nonlinear. Two main flow regimes were distinguished. The flow regimes are: the flow through a rotor with possible weir flow conditions and the orifice flow conditions. The  time-averaged angular speed of the tested Savonius-like rotor ranged between 0 and 300 r/min. As the upstream backwater depth increased, the angular speed  increased; however, the rate was significantly lower for the orifice flow condition compared to the flow under rotor and weir flow conditions. The video analysis also indicated that significant perturbation exists for the rotor angular speed. The  normalized perturbation intensity varied from a minimum of 8% to a maximum of 60%.Keywords: sluice gate, rotor, angular speed, video analysis, hydropowe

Recurrence Risk Stratification for Women with FIGO Stage I Uterine Endometrioid Carcinoma Who Underwent Surgical Lymph Node Evaluation

Purpose/Objective(s): To estimate the recurrence risk based on the number of prognostic factors in women with FIGO stage I uterine endometrioid carcinoma (EC) in a large cohort of patients who underwent surgical staging including surgical lymph node evaluation (SLNE) and were managed with no adjuvant therapy. Materials/Methods: We queried our in-house prospectively maintained uterine cancer database for patients with FIGO stage I EC underwent surgical staging including SLNE between 1/1990-12/2020. Patients with synchronous ovarian and breast cancer diagnosis were excluded as well as those who received adjuvant therapy of any form. Patient\u27s demographics and pathologic variables were analyzed. We used multivariate analysis (MVA) with Stepwise Model Selection to determine risk factors for 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). Study population was then stratified based on the number of risk factors identified (0, 1 or 2). The resultant groups were compared for RFS, disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) using log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves. Additionally, independent predictors of DSS and overall OS were estimated. Results: 706 patients were identified who met our inclusion criteria with a median age of 60 years (range, 30-93) and a median follow-up of 120 months. All patients had at least pelvic SLNE with a median number of examined lymph node (LN) of 8 (range, 1-66): 66 patients (11%) had a sentinel LN sampling and 43% had paraaortic SLNE. 639 patients (91%) were stage IA and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) was detected in 6% (n=41). Recurrence was diagnosed in 44 patients (6%). Independent predictors of 5-year RFS include age ≥ 60 years (p=0.038), grade 2 vs. 1 (p=0.003), and grade 3 vs 1 (p\u3c0.001). 5-year RFS for group-0 (age \u3c 60 years and grade 1) was 98% vs. 92% for group-1 (either: age ≥ 60 years or grade 2/3) vs 84% for group-2 (both: age ≥ 60 years and grade 2/3), respectively (p\u3c0.001). 5- year DSS for the three groups was (100% vs 98% vs 95%, p=0.012) and 5-year OS was (98% vs 90% vs 81%, p\u3c0.001), respectively. On MVA, stage IB vs IA was deterministic for DSS (p=0.02); whereas age ≥ 60 years (p\u3c0.001) and grade 3 vs grade 1 (p=0.004) were predictors for worse OS. Conclusion: In patients with stage I endometrioid carcinoma who had surgical staging including SLNE and no adjuvant therapy, only age ≥ 60 years and high tumor grade were independent predictors of cancer recurrence and hence can be used to quantify individualized recurrence risk. Surprisingly, LVSI was not an independent prognostic factor in this study cohort with SLNE