Combined anomalous origin of a left inferior thyroid artery and a left vertebral artery: a case report

An abnormal origin of a left inferior thyroid artery from the left vertebral artery that in turn originated from the aortic arch was observed on a 72-year-old Caucasian male cadaver during a dissection anatomy practice. We describe in detail the morphology of this extremely rare anatomical variation and refer to its clinical importance

Bilateral rectus femoris intramuscular haematoma following simultaneous quadriceps strain in an athlete: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Bilateral rectus femoris haematoma following a simultaneous strain of the quadriceps muscles is a very rare condition.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 21-year-old Greek Caucasian female rowing athlete who was injured on both thighs. She complained of pain and inability to walk. Physical examination revealed tenderness over the thighs and restriction of knee movement. The result of a roentgenogram was normal, and there was no evidence of fracture or patella displacement. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed haematoma formation in both the rectus femoris muscles. The diameters of the left and right haematomas within the muscles were 6 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Therapeutic approaches included compression bandages, ice application, rest, elevation, and administration of muscle relaxant drugs. Active stretching and isometric exercises were performed after three days. The patient was able to walk using crutches two days after the initiation of treatment. On the seventh day, she had regained her full ability to walk without crutches. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered on the fifth day and continued for one week. Six weeks later, she had pain-free function and the result of magnetic resonance imaging was normal. She was able to resume her training programme and two weeks later, she returned to her previous sport activities and competitions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There are references in the literature regarding the occurrence of unilateral quadriceps haematomas following strain and bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture in athletes. Simultaneous bilateral rectus femoris haematomas after a muscle strain is a rare condition. It must be diagnosed early. The three phases of treatment are rest, knee mobilization, and restoration of quadriceps function.</p

MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF PALATINE TONSILS IN EMBRYONIC AGE

PALATINE TONSILS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE SYSTEM , CONSITUTING TO FIRST ORGAN IS LYMPH SYSTEM WHICH ACCEPT , ANALYZE AND REACT TOANTIGENIC STIMULATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT.COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT OF TONSILS IS CREATED AFTER BIRTH UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ANTIGENS.THE EMBRYOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT OF PALATINE TONSILS SEEMS TO BE THA SAME AS THAT OF THE THYMUS GLAND.TIHS RESEARCH INVESTIGATED THE PERITONSILLAR AREA OF WALDEYER'S RING IN 88 NORMAL HUMAN EMBRYOS WHICH WERE EXAMINED (MORE SPEC IFFICALLY 4 EMBRYOS EVERY EMBRYONIC WEEK , FROM 14TH TO 35TH ).THIS STUDY WAS PERFORMED BY MICROSCOPE USING MULTIPLE HISTOLOGICAL SECTIONS STAINED BY HAEMATOXYLINE - EOSINE AND WITH IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFIED B-LYMPHOCYTES WITH THE L26 MARKER , T-LYMP HOCYTES WITH THE UCHL-1 MARKER AND EPITHELIAL CELLS WITH THE ANTIGENS OF EPITHILIAL MEMBRANE (EMA) AND KERATINE.THIS INVESTIGATION CAME TO THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS.1)PALATINE TONSILS MUST BE CONSIDERED AS DERIVING INDIRECTLY FROM BRANCHIALCLEFT TISSUE , SIMILAR TO THE DEVELOPMENT WAY OF THYMUS GLAND.2)THE BEGINNING OF PALATINE TONSILS'S APPEARENCE IS AT ABOUT THE 14TH-15TH WEEK . 3)DEVELOPMENT OF LYMPHOCYTIC TISSUE FOLLOWS THE THE CREATION OF EPITHILIAL INVAGINATIONS AND CRYPTS.4)APPEARENCE OF PRIMARY LY MPH FOLLICIES TAKES PLACE ABOUT THE 26TH -27TH WEEK WITH PARALLEL APEARENCE OF T-CELLS(PARAFOLLICULAR. 5) THEREIS PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX EPITHILIAL INVAGINATIONS(TUBULES AND CRYPTS) WITH PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT OF LYMPHOCYTIC TISSUE. 6) IN EMBRY ONIC LIFE GERMINA CENTERS IN TONSILLAR (ABSTRACT TRUNCATEDΟΙ ΠΑΡΙΣΘΜΙΕΣ ΑΜΥΓΔΑΛΕΣ ΠΑΙΖΟΥΝ ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΟ ΡΟΛΟ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΚΑΙ ΔΡΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΑΝΟΣΟΠΟΙΗΤΙΚΟΥ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΩΝΤΑΣ ΤΑ ΠΡΩΤΑ ΟΡΓΑΝΑ ΤΟΥ ΛΕΜΦΙΚΟΥ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΠΟΥ ΔΕΧΟΝΤΑΙ , ΑΝΑΥΟΥΝ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΤΙΔΡΟΥΝ ΣΕ ΙΣΧΥΡΑ ΑΝΤΙΓΟΝΙΚΑ ΕΡΕΘΙΣΜΑΤΑΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ .Η ΠΛΗΡΗΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΤΩΝ ΑΜΥΓΔΑΛΩΝ ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ ΜΕΤΑ ΤΗ ΓΕΝΝΗΣΗ ΚΑΤΩ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΑΝΤΙΓΟΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΥΤΩΝ ΕΡΕΘΙΣΜΑΤΩΝ .Η ΕΜΒΡΥΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΡΙΣΘΜΙΩΝ ΑΜΥΓΔΑΛΩΝ ΟΜΟΙΑΖΕΙ ΜΕ ΑΥΤΗ ΤΟΥ ΘΗΡΟΥ ΑΔΕΝΑ.ΣΤΗ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ ΕΡΕΥΝΑ ΜΕΛΕΤΗΘΗΚΕ Η ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΡΙΣΘΜΙΩΝ ΑΜΥΓΔΑΛ ΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΔΑΚΤΥΛΙΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΣΑΛΔΕΥΕΡ ΣΕ 88 ΑΡΤΙΜΕΛΗ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΑ ΕΜΒΡΥΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΓΚΕΚΡΙΜΕΝΑ ΣΕ 4 ΕΜΒΡΥΑ ΓΙΑ ΚΑΘΕ ΕΜΒΡΥΙΚΗΕΒΟΜΑΔΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗ 14Η ΜΕΧΡΙ ΤΗ 35 Η.Η ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΕΓΙΝΕ ΜΕ ΜΙΚΡΟΣΚΟΠΗΣΗ ΣΕ ΠΟΛΛΑΠΛΕΣΙΣΤΟΛΟΓΙΚΕΣ ΤΟΜΕΣ ΠΑΡΑΦΙΝΗΣ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΧΡΩΣΗ ΑΙΜΑΡΟΞΥΛΙΝΗΣ -ΗΩΣΙΝΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΜΕ ΑΝΟΣΟΙΣΤΟΧΗΜΙΚΕΣ ΧΡΩΣΕΙΣ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΜΕΘΟΔΟ ΤΗΣ ΥΠΕΡΟΞΕΙΔΑΣΗΣ - ΑΝΤΙΥΠΕΡΟΞΕΙΔΑΣΗΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΙΧΝΕΥΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΔΕΙΚΤΗ ΤΩΝ Β-ΛΕΜΦΟΚΥΤΤΑΡΩΝ Λ-26 ΤΟΥ ΔΕΙΚΤΗ ΤΩΝ Τ-ΛΕΜΦΟΚΥΤΤΑΡΩΝ ΘΨΗΛ-1 ΚΑΙ ΤΩΝ ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΑΚΩΝ ΔΕΙΚΤΩΝ, ΑΝΤΙΓΟΝΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΑΚΗΣ ΜΕΜΒΡΑΝΗΣ (ΕΜΑ) ΚΑΙ ΚΕΡΑΤΙΝΗΣ. ΑΠΟ ΟΛΗ ΤΗ ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΠΡΟΕΚΥΨΑΝ ΤΑ ΠΑΡΑΚΑΤΩ ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ.1)ΟΙ ΠΑΡΙΣΙΜΙΕΣ ΑΜΥΓΔΑΛΕΣ ΘΑ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ ΝΑ ΘΕΩΡΗΘΟΥΝ ΩΣ ΕΜΜΕΣΑ ΒΡΑΓΧΙΟΓΕΝΕΙΣ ΔΟΜΕΣ ΜΕ ΟΜΟΙΟΤΗΤΕΣ ΩΣ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟΝ ΤΡΟΠΟ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ ΜΕ ΤΟ ΘΥΜΟ ΑΔΕΝΑ .2)Η ΕΝΑΡΞΗ ΤΩΝ ΠΑΡΙΣΘΜΙΩΝ ΑΜΥΓΔΑΛΩΝ ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΝ 14Η -15Η ΕΒ ΔΟΜΑΔΑ .3)Η ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΤΟΥ ΛΕΜΦΟΚΥΤΤΑΡΟΓΟΜΟΥ ΙΣΤΟΥ ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΠΙΘΗΛΙΑΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΑΔΥΣΕΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΚΡΥΠΤΩΝ.4)Η ΕΝΑΡΞΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΗΣ ΥΠΟΤΙΠΟΔΩΝ ΠΡΩΤΟΓΕΝΝΩΝ ΛΕΜΦΟΖΙΔΙΩΝ ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΝ 16Η -17Η ΕΒΔΟΜΑΔΑ ΜΕ ΠΑΡΑΛΛΗΛΗ ΕΝΑΡΞΗ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΗΣ Τ-ΚΥΤΤΑΡΙΚΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΧ ΩΝ(ΠΑΡΑΛΕΜΦΟΖΙΔΙΑΚΩΝ).5)ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΕΙΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΟΔΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞ

The effect of diclofenac sodium and paracetamol on active and passive range of ankle motion after sprains

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a NSAID, Diclofenac sodium, and an analgesic, Paracetamol in the reduction of pain and in the passive and active range of ankle motion of severe sprains. Ninety patients, 18 to 60 years old, with severe acute ankle sprain were randomized in two groups. Group A (45 patients) were given Diclofenac sodium tabs 75 mg 2 times a day for the first 10 days. The patients in group B (45 patients) received Paracetamol tabs 500 mg, 3 times daily for the pain. The patients had no significant differences concerning their baseline values (p>0.05). The restriction of active and passive ankle range of motion was significant decreased in both groups on the 10th day in comparison to the arrival day (p0.05). The pain decreased in both groups on the third day and the tenth day (p<0.001). According to these results, both Diclofenac sodium and Paracetamol had the same effect on pain reduction, on passive and active range of ankle joint motion after sprains during the first 10 post traumatic days

Solid Serous Adenoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Herein, we report a case of a solid-type serous cystadenoma of the pancreas which is the 16th case reported worldwide and the first ever reported in Greece. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a hypervascular mass in the tail of the pancreas of a 72-year-old female who presented with mild abdominal pain. Distal pancreatectomy was performed by laparotomy and histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed a solid-type serous cystadenoma of the pancreas. Preoperative diagnosis of a solid-type serous cystadenoma of the pancreas is difficult, and, due to its benign nature, simple excision of the tumor is the recommended treatment