Parallel genome-scale loss of function screens in 216 cancer cell lines for the identification of context-specific genetic dependencies

Using a genome-scale, lentivirally delivered shRNA library, we performed massively parallel pooled shRNA screens in 216 cancer cell lines to identify genes that are required for cell proliferation and/or viability. Cell line dependencies on 11,000 genes were interrogated by 5 shRNAs per gene. The proliferation effect of each shRNA in each cell line was assessed by transducing a population of 11M cells with one shRNA-virus per cell and determining the relative enrichment or depletion of each of the 54,000 shRNAs after 16 population doublings using Next Generation Sequencing. All the cell lines were screened using standardized conditions to best assess differential genetic dependencies across cell lines. When combined with genomic characterization of these cell lines, this dataset facilitates the linkage of genetic dependencies with specific cellular contexts (e.g., gene mutations or cell lineage). To enable such comparisons, we developed and provided a bioinformatics tool to identify linear and nonlinear correlations between these features

Effect of small stones removal at tillage potato soil

While analysing the methods of removing small 3-30 cm diameter stones from soil and investigating them, the following objects of the experimental research were identified the effects of stone removal from the soil, crushing stones smaller than 6-8 cm in diameter and spreading them on the soil on the potato productivity, tubers quality, reduction of arable layer. Mentioned method of removing small stones was constructed by authors and used science 1970. Crushed stones in the soil have a diffenet effect on various crops yield, however, the did not have any negative effect on potato yield wireduction the range of the tested amount of stones at least. Comparing with other known methods, separation of loamy compacted soils by crushing stones small than 6-8 cm in diameter and removing of larger stones have a lot of important advantages. Stones are eliminated from the whole ploughlayer, less soil is being removed from the field and compactedVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

On the influence of mechanical and chemical input preparation on the efficiency of biogas production from organic beach wastes

Beach waste from freshwater sources is a harsh substrate to generate biogas from it. The tests showed that only high-pressure steam explosion pre-treatment can make the material suitable for biogas production on an economic feasible way. The method allows for an increase biogas yield from approximately 50 1/kg,™ to about 300 l/kgoTS using the high-pressure steam explosion technology. The technology allows therefore for almost similar biogas volume as generated from cattle waste or straw. The results strongly support the idea to use beach waste from freshwater as a co-substrate in biogas plantsVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Biomass preparation for conversion humidity and value assessment

Biomass usage for heat and energy purposes is one of the questions which still required more detailed analysis and scientific research. In this research we have focused on an analysis of humidity correlation on biomass preparation to conversion steps and calorific value assessment. The concept of biomass is widely understood, and in this research the chosen research object is agricultural, biomass with a main focus on straw, and additionally for results comparison are analyzed samples, composition are a mixture of straw and hay, with an additional 2% lime additive. For this research analyzed samples and their humidity for production steps is: one chop size reduction (20 mm) straw briquettes, two chops size reduction (30 mm and 10 mm) straw briquettes, pallets composition of 100% straw, 98% straw incl. 2% lime additive, 50% straw and 50% hay, 49% straw and 49% hay incl. 2% lime additive, 100% hay, 98% hay incl. 2% lime additive. Samples of straw and hay mixture, also with a lime additive is choosen because it is discussed widely that not only is it possible to use surplus straw from agricultural biomass as renewable energy and heat source, as a lime additive helps to keep a higher temperature on the combustion process and to generate more energy, but it is not healthy for the plant and not recommended under environmental aspects. The results received will help to estimate and determine the material humidity impact on biomass preparation for conversion steps, following an energy requirement for the production of briquettes and pallets, combustion factor and efficiency. It is defined as material calorific, HHV (higher heating value) and ash content which is one of the main factors and the criteria for fuel valuation will allow to determine tested samples further usage for heat and energy purposes. The research results will help further research tasks on bio energy as an agricultural biomass usageVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Effect Of Small Stones Removal At Tillage Potato Soil

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Feed-forward control for a lithography/etch sequence

Feed-forward and feedback control are used to compensate for variations caused by processes or equipment. The variations may be due to e.g. aging or shift and they may occur within a single process step or within a process sequence. The application of advanced process control methods offer the possibility to reduce deviation of process centering and, therfore, improving process capability. In this work, we investigated the feed-forward concept applied for a litography/etch sequence to control the deviation of the critical dimension (CD) of polysilicon wires an also the implmentation of feed-forward control into existing manu facturing execution systems. The process sequence investigated consists of pho toresist on a polysilicon layer and an intermediate antireflective coating (ARC). The aim was to reduce the variability of the polysilicon wire. The antireflective coating is structured by a dry etching step followed by etching the polysilicon layer performed in the same process chamber. The overetch of the ARC serves as process step where corrective actions for the development demensioncan be conducted. The CD is controlled after photoresist development and after etching of the polysilicon, but not after ARC etching. Therefore, a model was created to calculate the overetch time as a function of the development dimension and polysilicon dimension. Additionally, a concept was developed to integrate the feed-forward control into proprietary manufacturing execution systems used and allowing a fully automated compensation of the CD Variability of polysilicon. In summary, it could be proven that the intruduced feed-forward concept can be used to correct CD variability by a subsequent ARC etching process step

Achilles_QC_v2.4.3.rnai.Gs.gct

Achilles_QC_v2.4.3.rnai.Gs.gct is the ATARiS-processed, gene level file for 216 cancer cell lines undergoing shRNA pooled screening

Table1_screening information.xls

<p>Cell line information file.</p

cBOTv7_sbsv2_allreps_log.gct

<p>cBOTv7_sbsv2_allreps_log.gct is the raw normalized and logged read counts for the first group of cancer cell lines undergoing pooled shRNA screening.</p