Air Quality Satellite Monitoring by TROPOMI on Sentinel-5P

The recently launched Sentinel satellite mission, the Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P), is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family Sentinels. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), a nadir-viewing 108 field-of-view push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelengths of ultraviolet-visible (270 nm - 495 nm), near infrared (675 nm - 775 nm), and shortwave infrared (2305 nm - 2385 nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels, and is providing measurements of atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, and clouds at high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) supports over a thousand data collections in the focus areas of Atmospheric Composition, Water & Energy Cycles, and Climate Variability. Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Level-1B (L1B) and Level-2 (L2) products are curated at the GES DISC. Sentinel-5P data are provided by the European Union and the European Space Agency (ESA) through an agreement between ESA and NASA. Through its convenient and enhanced tools/services, such as OPeNDAP and L2 Subsetting, GES DISC offers the air quality remote sensing user community facile solutions for using complex Earth science data and applications. This presentation will demonstrate up-to-date TROPOMI products including EarthView (EV) radiance, solar irradiance, Aerosol Index, Carbon Monoxide, Total column Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and cloud, as well as easy ways to access, visualize and subset TROPOMI data

Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI and S-NPP/OMPS Data Support at GES DISC

The TROPspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P) is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels by the European Space Agency (ESA) that provides measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. The early afternoon orbit of Sentinel-5P mission provides a strong synergy with the U.S. Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite, especially in that the S-NPP Ozone Monitoring and Profiling Suite (OMPS) facilitates high vertically resolved stratospheric and lower mesospheric ozone profiles. The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) supports over a thousand data collections in the Focus Areas of Atmospheric Composition, Water & Energy Cycles, and Climate Variability and it is the Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) that is curating both offline Sentinel-5P TROPOMI and S-NPP OMPS Level-1B (L1B) and Level-2 (L2) products. Through its convenient and enhanced tools/services such as OPeNDAP and L2 Subsetting, GES DISC offers air quality remote sensing user communities facile solutions for complex Earth science data and applications. This presentation will demonstrate TROPOMI and OMPS products including earthview radiance, solar irradiance, and currently available L2 datasets, as well as easy ways to access, visualize and subset data. The implementation of the End User License Agreement (EULA) between NASA GES DISC and all data users accessing data at GES DISC will be emphasized as well

Моделирование функциональных кист яичников путем введения фолликулостимулирующего гормона

Aim. To study the morphofunctional state of ovaries after the introduction of recombinant FSH. Materials and methods. Two groups of mature female Wistar rats were used in the study. The experimental group consisted of 35 rats with a model of follicular ovarian cysts, while 25 rats were in the control group.Rats were taken out of the experiment on days 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60. Paraffin slides of ovaries were stained with hematoxylin and eosin by Van Gieson. Histological and morphometric investigations were performed.Results. On day 7 of FSH administration, the maximum increase in the size of the ovaries was observed due to the formation of single-cell follicular cysts. Rats in the experimental group showed a marked decrease in the number of growing follicles on day 7 and 15. The increase in atretic bodies and follicles in comparison with the control group was observed on day 7 and lasted until the end of the experiment. Additionally, on day 7 of the experiment, hyperemia and vasoconstriction were noted. The number of yellow bodies decreased during the experiment, and an increase in collagen formation occurred starting from day 15 of the experiment.Conclusion. The introduction of follicle-stimulating hormone for 7 days leads to disruption of folliculogenesis, strengthening of atresia in the ovaries, and the formation of functional cysts.Цель исследования. Изучить морфологические изменения яичников при введении рекомбинантного фолликулостимулирующего гормона.Материал и методы. Эксперимент проведен на половозрелых белых самках крыс линии Wistar. Основную группу составили 35 животных с моделью функциональных кист яичников, контрольную – 25 интактных животных. Крысы выводились из эксперимента на 3-и, 7-е, 15-, 30- и 60-е сут. Проведены гистологическое и морфометрическое исследования на депарафинированных срезах яичников, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином и по Ван Гизону.Результаты. На 7-е сут введения фолликулостимулирующего гормона наблюдалось максимальное увеличение размеров яичников за счет формирования однокамерных функциональных кист. У животных основной группы отмечалось выраженное снижение количества растущих фолликулов на 7- и 15-е сут.Увеличение количества атретических фолликулов и тел по сравнению с таковым в группе контроля наблюдалось с 7-х сут и продолжалось до 60-х сут эксперимента. На 7-е сут эксперимента отмечались гиперемия и полнокровие сосудов. Количество желтых тел уменьшалось в ходе эксперимента. Отмечалось усиление процессов коллагенообразования, начиная с 15-х сут эксперимента.Заключение. Введение фолликулостимулирующего гормона в течение 7 сут приводит к нарушению процессов фолликулогенеза, усилению процессов атрезии в яичниках и формированию функциональных кис

Synergetic Effect of Ni2P/SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 Physical Mixture in Hydrodeoxygenation of Methyl Palmitate

The Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst, which was prepared by in situ temperature-programmed reduction and in the mixture with the inert (SiC, SiO2) or acidic (γ-Al2O3) material was studied in methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Methyl palmitate HDO was carried out at temperatures of 270–330 °C, H2/feed volume ratio of 600 Nm3/m3, and H2 pressure of 3.0 MPa. Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst, diluted with γ-Al2O3 showed a higher activity than Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst diluted with SiC or SiO2. The conversion of methyl palmitate increased significantly in the presence of γ-Al2O3 most probably due to the acceleration of the acid-catalyzed reaction of ester hydrolysis. The synergism of Ni2P/SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 in methyl palmitate HDO can be explained by the cooperation of the metal sites of Ni2P/SiO2 and the acid sites of γ-Al2O3 in consecutive metal-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed reactions of HDO. The obtained results let us conclude that the balancing of metal and acid sites plays an important role in the development of the efficient catalyst for the HDO of fatty acid esters over supported phosphide catalysts

HDO of Methyl Palmitate over Silica-Supported Ni Phosphides: Insight into Ni/P Effect

Two sets of silica-supported nickel phosphide catalysts with a nickel content of about 2.5 and 10 wt % and Ni/P molar ratio 2/1, 1/1 and 1/2 in each set, were prepared by way of a temperature-programmed reduction method using (Ni(CH3COO)2) and ((NH4)2HPO4) as a precursor. The NixPy/SiO2 catalysts were characterized using chemical analysis N2 physisorption, XRD, TEM, 31P MAS NMR. Methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) was performed in a trickle-bed reactor at 3 MPa and 290 °C with LHSV ranging from 0.3 to 16 h−1. The Ni/P ratio was found to affect the nickel phosphide phase composition, POx groups content and catalytic properties in methyl palmitate HDO with the TOF increased along with a decline of Ni/P ratio and a growth of POx groups’ content. Taking into account the possible routes of methyl palmitate conversion (metal-catalyzed hydrogenolysis or acid-catalyzed hydrolysis), we proposed that the enhancement of acid POx groups’ content with the Ni/P ratio decrease provides an enhancement of the rate of methyl palmitate conversion through the acceleration of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis

Electrochemical Synthesis of Zirconium Pre-Catalysts for Homogeneous Ethylene Oligomerization

The catalytic activity of electrochemically synthesized zirconium carboxylates was studied in the process of ethylene oligomerization. Zirconium carboxylates were electrochemically synthesized directly from metallic zirconium and corresponding carboxylic acids (acetic, octanoic and lauric). A comprehensive study (element analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)) of the synthesized zirconium carboxylates showed that these species contain bidentate carboxylate moieties. It was shown that obtained zirconium carboxylates, in combination with Et3Al2Cl3 (Al/Zr = 20), have a moderate activity of (7.6–9.9) × 103 molC2H4⋅molZr−1⋅h−1 in terms of ethylene oligomerization (at T = 80 °C, p = 20 bar), leading to even-numbered C4–C10 linear alpha-olefins

Support Effect on the Performance of Ni2P Catalysts in the Hydrodeoxygenation of Methyl Palmitate

The effect of support nature, SiO2 and γ-Al2O3, on physicochemical and catalytic properties of nickel phosphide catalysts in methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) has been considered. Firstly, alumina-supported nickel phosphide catalysts prepared by temperature-programmed reduction method starting from different precursors (phosphate–Ni(NO3)2 and (NH4)2HPO4 or phosphite–Ni(OH)2 and H3PO3) were compared using elemental analysis, N2 physisorption, H2-TPR, XRD, TEM, NH3-TPD, 27Al and 31P MAS NMR techniques and catalytic experiments. The mixture of nickel phosphide phases was produced from phosphate precursor on alumina while using of phosphite precursor provides Ni2P formation with the higher activity in methyl palmitate HDO. Besides, the comparative study of the performances of Ni2P/SiO2 and Ni2P/Al2O3 catalysts demonstrates the apparent superiority of alumina-supported Ni2P in the methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation. Considering the tentative scheme of methyl palmitate transformation, we proposed that cooperation of Ni2P and acid sites on the surface of alumina provides the enhanced activity of alumina-supported Ni2P through the acceleration of acid-catalysed hydrolysis