Buchbesprechungen

Buchbesprechunge

Dinámica estacional de la vegetación litoral en el complejo lagunar inundable Zapatosa, Colombia

Floodplain lakes and associated wetlands in tropical dry climates are controlled by pronounced and severe seasonal hydrologic fluctuations. We examined the plant community response to a bimodal flooding pattern in the Zapatosa Floodplain Lake Complex (ZFLC), northern Colombia. We measured floristic and quantitative change in four sampling periods emphasizing seasonal differences in plant abundance and life-form structure. Of 79 species identified in the lake complex, 52 were used to characterize eight community types via classification and ordination procedures. Results show that community structure does not change significantly during the flooding/receding stages. But maximum drawdown phase significantly disrupts the aquatic community structure and the exposed shorelines become colonized by ruderal terrestrial plants. Early rainfalls at the beginning of the wet season are emphasized as an important feature of plant regeneration and community development. The general strategy of the ZFLC vegetation can be framed into the flood pulse concept of river-floodplain systems. Thus, plant communities are mainly responding to disturbances and destruction events imposed by extreme water level fluctuations.Las ciénagas y humedales asociados a sistemas fluviales en climas tropicales secos son controlados por fluctuaciones hidrológicas estacionales pronunciadas. En este trabajo se examinó la respuesta de la comunidad vegetal a un patrón bimodal de inundaciones en el complejo de ciénagas de Zapatosa (ZFLC), al norte de Colombia. Se estudiaron los cambios florísticos y cuantitativos de la vegetación en cuatro periodos de muestreo destacando diferencias estacionales en las abundancias y la estructura biotipológica de las plantas. De las 79 especies identificadas en el complejo lagunar, 52 se utilizaron para caracterizar ocho tipos de comunidades mediante tácticas multivariadas de clasificación y ordenación. Los resultados revelan que la estructura de las comunidades no cambia de manera significativa durante los periodos de inundación/sequía. Únicamente la época de máxima sequía altera la estructura de las comunidades acuáticas y el litoral expuesto es colonizado por plantas ruderales terrestres. Las precipitaciones iniciales al inicio de la temporada de lluvias se destacan como una característica importante para la regeneración de las plantas y el desarrollo subsiguiente de las comunidades. La estrategia de sobrevivencia general de la vegetación acuática del ZFLC puede enmarcarse en el concepto de pulso de inundación de los sistemas fluviales inundables. Por lo tanto las comunidades vegetales responden principalmente a los disturbios y la destrucción impuestos por las fluctuaciones extremas del nivel del agua

Seasonal dynamics of the shoreline vegetation in the Zapatosa floodplain lake complex, Colombia

Floodplain lakes and associated wetlands in tropical dry climates are controlled by pronounced and severe seasonal hydrologic fluctuations. We examined the plant community response to a bimodal flooding pattern in the Zapatosa Floodplain Lake Complex (ZFLC), Northern Colombia. We measured floristic and quantitative change in four sampling periods emphasizing seasonal differences in plant abundance and life-form structure. Of 79 species identified in the lake complex, 52 were used to characterize eight community types via classification and ordination procedures. Results showed that community structure does not change significantly during the flooding/receding stages. But maximum drawdown phase significantly disrupts the aquatic community structure and the exposed shorelines become colonized by ruderal terrestrial plants. Early rainfalls at the beginning of the wet season are emphasized as an important feature of plant regeneration and community development. The general strategy of the ZFLC vegetation can be framed into the flood pulse concept of river-floodplain systems. Thus, plant communities are mainly responding to disturbances and destruction events imposed by extreme water level fluctuations. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (3): 1073-1097. Epub 2014 September 01

The macrophyte - floodplain habitat relationship: indicator species, diversity and dominance

We investigated the macrophyte community in a free flowing stretch of the Danube downstream ofVienna, Austria. Aim of the study was to analyze the macrophyte - habitat relationship with respect to depth andconnectivity. Habitat types (HT-1 to HT-5) paralleled those introduced within the Floodplain Index, i.e. they represent a gradient from permanent and lotic to temporary and lentic environments, which were all represented by water bodies inour survey reach. Species number decreased with increasing connectivity to the main channel and temporary waters showed a diminished diversity. Based on community analysis our data confirmed that the macrophyte vegetation can be used as an indicator that separates all the HTs from each other. A high number of indicator species was observed in HT-3, HT-4, and HT-5, indicating the stress on aquatic plants by the water flow in the main channel (HT-1) and in permanently connected side channels (HT-2). With respect to the EC Water Framework Directive, our study partly fills the gap which is still present as regards the deeper knowledge of macrophyte composition in floodplain waters. We also gave numerical proof to the common knowledge that there is a rather great diversity in floodplain water vegetation, determined by connectivity with the main river channel

Distribution of the macrophyte communities in the Danube reflects river serial discontinuity

The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe that is subjected to various man-made alterations, including those related to hydro-power plants. We surveyed and analyzed the presence and abundance of macrophytes in the main channel from 2582 river kilometers (rkm) to 171 rkm. We also assessed selected habitat parameters in the sampled river stretches. Sixty-eight different plant species were recorded along the entire course. Among neophytes, we found Elodea nuttallii, E. canadensis, Vallisneria spiralis and Azolla filiculoides. Based on similarity analysis, we distinguished 15 plant communities, most of which were defined as associations, which were classified into 5 alliances and represented three vegetation classes, namely vegetation of rooted hydrophytes Potamogetonetea, the vegetation of pleustophytes Lemnetea and vegetation of marshes Phragmitetea. The number and abundance of plant species, as well as plant communities recorded in single stretches, varied along the course. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that environmental parameters explained 21% of plant species composition. CCA runs with neophytes explained 41% of the variance, and current velocity, water transparency, species number and bank structure were significant variables. The present study revealed that the free-running sections of the river are poor in number and abundance of plant species, whereas impounded reaches mainly show an opposite result

The relationship between habitat factors and aquatic macrophyte assemblages in the Danube river in Serbia

Our objectives were to offer insight into the characteristics of the physical environment in the River Danube in Serbia; and to show the relationship between selected environmental factors and the composition and abundance of macrophyte species. The macrophyte survey method followed the European Standard EN 14184, applying Kohler’s five-level descriptive scale. Principal component analysis was carried out to examine the variation in aquatic vegetation, and to analyze the effect of environmental variables on the aquatic vegetation, redundancy analysis was used. To build a simpler model with fewer explanatory variables, yet sufficiently explaining species variability, forward selection of environmental variables was done. Our results confirmed that physical environmental factors significantly influence the establishment and structure of macrophyte vegetation, with the level of hydrological connectivity to the main river channel being the most important, followed by the transparency of the water column, sediment texture and water-flow velocity. In order to inspect the individual relation between best-fitted plant species and each of selected environmental variables, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated. We have distinguished plant species with preferences to specific combinations of analyzed factors. Our results provide a background for future, more specific studies on the macrophyte/habitat relationship. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III43002: Bio-sensing technologies and global systems for the continual research and integrative ecosystem management