Evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions for young people with mood disorders: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Mood disorders are amongst the most common groups of mental disorders in young people (YP). Depression may affect 8-20% of all YP and may result in a cascade of negative developmental outcomes predicting long-term morbidity and poor functioning. In view of this, the COST action ‘European Network of Individualized Psychotherapy Treatment of Young People with Mental Disorders’ (TREATme) was set up to help improve mental health services in YP.OBJECTIVES: One of the overarching aims of TREATme is to carry out a systematic review to assess for the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in YP. In this study, we present results from the systematic review of treatment effectiveness of youth interventions for mood disorders.[excerpt]peer-reviewe

Advances in structure elucidation of small molecules using mass spectrometry

The structural elucidation of small molecules using mass spectrometry plays an important role in modern life sciences and bioanalytical approaches. This review covers different soft and hard ionization techniques and figures of merit for modern mass spectrometers, such as mass resolving power, mass accuracy, isotopic abundance accuracy, accurate mass multiple-stage MS(n) capability, as well as hybrid mass spectrometric and orthogonal chromatographic approaches. The latter part discusses mass spectral data handling strategies, which includes background and noise subtraction, adduct formation and detection, charge state determination, accurate mass measurements, elemental composition determinations, and complex data-dependent setups with ion maps and ion trees. The importance of mass spectral library search algorithms for tandem mass spectra and multiple-stage MS(n) mass spectra as well as mass spectral tree libraries that combine multiple-stage mass spectra are outlined. The successive chapter discusses mass spectral fragmentation pathways, biotransformation reactions and drug metabolism studies, the mass spectral simulation and generation of in silico mass spectra, expert systems for mass spectral interpretation, and the use of computational chemistry to explain gas-phase phenomena. A single chapter discusses data handling for hyphenated approaches including mass spectral deconvolution for clean mass spectra, cheminformatics approaches and structure retention relationships, and retention index predictions for gas and liquid chromatography. The last section reviews the current state of electronic data sharing of mass spectra and discusses the importance of software development for the advancement of structure elucidation of small molecules

Psychological Interventions for Young People With Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review

Background: Psychotic disorders are commonly accompanied by intense psychological burden, and psychological interventions are usually needed in order to reduce the symptoms and help in maintaining or improving the level of psychological and social functioning after the onset of psychosis. The evidence-base for treating young people at risk for psychosis and adults with psychotic disorders is accumulating. Yet, pervasive systematic literature reviews that would include patients from the full age range being the most essential period for the risk of developing a psychotic disorder, a wide range of psychological interventions, and various types of clinical trials, have been lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to fill the gap by presenting the current research evidence from clinical trials on the effectiveness of psychological interventions for treating young people (12–30) with psychotic disorders. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO followed by a 3-step screening process based on the PICOS strategy. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Extracted data from the included studies is reported using a narrative synthesis. Results: Of the 1,449 publications screened, 40 from 25 studies were included in the review. Of these, 10 studies reported results from cognitive or behavioral therapy, nine from cognitive remediation therapy (CRT), and six from other types of therapies (i.e., integrative interventions combining psychoeducation and family/group interventions). All but one study found the target interventions to be effective, but the results mostly did not differ significantly from the control conditions in reducing symptoms and improving functioning, preventing relapses and hospitalization, or improving psychological or family variables. The most consistent findings were from CRT, showing more improvement in cognitive functioning compared to control conditions while not being superior in reducing symptom severity. Integrative interventions might be effective in treating young people suffering from psychotic disorders. Conclusion: There is some evidence that psychological interventions are effective for young people with psychotic disorders. However, with regard to symptom severity, psychotherapy does not outperform control conditions, and the results do not strongly favor any specific type of treatment. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020166756], identifier [CRD42020166756]. Copyright © 2022 Gergov, Milic, Löffler-Stastka, Ulberg, Vousoura and Poulsen

Net analyte signal-based methods for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, propyphenazone and caffeine by UV spectrophotometry

© 2018 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Union of Chemists in Bulgaria.Three different net analyte signal-based (NAS) methods - NAP CLS, HLA/GO and HLA XS were successfully applied for the determination of ternary mixtures of paracetamol (PAR), propyphenazone (PRO) and caffeine (CAF). The methods used absorbance UV-spectral data for resolving this complex system with overlapping drug spectra. A reduced five-level orthogonal design was used for the formation of a calibration set including the three compounds. The chemometric models were tested on an external validation dataset with concentrations within the calibration range. All proposed chemometric algorithms could be successfully applied for the determination of the above compounds in the pharmaceutical tablet formulation Saridon®. The obtained results showed that the NAS performance was similar compared to partial least-squares method (PLS-1). In addition, the use of the net analyte signal concept allowed the calculations of the analytical figures of merit. A moving window wavelength selection strategy was used, which significantly reduced the number of factors and improved the analytical recoveries

Assessment of different PLS algorithms for quantification of three spectrally overlapping drugs

The primary aim of the present study was to compare the prediction power of different PLS algorithms as applied to the quantification of three spectrally overlapping drugs. Four variants of PLS were chosen for multivariate calibration and prediction of the three components of the drug formulation (paracetamol, propyphenazone and caffeine). NIPALS and SIMPLS algorithms were the most commonly used algorithms. The other tested algorithms were Kernel and Bidiagonalization which have been rarely applied in pharmaceutical analysis