Lack of Academic-Industrial Liaison in Pakistan – A Quantitative Study

The primary focus of this work is to explore the causes and key limitations in Pakistan's current academic-industrial liaison. This work is aimed at highlighting the different forms and benefits and the conditions for the university-business partnership. The study has a quantitative structure and a chosen philosophy of positivism and deductive methodology, and the novel knowledge is obtained through a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire. Pakistani organizations should help universities to use the views on education programs, learning achievements, practical training, internships and vocational training for businesses contributing to schools. The scientists at the school should also address other issues of the economy and business sector and provide the answers as a guide in the cycle for companies.Keywords: Pakistan; Academic-industry liaison; university-business; Positivism philosophyDOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-2-09Publication date: January 31st 202

Ignoring the side of Alaelal according to Ibn Hibban through his book Alsahih

The research deals with an aspect of the science of Alaelal, and how the science of Alaelal was neglected in many of the hadiths of Sahih Ibn Hibban , The research was based on a brief translation of Imam Ibn Hibban and his scientific status, the And the scholars praise him , and his identification of his sheikhs and his students, then he dealt with talking about the Alaelal and their definition, and knowing the most important classifications in the science of Alaelal , Then he mentioned the methodology of Ibn Hibban in his Sahih and its conditions, and how he neglected some of the conditions of the authentic hadith in his book , Then moved to hadith   practical part by mentioning examples of hadiths in which Ibn Hibban neglected the aspect of the Alaelal, whether the aelal of the text or the aelal of the isnad. These examples showed aspects of Ibn Hibban's omission of Alaelal in his book

Estimation of spatial genetic structure in inter-regional populations of Trigonella foenum-graceum L. species through phenotypic variation and seed protein profiling

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) is an important legume crop mainly grown for its pharmacological and nutritional value in Mediterranean region, western Asia, Indian sub-continent and Africa. We evaluated 110 fenugreek accessions from diverse agro-ecological regions i.e. South Asia, Mediterranean, Middle East, Europe and Africa for phenotypic divergence and seed protein based variation. Significant agro-morphological variability was revealed by germplasm viz-a`-viz traits e.g days to flower initiation, days to flower completion, yield plant-1, plant habit, vigor, flower colour and plant height. Multivariate approach of Principal Component Analysis and Euclidean distance generated dendrogram distributed all accessions into 6 and 9 distinct groups for morpho-agronomic dissimilarities, respectively. Four principal components (PCs) with Eigen value higher than unity (E>1), represented 65% variability in germplasm. Geographical distribution was evident by scatter plot as germplasm figured in 6 different sub-populations. Iranian accessions were most diverse, showing up in all sub-populations followed by Indian, Turkish, Ethiopian, Pakistani and Egyptian accessions which ranked in 5,4,4,3 and 3 sub-populations, respectively. Electrophoretic pattern of seed protein also exhibited considerable polymorphism in the range of 30~100 kDa. Maximum of 16 bands were produced in Turkish PI171872 and Indian PI175321 genotypes. UPGMA based cluster analysis distributed all accessions in 5 groups where accessions from close geographical proximity settled adjacently

Estimation of spatial genetic structure in inter-regional populations of Trigonella foenum-graceum L. species through phenotypic variation and seed protein profiling

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) is an important legume crop mainly grown for its pharmacological and nutritional value in Mediterranean region, western Asia, Indian sub-continent and Africa. We evaluated 110 fenugreek accessions from diverse agro-ecological regions i.e. South Asia, Mediterranean, Middle East, Europe and Africa for phenotypic divergence and seed protein based variation. Significant agro-morphological variability was revealed by germplasm viz-a`-viz traits e.g days to flower initiation, days to flower completion, yield plant-1, plant habit, vigor, flower colour and plant height. Multivariate approach of Principal Component Analysis and Euclidean distance generated dendrogram distributed all accessions into 6 and 9 distinct groups for morpho-agronomic dissimilarities, respectively. Four principal components (PCs) with Eigen value higher than unity (E&gt;1), represented 65% variability in germplasm. Geographical distribution was evident by scatter plot as germplasm figured in 6 different sub-populations. Iranian accessions were most diverse, showing up in all sub-populations followed by Indian, Turkish, Ethiopian, Pakistani and Egyptian accessions which ranked in 5,4,4,3 and 3 sub-populations, respectively. Electrophoretic pattern of seed protein also exhibited considerable polymorphism in the range of 30~100 kDa. Maximum of 16 bands were produced in Turkish PI171872 and Indian PI175321 genotypes. UPGMA based cluster analysis distributed all accessions in 5 groups where accessions from close geographical proximity settled adjacently.</jats:p

Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Pakistan:A countrywide perspective

Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most deadly diseases of poultry around the globe. The disease is endemic in Pakistan and recurrent outbreaks are being reported regularly in wild captive, rural and commercial poultry flocks. Though, efforts have been made to characterize the causative agent in some of parts of the country, the genetic nature of strains circulating throughout Pakistan is currently lacking. Material and methods. To ascertain the genetics of NDV, 452 blood samples were collected from 113 flocks, originating from all the provinces of Pakistan, showing high mortality (30-80%). The samples represented domesticated poultry (broiler, layer and rural) as well as wild captive birds (pigeons, turkeys, pheasants and peacock). Samples were screened with real-time PCR for both matrix and fusion genes (1792 bp), positive samples were subjected to amplification of full fusion gene and subsequent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: The deduced amino acid sequence of the fusion protein cleavage site indicated the presence of motif ( 112RK/RQRR↓F117) typical for velogenic strains of NDV. Phylogenetic analysis of hypervariable region of the fusion gene indicated that all the isolates belong to lineage 5 of NDV except isolates collected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province. A higher resolution of the phylogenetic analysis of lineage 5 showed the distribution of Pakistani NDV strains to 5b. However, the isolates from KPK belonged to lineage 4c; the first report of such lineage from this province. Conclusions: Taken together, data indicated the prevalence of multiple lineages of NDV in different poultry population including wild captive birds. Such understanding is crucial to underpin the nature of circulating strains of NDV, their potential for interspecies transmission and disease diagnosis and control strategies