Factors Affecting the Independence Level of 4-6-Year-Old Children with Cerebral Palsy in Activities of Daily Living

ObjectivesEnhancing the independence of children with cerebral palsy in their daily activities can significantly alleviate caregiver stress and challenges, thereby improving the quality of life for caregivers.. This study aimed to identify the influential factors in the independence level of children with CP in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (selfcare) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) (home participation).Materials & MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 116 children with different types of CP (61 boys and 55 girls) in the 4-6 age range and their parents were non-randomly selected through convenience sampling. The Iranian-Children Participation Questionnaire was used to measure the children's independence level in self-care activities and home participation. Several instruments, along with a demographicquestionnaire, were used to assess personal factors, such as the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, Communication Function Classification System, SPARCLE (for determining children's cognitive level), and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System. Eventually, the collected data were analyzed using stepwise linear regression ResultsThe results showed that the level of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and the child's age had the most correlation with the independence level in self-care activities. Moreover, GMFCS Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), cognitive level, and child's age were most associated with home participation.ConclusionPersonal factors are more effective than environmental factors in determining the independence of children with CP

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticle on light fastness and degradation of dyedfabric with direct dye

The photocatalytic degradation of various dye solutions has been studied using nanoTiO2 (NTO) as a catalyst. The effect ofNTO on the light fastness of dyed cotton fabric has been studied using two different dyes, namely Direct Blue 71 and Direct Red 31with high and low light fastness respectively. After dyeing, the fabric is coated with NTO using a dip-pad–dry-cure process. Thecoated fabrics are then exposed to UV light for different periods of time. The results indicate that the coated cotton fabrics show asignificant photo-oxidative activity under UV light. The color change of cotton fabric dyed with Direct Blue 71 with high lightfastness is found less than that of the sample dyed with Direct red 31 with low light fastness

Vaginal birth after cesarean section: A retrospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: The rising number of women undergoing elective repeat cesarean has been one of the principal reasons for the steady increase in the cesarean delivery rate. This study aim was to assess vaginal birth rates after cesarean (VBAC) in an educational hospital at Khorramabad, Lorestan. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was performed on the obstetric data from medical records of 685 deliveries that underwent cesarean section in their previous delivery. Results: VBAC rate among women with previous cesarean section was 10.4% (71 cases). The most frequent normal vaginal delivery was seen in women with a previous Kerr uterine incision (74.6%) and a history of one previous cesarean (69%). Conclusions: VBAC delivery rate is low in our set up and proper counseling for trial of labor and evaluation of the cases of women with prior cesarean section has been considered a key method of reducing the cesarean section rate. KEY WORDS: Vaginal birth after cesarean, Low segment cesarean section, Trial of labor

Investigating the prevalence of sleep disorder and the impact of sweet almond on the quality of sleep in students of Tehran, Iran

Background: Insomnia is an important problem in medical sciences students and has implications for their educational progress. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders and investigating the impact of sweet almond on quality of sleep in students of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran who live in dormitories. Methods: This is a before-after study conducted in 2017. At first, using the ISI questionnaire prevalence of sleep disorders was determined. Sweet almond was the study intervention. Each day, 10 almonds were given to 446 students for 14 d. At the end of the second week, again ISI questionnaire was filled. SPSS was used to analyze data. The McNemar, Wilcoxson Signed Ranks, and Repeated Measures tests were used. Results: Out of 442 participants, 217 (49.1) were female. Before intervention, 343 (77.6) had insomnia and 99 (22.4) had normal sleep. After intervention, 306 (69.2) had insomnia and 136 (30.8) had normal sleep. Having sweet almond for two weeks is associated with reducing insomnia (P<0.05). Investigating the almond impact in different categories also showed that it has a reducing impact on severe, mild, weak and normal sleep categories (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sweet almond has impacts on quality of sleep of those students of the TUMS that are living in dormitories. Intervention programs to improve quality of sleep are necessary and with regard to the high prevalence of insomnia, students must be protected, guided and consulted. © 2019, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved

Perinatal Mortality and Its Associated Risk Factors: A Study in the North-East of Iran

Background: Perinatal mortality rate is an important indicator of community health status. This study aimed to evaluate perinatal mortality and its determinants in Mobini Hospital of Sabzevar, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed within a two-year (2011-2012) period at Mobini Hospital of Sabzevar. Our study population included all the cases of stillbirth and live birth after the 22nd week of gestation to full term, died within the first week after delivery. The data including maternal and neonatal/fetal age, parity, mode of delivery, history of stillbirth, gestational age, reason of death, gender, and weight of the fetus or newborn were obtained from patient records as well as interviews with the mothers and treating physicians. To analyze the data, independent sample t-test, and Chi T square/Fisher�s exact test were run using SPSS, version 11.5. Results:Perinatal mortality and stillbirth rates were 16.6 and 9.1 per 1000 births, respectively, while the rate of early neonatal mortality was 7.4 per 1000 live births. The most common reasons for neonatal death were pre-term labor and sepsis, while the most common reason for stillbirth was unknown etiology. There was a significant difference between stillbirth and early neonatal death in term of gestational age (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to our results, perinatal mortality rate in our region was not high compared to other regions of the country, although it was higher than that of European countries. We found that premature labor was the cardinal cause of neonatal mortality, which can be prevented by careful perinatal care and improving hospital equipment, especially those of neonatal intensive care units.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Pregnant Women in Khoram Abad, Iran

Listeria monocytogenes is the bacterium that causes the infection listeriosis. Symptomatic infection most commonly occurs in pregnant women, infants, elderly and the immunosuppressed. The aims of current study is to determine the prevalence of listeriosis in pregnant women referred to khoram abad hospital in Iran. for this propuse, 100 vagina swap from pregnant women were subjected for PCR. The results showed negative reaction in all samples. The difference reported among the studies can be due to differences in the population under study include race, culture, geographical region, nutrition and laboratorial diagnosis methods

Effect of TiO₂nanoparticle on light fastness and degradation of dyed fabric with direct dye

363-368The photocatalytic degradation of various dye solutions has been studied using nanoTiO2 (NTO) as a catalyst. The effect of NTO on the light fastness of dyed cotton fabric has been studied using two different dyes, namely Direct Blue 71 and Direct Red 31 with high and low light fastness respectively. After dyeing, the fabric is coated with NTO using a dip-pad–dry-cure process. The coated fabrics are then exposed to UV light for different periods of time. The results indicate that the coated cotton fabrics show a significant photo-oxidative activity under UV light. The color change of cotton fabric dyed with Direct Blue 71 with high light fastness is found less than that of the sample dyed with Direct red 31 with low light fastness

The comparison of side effects of methyldopa, amlodipine, and metoprolol in pregnant women with chronic hypertension

Objective The aim of the study was to compare the complication of Antihypertensive drug; in pregnant women with chronic hypertension. Method This retrospective cohort study was performed on 300 pregnant women  with chronic hypertension. Results:  a relative risk of preeclampsia among methyldopa group was 3.45 times higher than the metoprolol, the relative risk of preterm labor was not significantly between methyldopa and metoprolol group, LBW, and IUGR in methyldopa and amlodipine groups . Conclusion Methyldopa and amlodipine are associated with the least side effects in pregnant women treated for chronic hypertension.the incidence of preeclampsia was greater in methyldopa group