Sildenafil alters biogenic amines and increases oxidative damage in brain regions of insulin-hypoglycemic rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sildenafil on dopamine, 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain of hypoglycemic rats. The animals were treated intraperitoneally as follows: group 1 (control), saline solution; group 2, insulin (10 U per rat or 50 U kg–1); group 3, insulin + single dose of sildenafil (50 U kg–1 + 50 mg kg–1); group 4, insulin + three doses of sildenafil every 24 hours (50 U kg–1 + 50 mg kg–1). In groups 2, 3 and 4, insulin was administered every 24 hours for 10 days. Blood glucose was measured after the last treatment. On the last day of the treatment, the animals´ brains were extracted to measure the levels of oxidative stress markers [H2O2, Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation (TBARS)], dopamine and 5-HIAA in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata by validated methods. The results suggest that administration of insulin in combination with sildenafil induces hypoglycemia and hypotension, enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines. Administration of insulin and sildenafil promotes biometabolic responses in glucose control, namely, it induces hypoglycemia and hypotension. It also enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines

Elevated Plasma Endothelin-1 and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Children Exposed to Air Pollution

BackgroundControlled exposures of animals and humans to particulate matter (PM) or ozone air pollution cause an increase in plasma levels of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor that regulates pulmonary arterial pressure.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this field study was to determine whether Mexico City children, who are chronically exposed to levels of PM and O3 that exceed the United States air quality standards, have elevated plasma endothelin-1 levels and pulmonary arterial pressures.MethodsWe conducted a study of 81 children, 7.9 ± 1.3 years of age, lifelong residents of either northeast (n = 19) or southwest (n = 40) Mexico City or Polotitlán (n = 22), a control city with PM and O3 levels below the U.S. air quality standards. Clinical histories, physical examinations, and complete blood counts were done. Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations were determined by immunoassay, and pulmonary arterial pressures were measured by Doppler echocardiography.ResultsMexico City children had higher plasma endothelin-1 concentrations compared with controls (p < 0.001). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was elevated in children from both northeast (p < 0.001) and southwest (p < 0.05) Mexico City compared with controls. Endothelin-1 levels in Mexico City children were positively correlated with daily outdoor hours (p = 0.012), and 7-day cumulative levels of PM air pollution < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) before endothelin-1 measurement (p = 0.03).ConclusionsChronic exposure of children to PM2.5 is associated with increased levels of circulating endothelin-1 and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure

Options. Journal of the UNAB Financial Engineering Program. Volume 4 No. 7 June 2010

Las opiniones contenidas en los artículos de esta revista no vinculan a la institución sino que son de exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores, dentro de los principios democráticos de cátedra libre y libertad de expresión, consagrados en el artículo 3° del Estatuto General de la Corporación Autónoma de Bucaramanga. El material de esta publicación puede ser reproducido sín autorización, siempre y cuando se mencione su procedencia y el Programa de Ingeniería Financiera de la UNAB reciba un ejemplar de su publicación.Editorial. - 5 Los mercados de energía eléctrica en América Latina y Europa. - 7 Perfil del emprendedor en Bucaramanga. - 19 CRM o el camino a la calidad del servicio. - 30 Importancia del XBRL. - 37 Diseño y evaluación financiera de la creación de un centro de maquinaria agrícola para los cultivadores de tabaco del Huila y su impacto en la estructura de costos del cultivo. 41 Importancia de la intervención del estado colombiano en el sistema financiero. - 50 Análisis y valoración del riesgo de precio de energía eléctrica en Colombia. - 55The opinions contained in the articles of this magazine do not bind the institution but are exclusive responsibility of the authors, within the democratic principles of free teaching and freedom of expression, enshrined in article 3 of the General Statute of the Autonomous Corporation of Bucaramanga. The material in this publication may be reproduced without authorization, as long as its origin and the Financial Engineering Program of UNAB receives a copy of your publication

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación de la falla cardiaca en población mayor de 18 años, clasificación B, C y D

La falla cardíaca es un síndrome clínico caracterizado por síntomas y signos típicos de insuficiencia cardíaca, adicional a la evidencia objetiva de una anomalía estructural o funcional del corazón. Guía completa 2016. Guía No. 53Población mayor de 18 añosN/

The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of Oxidative Stress

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dysfunction of the dopamine system has been implicated in different nervous system diseases. The level of dopamine transmission increases in response to any type of reward and by a large number of strongly additive drugs. The role of dopamine dysfunction as a consequence of oxidative stress is involved in health and disease. Introduce new potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions based on antioxidant compounds. The present review focuses on the therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds as a coadjuvant treatment to conventional neurological disorders is discussed

Estudio zonal de películas de GaInAsSb/GaSb por fotorreflectancia

Por medio de la técnica de fotorreflectancia en el Infrarrojo cercano (FR-IR) se realizó el estudio zonal en la superficie de dos películas de Ga 1-X In X As Y Sb 1-Y fabricadas por la técnica de epitaxia en fase líquida. Las muestras AS12 y M45TQ fueron crecidas a 529 °C y 530 °C respectivamente, sobre sustratos de GaSb:Te con orientación cristalográfica (100), a partir de dos soluciones que difieren levemente en el contenido de As. Los espectros fueron tomados a una temperatura de 12 K para diferentes posiciones espaciales en la superficie de las películas y analizados con expresiones reportadas extensamente en la literatura especializada. De los respectivos análisis se obtuvieron para cada una de las muestras las dependencias de las energías de transición y los parámetros de ensanchamiento con la posición espacial. En este trabajo también se presenta el estudio comparativo de la respuesta óptica de cada material, logrando identificar las zonas espaciales en las cuales las muestras exhiben mayor densidad de defectos

Efecto de la desnutrición pre y posnatal y la exposición posnatal a vapores de tolueno sobre el desempeño en campo abierto en ratas

El objetivo, del presente estudio fue investigar los efectos de la desnutrición prenatal y posnatal, y la exposición posnatal a vapores de tolueno, sobre la actividad conductual en campo abierto en ratas wistar. Material y métodos: se desnutrieron ratas hembras vírgenes, con el 50% del alimento que consumían las ratas nutridas. Esta dieta se inició desde tres semanas antes de la cruza y se mantuvo durante la gestación, lactancia y hasta los 60 días de vida posnatal de los críos. La inhalación de tolueno en los críos se llevó a cabo de los 40 a los 60 días de edad. La dosis de tolueno fue de 0.4 ml y el cual se colocó en una cámara de cristal con capacidad de 3.7 l durante 15 minutos por día. Se formaron 6 grupos con 10-14 animales, tres grupos bien nutridos, el mantenido en condiciones de laboratorio (N), expuesto a vapores de tolueno (NT) y control de manejo (NM), y tres grupos desnutridos, el mantenidos en condiciones de laboratorio (D), expuesto a vapores de tolueno (DT) y control de manejo (DM). Los animales de cada uno de los grupos se sometieron a una prueba de desempeño en campo abierto en la que se filmó su desplazamiento en una caja de madera de 100 x 100 x 45 cm durante 5 minutos. Se calculó la distancia total recorrida por medio de un monitor. El peso y recorrido fueron analizados con Bonferroni, bolos fecales U de Mann-Witney y acicalamiento con ANOVA. Resultados: la desnutrición y la exposición mostraron acción aditiva reduciendo significativamente el peso corporal de las ratas. Las ratas de los grupos nutridos y desnutridos, que se introdujeron en la cámara de inhalación pero sin el solvente (NM y DM), desplegaron mayor actividad en el campo abierto en tanto que los grupos sometidos al solvente mostraron menor actividad. Discusión: la desnutrición y el manejo por separado indujeron mayor actividad motora comparada con el grupo control sano; la exposición al solvente redujo la actividad

β-Cyclodextrin and oleic acid increase levels of dopamine and potentiates oxidative damage in young and adult rat brain

Abstract Background Cyclodextrins are active pharmaceutical ingredients to treat neurological diseases by reducing neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to test if combined consumption of β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and Oleic acid (OA) potentiates brain antioxidant protection. Methods Four groups of young Wistar rats, grouped in 6 animals each, were treated as follows: Group (G) 1, saline solution 0.9% (control); G2, BCD (0.7 g/kg); G3, OA (15 ml/kg); G4, BCD + OA. The same design was assayed for groups of adult rats. Treatments were daily administered by oral means for five consecutive days. On the last day of administration, brains of the animals were extracted to measure dopamine, 5-HIAA, glutathione (GSH), ATPase, Lipoperoxidation and H2O2. Results Oleic acid and β-cyclodextrin upgraded the levels of dopamine, 5-HIAA and lipid peroxidation and downgraded the concentrations of GSH and H2O2 in cortex, hemispheres (striatum) and cerebellum/medulla oblongata regions. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that combined use of oleic acid and β-cyclodextrin may increase oxidative damage in brain regions and promote alteration in dopamine and 5-HIAA amines and hence, constitutes health risks among age of subjects

Sildenafil alters biogenic amines and increases oxidative damage in brain regions of insulin-hypoglycemic rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sildenafil on dopamine, 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the brain of hypoglycemic rats. The animals were treated intraperitoneally as follows: group 1 (control), saline solution; group 2, insulin (10 U per rat or 50 U kg−1); group 3, insulin + single dose of sildenafil (50 U kg−1 + 50 mg kg–1); group 4, insulin + three doses of sildenafil every 24 hours (50 U kg−1 + 50 mg kg−1). In groups 2, 3 and 4, insulin was administered every 24 hours for 10 days. Blood glucose was measured after the last treatment. On the last day of the treatment, the animals´ brains were extracted to measure the levels of oxidative stress markers [H2O2, Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation (TBARS)], dopamine and 5-HIAA in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata by validated methods. The results suggest that administration of insulin in combination with sildenafil induces hypoglycemia and hypotension, enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines. Administration of insulin and sildenafil promotes biometabolic responses in glucose control, namely, it induces hypoglycemia and hypotension. It also enhances oxidative damage and provokes changes in the brain metabolism of biogenic amines

Riboflavin and pyridoxine restore dopamine levels and reduce oxidative stress in brain of rats

Abstract Background Neurological disorders suggest that the excitotoxicity involves a drastic increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The presence of these free radicals may also affect the dopaminergic system. The aim of this work was to determine if riboflavin (B2) and pyridoxine (B6) provide protection to the brain against free radicals generated by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) by measuring the levels of dopamine (DA) and selected oxidative stress markers. Methods Male Fisher rats were grouped (n = 6) and treated as follows: group 1, control (NaCl 0.9%); group 2, 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 3, B2 (10 mg/kg); group 4, B2 (10 mg/kg) + 3-NPA (20 mg/kg); group 5, B6 (10 mg/kg) and group 6, B6 + 3-NPA. All treatments were administered every 24 h for 5 days by intraperitoneal route. After sacrifice, the brain was obtained to measure DA, GSH, and lipid peroxidation, Ca2+, Mg2+, ATPase and H2O2. Main findings Levels of dopamine increased in cortex, striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of animals that received 3-NPA alone. The lipid peroxidation increased in cortex, striatum, and cerebellum/medulla oblongata, of animals treated with B2 vitamin alone. ATPase dependent on Ca+2, Mg+2 and H2O2 increased in all regions of animals that received 3-NPA alone. Conclusion The results confirm the capacity of 3-NPA to generate oxidative stress. Besides, the study suggests that B2 or B6 vitamins restored the levels of DA and reduced oxidative stress in brain of rats. We believe that these results would help in the study of neurodegenerative diseases