Impacts d'un processus de coaching de gestion sur le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle au leadership

RÉSUMÉ: Le coaching de gestion constitue une pratique émergente. Il se présente comme un moyen efficace du développement personnel et professionnel (Moën et Skaalvik, 2009). Le marché mondial du coaching en 2015 s’élève à 2,356 milliards USD , dont 955 milliards USD en Amérique du Nord. Toutefois, bien que le coaching soit une pratique en pleine croissance, peu d’études empiriques sont répertoriées. Baron et Morin (2009) recensent quelques études scientifiques démontrant que le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle est le principal résultat découlant du coaching de gestion. Le but de cette recherche s’intéresse à mesurer l’effet du coaching de gestion sur le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle au leadership des gestionnaires (Moën, 2010; Moën et Federici, 2012). La variable indépendante est le coaching de gestion. La variable dépendante est le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle au leadership. Moën (2010) décline le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle au leadership en quatre dimensions clés : le management – les habiletés de gestion – le développement et l’apprentissage de ses employés – les compétences relationnelles et la gestion des objectifs. Au regard de la théorie du sentiment d’efficacité au leadership selon Moën (2010), la présente étude prévoit qu’en contexte québécois, la moyenne du sentiment d’efficacité au leadership d’un groupe de gestionnaires bénéficiant du coaching de gestion obtient des résultats supérieurs à ceux d’un groupe de gestionnaires n’en ayant pas bénéficié. Il s’agit d’un devis expérimental avec un groupe de comparaison. Trois-cent-vingt-sept (327) gestionnaires ont été invités à participer à l’étude et 33 % de ceux-ci composent l’échantillon. Tous les participants sont à l’emploi de trois entreprises différentes. Ces entreprises présentent des caractéristiques semblables et elles détiennent leur siège social dans la province du Québec au Canada. Les résultats soutiennent que le coaching de gestion a un effet positif à la hausse sur une des dimensions-clé du sentiment d’efficacité au leadership. De plus, il y a une différence significative selon que le coaching de gestion soit dispensé par un coach interne ou un coach externe. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en français : coaching, coaching de gestion, sentiment d’efficacité au leadership, sentiment d’efficacité personnelle, leadership. -- ABSTRACT: Management coaching is a developing practice, and is shown to be an effective means of individual and professional development (Moën and Skaalvik, 2009). The 2015 global coaching market is estimated at US{dollar}2.356 billion , including US{dollar}955 billion for North America. But even though coaching is ever-growing in popularity, few empirical studies about the practice have been recorded. Baron and Morin (2009) list some scientific studies, showing that the main result of management coaching is the feeling of self-efficacy. The objective of this study focuses on measuring the effect of management coaching on managers' feeling of leadership self-efficacy (Moën, 2010; Moën and Federici, 2012); the independent variable is management coaching, and the dependent variable is the feeling of leadership self-efficacy. Moën (2010) states that there are four key aspects to a feeling of leadership self-efficacy: management (managerial abilities), employees' development and learning, interpersonal relationship skills, and managing objectives. In view of Moën's (2010) theory of leadership self-efficacy, the present study foresees that in the Quebec context, the feeling of leadership self-efficacy in a group of managers receiving management coaching is, on average, superior to that of a group of managers who have not received such coaching. This is an experimental "after" approach only, using a comparison group. Three hundred and twenty seven managers were invited to participate in the research, and 33 percent of them comprise the study's sample. The participants are all employees of three separate companies, which have similar characteristics and whose head offices are in the province of Quebec, Canada. The results underscore that management coaching has an increasingly positive effect on one of the key aspects of leadership self-efficacy. As well, there is a significant difference in the results depending on if the management coaching methodology is carried out by an internal or external coach practitioner. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : coaching, management coaching, feeling of leadership effectiveness, feeling of self-efficacy, leadership

Systematic review of randomized controlled trials

PRIFPRI3; HarvestPlusHarvestPlu

Effect of iron supplementation on physical performance in children and adolescents: systematic review of randomized controlled trials

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on physical performance in children (0-18 years) through systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases, personal files, handsearch of reviews, bibliographies of books, abstracts and proceedings of international conferences. REVIEW METHODS: RCTs with interventions that included oral or parenteral iron supplementation, fortified formula milk, or cereals were evaluated. The physical performance outcomes studied were heart rate, treadmill endurance times, blood lactate, and oxygen consumption. RESULTS: A total of three studies were included, in all of which iron was supplemented in the form of oral medicinal iron. At 5, 6 and 7 miles per hour running speeds, the pooled weighted mean (95% Cl) difference (WMD) in the heart rate (per minute) between the iron and the placebo, following exercise was -7.3 (-19.6, 4.9; p = 0.241), -6.6 (- 19.9, 6.6; p = 0.327), and -8.0 (-19.7, 3.7; p = 0.182), respectively. After excluding the study with nonanemic subjects, the corresponding figures were -13.1 (-23.2, -3.1; p= 0.01), -14.2 (-22.3, -6.1; p = 0.001) and -12.7 (-23.5, 1.9; p = 0.021), respectively. Oxygen consumption, estimated in two studies, showed no significant difference between the treatment groups. Blood lactate levels were estimated in one study only at two different doses of iron, and were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in iron supplemented group in comparison to placebo both before (7.71 and 7.55 mg/dL versus 8.43 mg/dL) and after (14.36 and 14.35 mg/dL versus 16.48 mg/dL) exercise. Treadmill endurance time was significantly better in iron supplemented group when compared with placebo in one study. CONCLUSIONS: Iron supplementation may have a positive effect on the physical performance of children, as evaluated through the post exercise heart rate in anemic subjects, blood lactate levels and treadmill endurance time. In view of the limited data availability, this finding cannot be considered conclusive

Effect of iron supplementation on haemoglobin response in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on haemoglobin (Hb) in children through a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases, personal files, hand search of reviews, bibliographies of books, and abstracts and proceedings of international conferences were reviewed. Randomised controlled trials evaluating change in Hb levels with interventions that included oral or parenteral iron supplementation or iron-fortified formula milk or cereals were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 55 trials (56 cohorts) provided relevant information. Publication bias was evident (P < 0.001). The pooled estimate (random-effects model) for change in Hb with iron supplementation (weighted mean difference) was 0.74 g/dL (95% CI, 0.61-0.87; P < 0.001; P < 0.001 for heterogeneity). Lower baseline Hb level, oral medicinal iron supplementation, and malarial nonhyperendemic region were significant predictors of greater Hb response and heterogeneity. Projections suggested that, on average, between 37.9% and 62.3% of baseline anaemia (Hb <11 g/dL) was responsive to iron supplementation among children under 6 years of age; the corresponding range for malarial hyperendemic regions was 5.8% to 31.8%. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that iron supplementation increases Hb levels in children significantly but modestly. The increase is greater in subjects who are anaemic at the start of the trial and lower in malarial hyperendemic areas and in those consuming iron-fortified food. The projected reductions in prevalence of anaemia with iron supplementation alone highlight the need for additional area-specific interventions, particularly in malaria-prone regions

Effect of iron-fortified foods on hematologic and biological outcomes: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials

PRIFPRI3; ISI; HarvestPlus; CRP4HarvestPlus; A4NHCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH

Lipid based nutrient supplements (LNS) for treatment of children (6 months to 59 months) with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM): A systematic review.

Moderate acute malnutrition is a major public health problem affecting children from low- and middle-income countries. Lipid nutrient supplements have been proposed as a nutritional intervention for its treatment.To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of LNS for the treatment of MAM in infants and children 6 to 59 months of age.Systematic review of randomized-controlled trials and controlled before-after studies.Data from nine trials showed that use of LNS, in comparison to specially formulated foods, improved the recovery rate (RR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02-1.14, 8 RCTs, 8934 participants, low quality evidence); decreased the chances of no recovery (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.58-0.85, 7 RCTs, 8364 participants, low quality evidence) and the risk of deterioration into severe acute malnutrition (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.73-1.03, 6 RCTs, 6788 participants, low quality evidence). There was little impact on mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.54-1.52, 8 RCTs, 8364 participants, very-low- quality evidence) or default rate (RR 1.32; 95% CI 0.73-2.4, 7 studies, 7570 participants, low quality evidence). There was improvement in weight gain, weight-for-height z-scores, height-for-age z-scores and mid-upper arm circumference. Subset analyses suggested higher recovery rates with greater amount of calories provided and with ready-to-use therapeutic foods, in comparison to ready-to-use supplementary foods. One study comparing LNS with nutritional counselling (very low quality evidence) showed higher chance of recovery, lower risk of deteriorating into severe acute malnutrition and lower default rate, with no impact on mortality, and no recovery.Evidence restricted to the African regions suggests that LNS may be slightly more effective than specially formulated fortified foods or nutritional counselling in recovery from MAM, lowering the risk of deterioration into SAM, and improving weight gain with little impact on mortality or default rate

Meteorological synoptical observations from station Minamitorishima (2017-06)

<p>Forest plot: Lipid-based nutrient supplement versus Specially formulated micronutrient fortified foods, outcome: 1.19 Length Gain (mm/d).</p

Other measurements at 10 m from station Rock Springs (2017-07)

<p>Forest plot: Lipid-based nutrient supplement versus Specially formulated micronutrient fortified foods, outcome: 1.26 Change in Hemoglobin [gm/dL].</p

Forest plot: Lipid-based nutrient supplement versus Specially formulated micronutrient fortified foods, outcome: 1.6 Recovery from moderate acute malnutrition (SUBGROUP: Calories provided).

<p>Forest plot: Lipid-based nutrient supplement versus Specially formulated micronutrient fortified foods, outcome: 1.6 Recovery from moderate acute malnutrition (SUBGROUP: Calories provided).</p