Thinking about platforming with more traditional mediatization: Lessons from audiovisual analysis

Since the mid-1990s, film and television industries are more and more confronted with the appearance of new intermediation services which have created platforms. In a project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), we try to analyze the place and role that these new services are taking in the audiovisual sector. Our corpus is composed of the platforms of four companies that have developed activities on a vast international scale, Netflix (with its service of the same name), Amazon (Prime Video service), Disney (Disney+) and Apple (Apple TV+). Based on our corpus, it seems to us that some changes have been the result of firms’ activities, but that it is not as linear as it may appear at first sight. Transformations are at work but there is also some “Old Media Persistence.” Thus, we find a certain “contamination” of old practices originating from the organization of industrial channels and forms in the mutations currently presented by these new intermediation services

Haptic guidance improves the visuo-manual tracking of trajectories

BACKGROUND: Learning to perform new movements is usually achieved by following visual demonstrations. Haptic guidance by a force feedback device is a recent and original technology which provides additional proprioceptive cues during visuo-motor learning tasks. The effects of two types of haptic guidances-control in position (HGP) or in force (HGF)-on visuo-manual tracking ("following") of trajectories are still under debate. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPALS FINDINGS: Three training techniques of haptic guidance (HGP, HGF or control condition, NHG, without haptic guidance) were evaluated in two experiments. Movements produced by adults were assessed in terms of shapes (dynamic time warping) and kinematics criteria (number of velocity peaks and mean velocity) before and after the training sessions. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These results show that the addition of haptic information, probably encoded in force coordinates, play a crucial role on the visuo-manual tracking of new trajectories

Efficacy of pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLINs compared with pyrethroid-only LLINs for malaria control in Benin: a cluster-randomised, superiority trial.

BACKGROUND: New classes of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) combining mixtures of insecticides with different modes of action could put malaria control back on track after rebounds in transmission across sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the relative efficacy of pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLINs and chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLINs compared with standard LLINs against malaria transmission in an area of high pyrethroid resistance in Benin. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomised, superiority trial in Zou Department, Benin. Clusters were villages or groups of villages with a minimum of 100 houses. We used restricted randomisation to randomly assign 60 clusters to one of three LLIN groups (1:1:1): to receive nets containing either pyriproxyfen and alpha-cypermethrin (pyrethroid), chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin, or alpha-cypermethrin only (reference). Households received one LLIN for every two people. The field team, laboratory staff, analyses team, and community members were masked to the group allocation. The primary outcome was malaria case incidence measured over 2 years after net distribution in a cohort of children aged 6 months-10 years, in the intention-to-treat population. This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03931473. FINDINGS: Between May 23 and June 24, 2019, 53 854 households and 216 289 inhabitants were accounted for in the initial census and included in the study. Between March 19 and 22, 2020, 115 323 LLINs were distributed to 54 030 households in an updated census. A cross-sectional survey showed that study LLIN usage was highest at 9 months after distribution (5532 [76·8%] of 7206 participants), but decreased by 24 months (4032 [60·6%] of 6654). Mean malaria incidence over 2 years after LLIN distribution was 1·03 cases per child-year (95% CI 0·96-1·09) in the pyrethroid-only LLIN reference group, 0·84 cases per child-year (0·78-0·90) in the pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLIN group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·86, 95% CI 0·65-1·14; p=0·28), and 0·56 cases per child-year (0·51-0·61) in the chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLIN group (HR 0·54, 95% CI 0·42-0·70; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: Over 2 years, chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLINs provided greater protection from malaria than pyrethroid-only LLINs in an area with pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. Pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLINs conferred protection similar to pyrethroid-only LLINs. These findings provide crucial second-trial evidence to enable WHO to make policy recommendations on these new LLIN classes. This study confirms the importance of chlorfenapyr as an LLIN treatment to control malaria in areas with pyrethroid-resistant vectors. However, an arsenal of new active ingredients is required for successful long-term resistance management, and additional innovations, including pyriproxyfen, need to be further investigated for effective vector control strategies. FUNDING: UNITAID, The Global Fund

Effets des points d’inflexion sur les estimations des distances euclidiennes dans une tâche manuelle d’intégration de trajets

The kinaesthetic perception of Euclidean distance: Effect of inflexion points This study used a manual tracking task to investigate the processes that underlie the estimate of Euclidean distances (ED) on the basis of kinaesthetic cues. In this kind of task, blindfolded adults traced straight and curvilinear paths with one finger and estimated, later, the ED between the starting and ending points. Previous results suggested that errors in the estimations of ED would be related to both the presence of inflection points in paths and the size of the workspace explored. This experiment examined the effect of the number of inflection points (2, 4 or 6) included in curved paths on two ED (7,5 cm or 22,5 cm) estimations. For the small paths, errors increased when the paths included at least two inflection points regardless of the number inflection points. For larger paths, the ED estimations were independent of the number of inflection points. These findings suggest that the presence of inflection points in curved paths may explain the detour effect observed in a reduced portion of space.RÉSUMÉ Cette étude a pour but de mieux comprendre les processus impliqués dans l’estimation des distances euclidiennes (DE) à partir des signaux kinesthésiques dans une tâche manuelle d’intégration de trajets. Dans ce type de tâche, les sujets doivent explorer des trajets rectilignes et curvilignes à l’aide de leur index et estimer, par la suite, la DE entre le point de départ et d’arrivée. Certaines études observent que, par rapport à la simple reproduction d’un trajet rectiligne, les erreurs d’estimation de cette DE s’amplifient au fur et à mesure que la longueur du trajet curviligne augmente. Le but de cette expérience est de montrer que cet «effet de détour» est expliqué plutôt par la présence de points d’inflexion le long du trajet curviligne que par l’augmentation de sa longueur. Pour cela, nous avons testé la capacité à estimer deux DE (7,5 cm et 22,5 cm) après l’exploration de trajets curvilignes deux fois plus longs dans lesquels le nombre de points d’inflexion pouvait varier (2, 4 ou 6). Les résultats montrent un effet de détour uniquement pour la DE de 7,5 cm, incluant 2, 4 ou 6 points d’inflexion. Ces résultats montrent que l’effet de détour n’est pas lié à la longueur des trajets curvilignes mais à leur géométrie, et plus précisément, à la présence d’au moins 2 points d’inflexion regroupés dans une partie restreinte de l’espace de travail.Gentaz Edouard, Faineteau Henry, Palluel-Germain Richard. Effets des points d’inflexion sur les estimations des distances euclidiennes dans une tâche manuelle d’intégration de trajets. In: L'année psychologique. 2008 vol. 108, n°1. pp. 3-14

Effets des points d’inflexion sur les estimations des distances euclidiennes dans une tâche manuelle d’intégration de trajets

The kinaesthetic perception of Euclidean distance: Effect of inflexion points This study used a manual tracking task to investigate the processes that underlie the estimate of Euclidean distances (ED) on the basis of kinaesthetic cues. In this kind of task, blindfolded adults traced straight and curvilinear paths with one finger and estimated, later, the ED between the starting and ending points. Previous results suggested that errors in the estimations of ED would be related to both the presence of inflection points in paths and the size of the workspace explored. This experiment examined the effect of the number of inflection points (2, 4 or 6) included in curved paths on two ED (7,5 cm or 22,5 cm) estimations. For the small paths, errors increased when the paths included at least two inflection points regardless of the number inflection points. For larger paths, the ED estimations were independent of the number of inflection points. These findings suggest that the presence of inflection points in curved paths may explain the detour effect observed in a reduced portion of space.RÉSUMÉ Cette étude a pour but de mieux comprendre les processus impliqués dans l’estimation des distances euclidiennes (DE) à partir des signaux kinesthésiques dans une tâche manuelle d’intégration de trajets. Dans ce type de tâche, les sujets doivent explorer des trajets rectilignes et curvilignes à l’aide de leur index et estimer, par la suite, la DE entre le point de départ et d’arrivée. Certaines études observent que, par rapport à la simple reproduction d’un trajet rectiligne, les erreurs d’estimation de cette DE s’amplifient au fur et à mesure que la longueur du trajet curviligne augmente. Le but de cette expérience est de montrer que cet «effet de détour» est expliqué plutôt par la présence de points d’inflexion le long du trajet curviligne que par l’augmentation de sa longueur. Pour cela, nous avons testé la capacité à estimer deux DE (7,5 cm et 22,5 cm) après l’exploration de trajets curvilignes deux fois plus longs dans lesquels le nombre de points d’inflexion pouvait varier (2, 4 ou 6). Les résultats montrent un effet de détour uniquement pour la DE de 7,5 cm, incluant 2, 4 ou 6 points d’inflexion. Ces résultats montrent que l’effet de détour n’est pas lié à la longueur des trajets curvilignes mais à leur géométrie, et plus précisément, à la présence d’au moins 2 points d’inflexion regroupés dans une partie restreinte de l’espace de travail.Gentaz Edouard, Faineteau Henry, Palluel-Germain Richard. Effets des points d’inflexion sur les estimations des distances euclidiennes dans une tâche manuelle d’intégration de trajets. In: L'année psychologique. 2008 vol. 108, n°1. pp. 3-14

Close to me? The influence of affective closeness on space perception.

International audienceRecent data show that psychosocial factors affect visual perception. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the relationship between affective closeness and the perception of apertures between two people. People feel discomfort when they are near someone they are not affectively close to. Therefore, we predict that they will be less likely to perceive that they can pass between two people not affectively close to them. Participants had to imagine passing through the aperture between two life-size classmate pictures. We found that the closer participants felt to their classmates, the more they felt able to pass between them. This provides the first evidence of a relationship between affective closeness and the perception of aperture between two people, suggesting that psychosocial factors constrain space perception

Within reach but not so reachable: Obstacles matter in visual perception of distances

A large number of studies have shown that effort influences the visual perception of reaching distance. These studies have mainly focused on the effects of reach-relevant properties of the body and of the objects that people intend to reach. However, any influence of the reach-relevant properties of the surrounding environment remains still speculative. We investigated this topic in terms of the role of obstacle width in perceiving distances. Participants had to estimate the straight-line distance to a cylinder located just behind a transparent barrier of varying width. The results showed that participants perceived the straight-line distance to the cylinder as being longer when they intended to grasp the cylinder by reaching around a wide transparent barrier rather than by reaching around narrower ones. Interestingly, this effect might be due to the anticipated effort involved in reaching. Together, our results show that reach-relevant properties of the surrounding environment influence perceived distances, thereby supporting an embodied view of the visual perception of space

Évaluation du Forum national de la recherche scientifique et des innovations technologiques (FRSIT) du 10 au 30 septembre 2005

Le Forum national de la Recherche Scientifique et des Innovations Technologiques (FRSIT) est une institution du Burkina Faso créée pour permettre de prendre en considération les résultats de recherche pour un développement endogène du pays. Il marque aussi l’engagement des autorités burkinabé pour une meilleure valorisation des innovations et des inventions. Le forum qui se réunit tous les 2 ans a été marqué par d’importantes évolutions tant sur le plan institutionnel qu’organisationnel, dont la fusion avec le Salon National de l’Invention et de l’Innovation (SNII). Toutes ses éditions ont été marquées par une forte participation des inventeurs, chercheurs, opérateurs privés et décideurs, des participants de pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre, mais également de centres internationaux de recherche. Cependant, malgré les succès enregistrés, un certain nombre d’insuffisances ont été relevées et des préoccupations ont été exprimées, faisant l’objet de recommandations à l’issue des éditions..