The Lateglacial history of Bassenthwaite Lake and adjacent areas, Lake District, UK; a sub-bottom profiling and geomorphological investigation

The glacial history of Bassenthwaite Lake and adjacent areas is poorly understood despite the English Lake District being a key area for assessing the dynamics of the British-Irish ice sheet. This project undertook geomorphological mapping and sub-surface geophysical investigations in order to investigate the glacial history of Bassenthwaite Lake. Drumlins and moraine ridges adjacent to the lake point to a relatively simple ice advance and retreat during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), but sub-bottom profile data from the lake floor suggests a more complex glacial history with a lower basement till or bedrock overlain by glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial sediments. An eroded lower till or bedrock illustrates erosion potentially taking place during LGM ice coverage with the Bassenthwaite basin entirely inundated at this period. Moraine ridges along the length of Bassenthwaite Lake illustrate punctuated retreat of a constrained Lateglacial valley glacier. In addition to this, ice-marginal fluctuations are recorded through localised deformation within glaciolacustrine sediments. Continued retreat of the glacier results in the deposition of an upper glaciolacustrine sequence with ice-berg rafted debris identified. The identification of a re-advance till unit and the deformation of a lower glaciolacustrine sequence illustrates a fluctuating ice margin, which in some places re-advanced up to ~ 1 km and points to a dynamic ice mass occupying the Bassenthwaite basin. A drumlin was also investigated through sub-bottom profiling and was interpreted to have been created through erosion of the underlying bedrock. Following this, sedimentary packages overlie and infill the drumlin with two glacier re-advance events resulting in drumlinisation. It is clear that sub-bottom profiling has the potential to illustrate the internal composition and structure of submerged drumlins in addition to providing valuable information into Lateglacial glacier retreat dynamics

Wage Flexibility and Unemployment Dynamics in Regional Labor Markets

Hyclak and Johnes explore the extent to which wage rigidity differs across regional labor markets in the U.S. and how it affects the unemployment response to shifts in regional aggregate demand. They also look at the determinants of differences in wage rigidity across regional labor markets.https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/1090/thumbnail.jp

Who wants to be a surgeon? A study of 300 first year medical students

BACKGROUND: While medicine in general is becoming more female-dominated, women are still under-represented in surgery. Opinion is divided as to whether this is due to lifestyle considerations, disinterest or perceived discrimination. It is not clear at what stage these careers decisions are made. METHODS: 300 first year medical students at Guy's King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine (GKT) were asked their view on possible career choices at this stage. RESULTS: While men represented only 38% of the student population, they represented over two-thirds of the students wishing to pursue a career in surgery. Women still opt for general practice and paediatrics. CONCLUSION: Surgery is a disproportionately unpopular career choice of the female first-year medical students of GKT compared to the male students. It appears that the choice is freely made and, at this stage at least, does not represent concerns about compatibility with lifestyle

Exploring the reality of density substructures in the Palomar 5 stellar stream

We present an analysis of the presence of substructures in the stellar stream of the Palomar 5 globular cluster, as derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. Using a matched filter technique, we recover the positions and sizes of overdensities reported in previous studies. To explore the reality of these structures, we also create an artificial model of the stream, in which we construct a realistic background on top of which we add a perfectly smooth stream structure, taking into account the effects of photometric completeness and interstellar extinction. We find that the smooth artificial stream then shows similarly-pronounced substructures as the real structure. Interestingly, our best-fit N-body simulation does display real projected density variations linked to stellar epicyclic motions, but these become less significant when taking into account the SDSS star-count constraints. The substructures found when applying our matched filter technique to the N-body particles converted into observable stars are thus mostly unrelated to these epicyclic motions. This analysis suggests that the majority of the previously-detected substructures along the tidal tail of Palomar 5 are artefacts of observational inhomogeneities.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Rethinking EU Consumer Law

In Rethinking EU Consumer Law, the authors analyse the development of EU consumer law on the basis of a number of clear themes, which are then traced through specific areas. Recurring themes include the artificiality of the EU’s consumer image, the problems created by the drive towards maximum harmonisation, and the unexpected effects EU Consumer Law has had on national law. The book argues that EU Consumer Law has the potential of enhancing the protecting of consumers throughout the EU and could offer a model for consumer law elsewhere in the world, but in order to unlock this potential, there needs to be a rethink with regard to the EU’s approach to consumer law and policy

Rethinking EU Consumer Law

This title is published in Open Access with the support of the University of Helsinki.In Rethinking EU Consumer Law, the authors analyse the development of EU consumer law on the basis of a number of clear themes, which are then traced through specific areas. Recurring themes include the artificiality of the EU’s consumer image, the problems created by the drive towards maximum harmonisation, and the unexpected effects EU Consumer Law has had on national law. The book argues that EU Consumer Law has the potential of enhancing the protecting of consumers throughout the EU and could offer a model for consumer law elsewhere in the world, but in order to unlock this potential, there needs to be a rethink with regard to the EU’s approach to consumer law and policy

Encouraging innovation

The second annual report of the Government Chief Scientific Adviser (GCSA), Sir Mark Walport, looks at the power of forensic science and its many applications. The report draws on evidence provided by experts in several fields. It covers the use of forensic analysis within the criminal justice system through to the prevention, deterrence and detection of fraudulent products and services

Integrating planning and environmental protection : an analysis of post-Brexit regulatory styles and practitioner attitudes in the UK

Acknowledgements: We are grateful for the support of the Royal Town Planning Institute, who commissioned the research on which this paper is based, and to the reviewers and editors from Planning Theory and Practice for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the paper.Peer reviewedPostprin