Treatment of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2, 4-D) Poisoning; a Case Study

Background: 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2, 4-D) is an herbicide in chlorophenoxy group that use as a weed killer. Acute poisoning with 2, 4-D may be fatal in large ingestion. There is no specific antidote for 2, 4-D herbicide poisoning. We report here a case of 2, 4-D toxicity with rhabdomyolysis.Case Report: In this case study we present a case of intentional consumption of 2, 4-D herbicide with main gastrointestinal complain that became toward   rhabdomyolysis and liver damage during hospital course. Successful treatment with sodium bicarbonate and other conservative therapies was performed.Conclusion: In cases of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid poisoning, rhabdomyolysis should be in mind and an alkaline diuresis can increase herbicide elimination as well as treatment of rhabdomyolysis should be considered

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds

In recent times, there has been a growing interest in the exploration of antioxidants and global trend toward the usage of seaweeds in the food industries. The low molecular weight up to 14 kDa sulfated polysaccharides of seaweeds (Portieria hornemannii, Spyridia hypnoides, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Centroceras clavulatum and Padina pavonica) were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activities and cytotoxic assay using HeLa cell line and also characterized by FTIR. The high yield (7.74% alga dry wt.) of sulfated polysaccharide was observed in P. hornemannii followed by S. hypnoides (0.69%), C. clavulaum (0.55%) and A. taxiformis (0.17%). In the brown seaweed P. pavonica, the sulfated polysaccharide yield was 2.07%. High amount of sulfate was recorded in the polysaccharide of A. taxiformis followed by C. clavulaum, P. pavonica, S. hypnoides and P. hornemannii as indicative for bioactivity. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis supports the sulfated polysaccharides of S. hypnoides, C. clavulatum and A. taxiformis are similar to agar polymer whereas the spectral characteristics of P. hornemannii have similarities to carrageenan. The higher DPPH activity and reducing power were recorded in the polysaccharide of brown seaweed P. pavonica than the red seaweeds as follows: DPPH activities: S. hypnoides > A. taxiformis > C. clavulatum > P. hornimanii; Reducing power: A. taxiformis > P. hornimanii > S. hypnoides > C. clavulatum. The polysaccharide fractions contain up to 14 kDa from red seaweeds P. hornemannii and S. hypnoides followed by brown seaweed P. pavonica exhibit cytotoxic activity in HeLa cancer cell line (and are similar to structural properties of carrageenan extracted from P. hornemannii). The low molecular weight agar like polymer of S. hypnoides and alginate like brown seaweed P. pavonica showing better in vitro antioxidant activities that are capable of exhibiting cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line can be taken up further in-depth investigation for nutraceutical study.University of Algarve: DL 57/2016info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effect of Amniotic Membrane Homogenate on Ischemic Skin Flap Survival in Rat Model

Bachground: Surgical skin flaps are frequently used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to repair acquired or congenital defects. Necrosis is a common complication associated with these flaps postoperatively as a result of inadequate blood supply. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of amniotic membrane homogenate in healing the dorsal skin of the rat as an ischemic flap model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 350 and 400 g were used in the study. For all rats 3*10 cm, full-thickness, caudally based pattern dorsal skin flaps were elevated. The rats were randomized into 2 groups: control (I) and experimental (II). Then in 10 point,0.1 mL amniotic membrane homogenate was injected with with equal interval in experimental group and normal salin administered in control group. Seven days later all skin flaps were examined mechanically (necrosis) and histologically. Results: Tissue flap necrosis showed significantly reduced in amniotic membrane homogenate group (p=0.032), and tissue flap survival showed significantly increased in amniotic membrane homogenate group (p=0.036). There were no significant differences in the histology analysis heling proccess between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that, the administration of amniotic membrane homogenate is an effective and safe method that improves the survival of ischemic skin flaps in a rat model

Effect of Amniotic Membrane Homogenate Homogenate on Ischemic Skin Flap Survival in Rat Model

Bachground: Surgical skin flaps are frequently used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to repair acquired or congenital defects. Necrosis is a common complication associated with these flaps postoperatively as a result of inadequate blood supply. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of amniotic membrane homogenate in healing the dorsal skin of the rat as an ischemic flap model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 350 and 400 g were used in the study. For all rats 3 * 10 cm, full-thickness, caudally based pattern dorsal skin flaps were elevated. The rats were randomized into 2 groups: control (I) and experimental (II). Then in 10 point,0.1 mL amniotic membrane homogenate was injected with with equal interval in experimental group and normal salin administered in control group. Seven days later all skin flaps were examined mechanically (necrosis) and histologically. Results: Tissue flap necrosis showed significantly reduced in amniotic membrane homogenate group (p=0.032), and tissue flap survival showed significantly increased in amniotic membrane homogenate group (p=0.036). There were no significant differences in the histology analysis heling proccess between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that, the administration of amniotic membrane homogenate is an effective and safe method that improves the survival of ischemic skin flaps in a rat model

Morbidity of multiple bowel resection compared to single bowel resection after debulking surgery for ovarian cancer

Objectives: To assess the impact of multiple bowel resections on postoperative outcomes in stage IIIC-IV ovarian cancer (OC).Methods: From the Oxford OC database we retrieved consecutive patients who underwent bowel resection between January 2009 and November 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: single bowel resection (SBR) and MBR (>= 2 bowel resections). The following outcomes were compared between the two groups: 30-day related and not related morbidity to bowel surgery, bowel diversion rate and time to start/restart adjuvant chemotherapy.Results: Thirty-five patients were in the MBR and 146 in the SBR group. The 30-day overall surgical-related complication and bowel specific complications rate was higher in MBR group than SBR group (54.3% vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001) and (25.7% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.035), respectively. The rate of bowel diversion was 97.7% in MBR vs. 26.7% in the SBR group (p = 0.021). Trend analysis showed a significant reduction in the rate of MBR after the introduction of NACT (p- for trend <0.001).Conclusions: Our data show that MBR during OC surgery is associated with a higher rate of overall and bowel specific complication compared to SBR. The introduction of NACT is associated with a reduced rate of MBR. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Therapeutic contact lenses for the treatment of corneal and ocular surface diseases: advances in extended and targeted drug delivery

[Display omitted] The eye is one of the most important organs in the human body providing critical information on the environment. Many corneal diseases can lead to vision loss affecting the lives of people around the world. Ophthalmic drug delivery has always been a major challenge in the medical sciences. Since traditional methods are less efficient (∼ 5%) at delivering drugs to ocular tissues, contact lenses have generated growing interest in ocular drug delivery due to their potential to enhance drug bioavailability in ocular tissues. The main techniques used to achieve sustained release are discussed in this review, including soaking in drug solutions, incorporating drug into multilayered contact lenses, use of vitamin E barriers, molecular imprinting, nanoparticles, micelles and liposomes. The most clinically relevant results on different eye pathologies are presented. In addition, this review summarizes the benefits of contact lenses over eye drops, strategies for incorporating drugs into lenses to achieve sustained release, results of in vitro and in vivo studies, and the recent advances in the commercialization of therapeutic contact lenses for allergic conjunctivitis