The Long and Winding Road: Social Capital and Commuting

We develop a two-sector model to analyze which kind of social organization generates trust. Social capital is de…ned as trust. We examine two communities: the bedroom community in which people commute long distance to work and the virility community in which people do not commute to work. The hypothesis is that people do not have time to interact spontaneously out- side work in the bedroom community. We show that in the bedroom community social capital cannot accumulate. Hence our results show that time spent in- teracting with your neighbor must be added as an important production factor when considering the formation of social capital in society. Thus, in a commu- nity where agents only interact when producing output, social capital may not accumulate To our knowledge, no such attempt to model social capital has yet been undertaken and this gap or ‘missing link’in economic debates has to be developed to grasp a more holistic understanding of the big di¤erences in the wealth of nations or regionsSocial capital; Two-Sector Model; Indeterminacy

Love Thy Neighbor: Bonding versus Bridging Trust

We study how trust is generated in society. In a two-sector model, we analyze two communities. In the bonding community people do not trust people outside their regular networks. In the bridging community people choose to trust strangers when they meet them. The hypothesis is that when trust is only bonding, it cannot accumulate. Our theoretical contribution is to show that when trust is only bonding then the economy’s level of trust moves to an unstable equilibrium that may under certain conditions ‡uctuate forever. If, however, trust is also bridging, then trust will accumulate. Future research should seek to establish the appropriate institutional framework for establishing the optimal mix between both bonding and bridging social capital in society.Trust; two-sector model; chaos

Social Capital and Market Centralisation: A Two-Sector Model

We develop a two-sector model to analyze which kind of social organization generates social capital. The hypothesis is that social capital must be added as an important production factor when considering decentralization of production. Thus, market centralization processes in a capitalist society eventually may fragmentize and thus destroy social capital if the positive externality of local production and social capital is not taken into account. To our knowledge, no such attempt to model social capital has yet been undertaken and this gap or ‘missing link’ in economic debates has to be developed to grasp a more holistic understanding of the big differences in the wealth of nations or regions. The model shows that if the policy maker decides to centralize the economy, then the economy moves from an potentially stable equilibrium to an unstable one that may under certain condition even fluctuate forever.Social capital; market centralization; two-sector model; economic growth growth

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Debatten om foldudbyttets størrelse i det 17. århundrede

Foldudbyttets størrelse i dansk landbrug før de store landboreformer i slutningen af det 18. århundrede har ofte været diskuteret i den historiske litteratur. Adjunktvikar Gert Poulsen, Ålborg Universitetscenter, giver i denne artikel en oversigt over de synspunkter, der er kommet frem gennem de snart hundrede år, spørgsmålet har optaget historikerne, og bidrager med et forsøg på at opstille en metode til at beregne et minimumsudbytte for bondebruget i det 17. århundrede

Vulnerabilities and resilience in Danish housing stock:A comparative study of architectural answers to climate change in Danish housing in relation to other oceanic climates

Climate change will affect the same climate zones relatively similarly. When considering how to design residential architecture for future climates it is therefore relevant to understand how residential architecture can adapt within the specific climate zone. Denmark is placed within the oceanic climate zone and shares many of the same problems that countries in similar climates do. However, the architectural responses have developed radically different. Denmark has been building heating efficient housing for the last decade, which have lately caused increased overheating problems and surging energy demands for cooling. This paper compares the architecture of different oceanic zones with Danish architecture. The strategies for adapting to climate change represents a broad variety. Western European tradition has itself created varied methods for coping with the climatic struggles their societies meet. Danish architecture has for centuries been focused on heavy robust constructions that would withstand the large amount of precipitation and wind that is predominant in the country. In Holland flood danger has been a constant threat to society, which has led both to defensive and reactive measures in the form of dykes and amphibious housing. On the other side of the globe, New Zealand’s traditional architecture has adapted to similar problems but with a much lighter construction, leading to architecture that is resilient to lateral forces like wind and earthquakes. While lacking the thermal properties of northern European houses the New Zealand homes show a remarkable flexibility and mobility through simple timber-frame constructions. The vulnerabilities in the Danish building stock is due to an unwillingness to invest in adaptive measures. It might be necessary to integrate a flexible building style to future sustainable housing and build up a different expectation for how a house is used. In the face of climate change, architecture need to be adapted to the problems apparent on the building site and draw on experiences from other cultures that might have faced similar problems in the past. Danish architects might likewise use the non-rocky ground for water retention through planting and landscaping strategies in relation to architecture

Origin and domestication of cole crops (Brassica oleracea L.): Linguistic and literary considerations

Contrasting hypotheses have been made to locate the area of domestication of Brassica oleracea crops (i.e., cole crops), suggesting either a North Atlantic or a Mediterranean origin. In the absence of archaeological proof, linguistic and literary considerations can offer some insight into this issue. This paper gathers information from the linguistic, literary, and historical points of view that are compatible with the domestication of B. oleracea in the ancient Greek-speaking area of Central and East Mediterranean

Domestication, diversity and use of Brassica oleracea L., based on ancient Greek and Latin texts

The domestication process of Brassica oleracea L. has not been fully clarified, either regarding its initial location or the progenitor species involved. Two alternative hypotheses proposed so far point to either a northwest European or a Mediterranean location. Previous studies to clarify the domestication process focused on linguistic aspects and on the earliest occurrences in ancient literature of words referring to B. oleracea. Those studies are here extended to offer a comprehensive account of literary occurrences of the brassica vegetables in ancient Greek and Latin texts, between the VI century B.C.E. and the IV century C.E. This study offers a contribution to ancient ethnobotanical knowledge in the Mediterranean, including agricultural practices and culinary and medicinal uses. It also defines the time when increasing diversity of crop varieties is documented and it adds weight to the hypothesis of a Mediterranean location of the domestication of B. oleracea