7,867 research outputs found
Interpolating point spread function anisotropy
Planned wide-field weak lensing surveys are expected to reduce the
statistical errors on the shear field to unprecedented levels. In contrast,
systematic errors like those induced by the convolution with the point spread
function (PSF) will not benefit from that scaling effect and will require very
accurate modeling and correction. While numerous methods have been devised to
carry out the PSF correction itself, modeling of the PSF shape and its spatial
variations across the instrument field of view has, so far, attracted much less
attention. This step is nevertheless crucial because the PSF is only known at
star positions while the correction has to be performed at any position on the
sky. A reliable interpolation scheme is therefore mandatory and a popular
approach has been to use low-order bivariate polynomials. In the present paper,
we evaluate four other classical spatial interpolation methods based on splines
(B-splines), inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis functions (RBF) and
ordinary Kriging (OK). These methods are tested on the Star-challenge part of
the GRavitational lEnsing Accuracy Testing 2010 (GREAT10) simulated data and
are compared with the classical polynomial fitting (Polyfit). We also test all
our interpolation methods independently of the way the PSF is modeled, by
interpolating the GREAT10 star fields themselves (i.e., the PSF parameters are
known exactly at star positions). We find in that case RBF to be the clear
winner, closely followed by the other local methods, IDW and OK. The global
methods, Polyfit and B-splines, are largely behind, especially in fields with
(ground-based) turbulent PSFs. In fields with non-turbulent PSFs, all
interpolators reach a variance on PSF systematics better than
the upper bound expected by future space-based surveys, with
the local interpolators performing better than the global ones
A fluctuation theorem in a random environment
A simple class of chaotic systems in a random environment is considered and
the fluctuation theorem is extended under the assumption of reversibility.Comment: 9 page
Testing baryon-induced core formation in CDM: A comparison of the DC14 and coreNFW dark matter halo models on galaxy rotation curves
Recent cosmological hydrodynamical simulations suggest that baryonic
processes, and in particular supernova feedback after bursts of star formation,
can alter the structure of dark matter haloes and transform primordial cusps
into shallower cores. To assess whether this mechanism offers a solution to the
cusp-core controversy, simulated haloes must be compared to real dark matter
haloes inferred from galaxy rotation curves. For this purpose, two new dark
matter density profiles were recently derived from simulations of galaxies in
complementary mass ranges: the DC14 halo () and the coreNFW halo (). Both models have individually been found to give good fits to
observed rotation curves. For the DC14 model, however, the agreement of the
predicted halo properties with cosmological scaling relations was confirmed by
one study, but strongly refuted by another. A next question is whether the two
models converge to the same solution in the mass range where both should be
appropriate. To investigate this, we tested the DC14 and cNFW halo models on
the rotation curves of a selection of galaxies with halo masses in the range - . We further applied the DC14
model to a set of rotation curves at higher halo masses, up to , to verify the agreement with the cosmological scaling
relations. We find that both models are generally able to reproduce the
observed rotation curves, in line with earlier results, and the predicted dark
matter haloes are consistent with the cosmological and
relations. The DC14 and cNFW models are also in fairly
good agreement with each other, even though DC14 tends to predict slightly less
extended cores and somewhat more concentrated haloes than cNFW.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Resummation of perturbation series and reducibility for Bryuno skew-product flows
We consider skew-product systems on T^d x SL(2,R) for Bryuno base flows close
to constant coefficients, depending on a parameter, in any dimension d, and we
prove reducibility for a large measure set of values of the parameter. The
proof is based on a resummation procedure of the formal power series for the
conjugation, and uses techniques of renormalisation group in quantum field
theory.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figure
Polar ring galaxies as tests of gravity
Polar ring galaxies are ideal objects with which to study the
three-dimensional shapes of galactic gravitational potentials since two
rotation curves can be measured in two perpendicular planes. Observational
studies have uncovered systematically larger rotation velocities in the
extended polar rings than in the associated host galaxies. In the dark matter
context, this can only be explained through dark halos that are systematically
flattened along the polar rings. Here, we point out that these objects can also
be used as very effective tests of gravity theories, such as those based on
Milgromian dynamics (MOND). We run a set of polar ring models using both
Milgromian and Newtonian dynamics to predict the expected shapes of the
rotation curves in both planes, varying the total mass of the system, the mass
of the ring with respect to the host, as well as the size of the hole at the
center of the ring. We find that Milgromian dynamics not only naturally leads
to rotation velocities being typically higher in the extended polar rings than
in the hosts, as would be the case in Newtonian dynamics without dark matter,
but that it also gets the shape and amplitude of velocities correct. Milgromian
dynamics thus adequately explains this particular property of polar ring
galaxies.Comment: 9 pages, 8 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted for publication by MNRA
Modular Middleware for Gestural Data and Devices Management
In the last few years, the use of gestural data has become a key enabler for human-computer interaction (HCI) applications. The growing diffusion of low-cost acquisition devices has thus led to the development of a class of middleware aimed at ensuring a fast and easy integration of such devices within the actual HCI applications. The purpose of this paper is to present a modular middleware for gestural data and devices management. First, we describe a brief review of the state of the art of similar middleware. Then, we discuss the proposed architecture and the motivation behind its design choices. Finally, we present a use case aimed at demonstrating the potential uses as well as the limitations of our middleware
Borel summability and Lindstedt series
Resonant motions of integrable systems subject to perturbations may continue
to exist and to cover surfaces with parametric equations admitting a formal
power expansion in the strength of the perturbation. Such series may be,
sometimes, summed via suitable sum rules defining functions of the
perturbation strength: here we find sufficient conditions for the Borel
summability of their sums in the case of two-dimensional rotation vectors with
Diophantine exponent (e. g. with ratio of the two independent
frequencies equal to the golden mean).Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur
Effect of metabolic and antioxidant supplementation on sperm parameters in oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia, with and without varicocele: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
Since sperm require high energy levels to perform their specialised function, it is vital that essential nutrients are available for spermatozoa when they develop, capacitate and acquire motility. However, they are vulnerable to a lack of energy and excess amounts of reactive oxygen species, which can impair sperm function, lead to immotility, acrosomal reaction impairment, DNA fragmentation and cell death. This monocentric, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effect of 6 months of supplementation with l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine and other micronutrients on sperm quality in 104 subjects with oligo- and/or astheno- and/or teratozoospermia with or without varicocele. In 94 patients who completed the study, sperm concentration was significantly increased in supplemented patients compared to the placebo (p =.0186). Total sperm count also increased significantly (p =.0117) in the supplemented group as compared to the placebo group. Both, progressive and total motility were higher in supplemented patients (p =.0088 and p =.0120, respectively). Although pregnancy rate was not an endpoint of the study, of the 12 pregnancies that occurred during the follow-up, 10 were reported in the supplementation group. In general, all these changes were more evident in varicocele patients. In conclusion, supplementation with metabolic and antioxidant compounds could be efficacious when included in strategies to improve fertility
High rate production of polarized 3He with meta-stability exchange method
Keywords: polarized 3He, meta-stability exchange, infrared laserComment: 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
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