Rising demand for livestock products in India: nature, patterns and implications

With a large population and recent growth in consumer income, India’s demand for food has increased. However, research continues to emphasise basic foods, and the demand for livestock products remains poorly understood. This study examines the demand for livestock products by Indian consumers using national sample survey data. The study shows that there has been a rapid rise in the demand for livestock products in India. Within the livestock products group, milk and milk products hold the dominant share. Our analysis further suggests that India’s rapid rise in the demand for livestock products may far outpace its domestic supply. Implications are discussed.livestock products, demand and supply, India, trade implications, Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics,

Research on gallium arsenide diffused junction solar cells

The feasibility of using bulk GaAs for the fabrication of diffused junction solar cells was determined. The effects of thermal processing of GaAs was studied, and the quality of starting bulk GaAs for this purpose was assessed. These cells are to be made by open tube diffusion techniques, and are to be tested for photovoltaic response under AMO conditions

Mao Tse-Tung: His Writings and Philosophy

This paper sets out to examine in broad terms the back­ground, upbringing and career of this man. It further sets out to examine some of his more pertinent military writings and deduce his military philosophy

The Backgrounds, Achievements, Aspirations, And Attitudes Of Educators In Tehran (Iran).

Problem: To investigate various aspects of the Tehran male educators as to their backgrounds, achievements, satisfactions, aspirations, and attitudes. Purpose: The general objective was to add to the understanding of the Iranian educators living in Tehran, and to provide background information about the educators for Iranian organizations involved in teacher education programs, in the professional growth of educators, and in helping to satisfy the teachers\u27 needs. The major objectives were to determine: 1) the present status of the educators, 2) whether differences exist among primary school teachers, secOndary school teachers, and university professors, 3) the attitude of the educators toward their educational achievements income satisfaction-, ideal education for wives and children, preferences concerning marriage, social equality of sons and daughters, sense of belonging to social classes, and their attitudes toward religion. Procedures: An educator questionnaire was developed. A committee of three professors two from Iran and one from Pakistan approved the questionnaire. Two pilot runs were administered to selected educators. Two hundred male teachers and professors were randomly selected (80 primary, 70 secondary, and 50 unversity educators) who participated in this research. Findings: There are differences among the primary school teachers (PSTs), secondary school teachers ( SSTs), and university professors (UPs) in the areas of educational fulfilllment, income satisfaction, and some cultural-traditional social values. The PSTs and SSTs\u27 satisfaction, beliefs, and attitudes are closer to each other than to UPs. The UPs seem much wDre satisfied with their educational achievement and income than SSTs and PSTs, and SSTs seem more satisfied than PSTs. Teaching is not considered a prestigious and awarding profession .. Some of the long-standing social-cultural traditions seem weakened and/or are in the process of change. The changes are greater among UPs than among SSTs or PSTs. The UPs ,come from more educated and wealthier families than SSTs and PSTs. Implications and· Recomendations: The findings would be credible to policy makers for improved teacher recruitment, educating, reeducating, and retention within the profession. One solution to attract better potential teachers to the profession, and to prevent teachers from leaving is to raise teachers\u27 prestige in the society. Replications or the survey would substantiate the findings and would help generalizations to all educators of Iran. Both male and female educators should participate in future studies. Studies on job satisfaction, attitudes, and characteristics of educators separately at different levels should be done

Effects of administration of Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous calyx extracts on neonatal programming of metabolic dysfunction

Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is a plant of the Malvaceae family that has anti-obesity, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolaemic, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. Dietary manipulations during the suckling period cause precocious maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Events in early life affect the individual‘s metabolic health in later life. This study investigated the effects of early administration of the aqueous calyx extracts of HS on the growth performance, general health and the GIT of neonatal rats and whether it conferred protection or predisposition to the development of metabolic dysfunction in adolescence. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase was to determine the effects of HS aqueous calyx extracts on the growth performance, metabolic substrates and the development of the neonatal rat GIT. In the second phase, the effects of the early administration of the HSE on the response of the pups to diet induced metabolic dysfunction were investigated. In phase one, forty two 4-day old Sprague Dawley pups of both sexes were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Each group consisted of 7 males and 7 females. The control group received distilled water at 10ml.kg-1 b.w while the other two groups received either a low (50mg.kg-1) or high dose (500mg.kg-1) of the HS aqueous calyx extracts via oral gavage daily for 9 consecutive days. The rats were euthanased and their tissues harvested and analyzed. Pups that were administered with the high dose HSE had significantly heavier small intestines relative to the body mass when compared to those on the low dose HSE (P<0.01) and the control group (p<0.001). Pups in the high dose HSE group had significantly heavier caeca (p<0.05) than those in the low dose HSE group. In the second phase, eighty five 4-day old Sprague Dawley rat pups were used. They were initially divided randomly into three groups and received similar treatments as in phase one up to postnatal day (PND) 14. There was no intervention from PND14 to PND 21 when the pups were weaned. The rats in each of the treatment groups were further divided into a control group that continued on their normal rat chow diet and a test group that received high fructose (20% w/v) in their drinking water for 30 days in order to induce metabolic dysfunction. Each of the six study groups had at least 5 male and 5 female rats. The male rats in each of the treatment groups gained more body mass than their corresponding female counterparts in the control and treatment groups (p<0.001). Female rats that received high dose HSE in the neonatal period had significantly greater visceral fat pad (p≤0.05) than the males in the groups. There were no negative effects on the rats‘ general health. At the end of the study, features of metabolic syndrome did not manifest in the control or any of the treatment groups. Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous calyx extracts did not exhibit any long term effects and therefore may be considered safe for consumption in the neonatal age group

A Content Analysis Of Current Iranian Elementary Reading Textbooks For The Presence Of Social And Moral Values

It was the investigator\u27s concern to discover 1) to what extent the selected sixteen Iranian middle-class social and moral values were present in the content of the elementary reading textbooks currently used in Iran, 2) with what frequency and level of intensity the values were presented, and 3) was there a time-ordered developmental sequence of the identified social and moral values from lower to upper grade levels? The purpose of the study was to collect data from the seven elementary reading textbooks which have been published by the Ministry of Education of the Government of Iran and are used by all children attending school