Distribution Characteristics of Geo-hazards in a Reservoir Area, South Gansu Province, China

233-240In the process of water storage, due to water level fluctuations and base level erosion, reservoirs also play an important role in the occurrence of geological disasters. Taking a reservoir valley type in South Gansu Province, China as a case study, we investigated in depth the development and distribution of geological hazards and their influencing factors. The geological environment had changed considerably after reservoir impoundment with an increase in geological disasters. Furthermore, the main types of geological disasters were also analyzed systematically. Slope angle, altitude, slope aspect, proximity to earthquake faults, reservoir water storage, slope body structure, rock mass structure, and their combination features influenced the development and distribution of geological disasters in reservoir area. Close proximity to rivers also increases the likelihood of geological disasters. Landslides and collapses are closely related to the geo-hazards and their triggers include earthquakes, torrential rainfall, and fluctuations in reservoir water level. We also identified 2 types of debris which flow into the reservoir: gulch development and slope liquefaction

Nitrated Fibrinogen is A Biomarker of Oxidative Stress in Venous Thromboembolism

The pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is linked to inflammation and oxidant production, although specific markers for these pathways with pathological relevance to VTE have not been explored. The coagulant protein fibrinogen is posttranslationally modified by nitric oxide-derived oxidants to nitrated fibrinogen in both acute and chronic inflammatory states. Therefore, nitrated fibrinogen may serve as a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress in VTE. To test this hypothesis we enrolled subjects (n=251) presenting with suspected VTE at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital emergency department, 50 (19.9%) of whom were positive by imaging or 90-day follow-up. Mean nitrated fibrinogen was elevated in VTE-positive (62.7 nM, 95% CI 56.6–68.8) compared to VTE-negative patients (54.2 nM, 95% CI 51.4–57.1; P\u3c0.01). Patients in the highest quartile of nitrated fibrinogen had an increased risk of VTE compared with patients in the lowest quartile (OR 3.30; 95% CI 1.25–8.68; P\u3c0.05). This risk persisted after univariate adjustment for age, active cancer, and recent surgery, but not after multivariate adjustment. Mean fibrinogen levels measured either by the Clauss assay or by ELISA were not different between VTE-negative and VTE-positive patients. These data indicate that nitrated fibrinogen is an oxidative risk marker in VTE, providing a novel mechanistic link between oxidant production, inflammation, and VTE

Emergy-based sustainability evaluation of Erhai Lake Basin in China

Rapid economic development has significantly degraded the environmental quality of Erhai Lake and its basin. In order to assess the present sustainability of Erhai Lake Basin and suggest improvement options, this study builds an emergy-based framework, in which the whole basin system comprises five sub-systems divided according to local economic structure and lake functions, including Erhai Lake sub-system, Fishery sub-system, Agricultural sub-system, Industrial sub-system and Household sub-system. Moreover, emergy performances of lake water consumption are analyzed considering the vital role of lake water in the basin development. The results of emergy-based indicators, e.g. EYR (1.31), ELR (60.98), ESI (2.15E-02) and support area SA(r)(1.56E+05 km2, about 60 times the actually available area), reveal that the whole basin is far away from sustainable development. The key factor is the strong reliance on nonrenewable resources, especially in the form of purchased resources (76.48% of total emergy used). In particular, cement industry and transportation equipment industry within the industrial sub-system, as well as massive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticide in the agricultural sub-system, are the main contributors to the overall emergy inputs. e Regarding to water consumption, agriculture is the dominant sector by volume, but with a low use efficiency, while industrial water use has the largest environmental impact due to its high water quality requirement. Policy insights for improving the overall sustainability of Erhai Lake Basin are proposed, including adjusting industrial structure and promoting circular economy, facilitating green agriculture, improving water efficiency and increasing renewable energy use

A bibliometric review: Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the residential sector

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Residential sector has been one key sector for reducing its greenhouse gas emissions due to its significant contribution to global warming. Researchers in different countries have studied household energy consumption patterns and greenhouse gas emissions in order to promote low-carbon lifestyles. However, few review papers have been published in this regard, leading to a lack of systematic understanding on the related research achievements. Hence, by using a bibliometric approach, this paper aims to review the existing literature and examine the evolution of such a field so that the research trends can be uncovered, including popular research methods. Citation analysis is performed to assess the influence of most productive journals, countries/territories, and authors. Network analysis is also conducted to evaluate the relationship among different countries/territories, authors, and keywords. Research outcomes of this paper present a comprehensive research picture on residential energy consumption and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions (REE) related papers published from 1997 to 2016. The most productive journals, countries/territories, authors are also analyzed based on citation analysis and network analysis. In addition, results also revealed that behavioral analysis, input-output analysis, life cycle assessment, and cost-benefit analysis are the most commonly used methods in this field. Results obtained from this study can provide valuable information for researchers interested in the REE-related field

A bibliometric review: Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the residential sector

Residential sector has been one key sector for reducing its greenhouse gas emissions due to its significant contribution to global warming. Researchers in different countries have studied household energy consumption patterns and greenhouse gas emissions in order to promote low-carbon lifestyles. However, few review papers have been published in this regard, leading to a lack of systematic understanding on the related research achievements. Hence, by using a bibliometric approach, this paper aims to review the existing literature and examine the evolution of such a field so that the research trends can be uncovered, including popular research methods. Citation analysis is performed to assess the influence of most productive journals, countries/territories, and authors. Network analysis is also conducted to evaluate the relationship among different countries/territories, authors, and keywords. Research outcomes of this paper present a comprehensive research picture on residential energy consumption and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions (REE) related papers published from 1997 to 2016. The most productive journals, countries/territories, authors are also analyzed based on citation analysis and network analysis. In addition, results also revealed that behavioral analysis, input-output analysis, life cycle assessment, and cost-benefit analysis are the most commonly used methods in this field. Results obtained from this study can provide valuable information for researchers interested in the REE-related field. © 2017 Elsevier Lt

Economic Impacts from PM_2.5 Pollution-Related Health Effects: A Case Study in Shanghai

PM_2.5 pollution-related diseases cause additional medical expenses and work time loss, leading to macroeconomic impact in high PM_2.5 concentration areas. Previous economic impact assessments of air pollution focused on benefits from environmental regulations while ignoring climate policies. In this study, we examine the health and economic impacts from PM_2.5 pollution under various air pollution control strategies and climate policies scenarios in the megacity of Shanghai. The estimation adopts an integrated model combining a Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model, exposure-response functions (ERFs), and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The results show that without control measures, Shanghai’s mortality caused by PM_2.5 pollution are estimated to be 192 400 cases in 2030 and the work time loss to be 72.1 h/cap annually. The corresponding GDP values and welfare losses would be approximately 2.26% and 3.14%, respectively. With an estimated control cost of 0.76% of local GDP, Shanghai would gain approximately 1.01% of local GDP through local air pollution control measures and climate policies. Furthermore, the application of multiregional integrated control strategies in neighboring provinces would be the most effective in reducing PM_2.5 concentration in Shanghai, leading to only 0.34% of GDP loss. At the sectoral level, labor-intensive sectors suffer more output loss from PM_2.5 pollution. Sectors with the highest control costs include power generation, iron and steel, and transport. The results indicate that the combination of multiregional integrated air pollution control strategies and climate policies would be cost-beneficial for Shanghai

DataSheet_1_Progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed by IADPSG criteria: Systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundTo estimate the progression rates to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria.MethodsSystematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching Medline, Embase, and Cochrane between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2021 for observational studies investigating progression to T2DM after GDM. Inclusion criteria were IADPSG-diagnosed GDM, studies with both GDM and controls, postpartum follow-up duration at least one year. Data were pooled by random effects meta-analysis models. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistic. The pooled relative risk for incidence of T2DM and pre-diabetes between GDM participants and controls were estimated. Reasons for heterogeneity among studies were investigated by prespecified subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was assessed by the Begg’s and Egger’s tests.ResultsThis meta-analysis of six studies assessed a total of 61932 individuals (21978 women with GDM and 39954 controls). Women with IADPSG-diagnosed GDM were 6.43 times (RR=6.43, 95% CI:3.45-11.96) more likely to develop T2DM in the future compared with controls. For GDM women, the cumulative incidence of T2DM was 12.1% (95% CI: 6.9%-17.3%), while the pooled cumulative incidence of T2DM was estimated to be 8% (95% CI: 5-11%) in studies with 1 to 5 years of follow-up and increased to 19% (95% CI: 3-34%) for studies with more than 5 years of follow-up. Women with IADPSG-diagnosed GDM had 3.69 times (RR=3.69, 95% CI:2.70-5.06) higher risk of developing pre-diabetes (including impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) than controls. Meta-regression analysis showed that the study effect size was not significantly associated with study design, race, length of follow-up, and maternal age (P>0.05). Overall, the studies had a relatively low risk of bias.ConclusionsWomen with IADPSG-diagnosed GDM have higher risk of developing T2DM and pre-diabetes. The risk of T2DM in GDM women are higher with longer follow-up duration. Our results highlight the importance of promoting postpartum screening and keeping health lifestyle as well as pharmacological interventions to delay/prevent the onset of T2DM/pre-diabetes in GDM women.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42022314776)</p

Healthy lifestyles in relation to cardiometabolic diseases among schoolteachers: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract Background We aimed to explore the associations of adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) among schoolteachers in China. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis among 2983 teachers (aged 39.8 ± 9.3 years, 73.8% women) in Zhejiang Province, China. A healthy lifestyle score (0–7) was constructed based on seven low‐risk factors: healthy diet, noncurrent smoking, noncurrent drinking, regular exercise, normal body mass index (BMI), adequate sleep duration, and limited sedentary behavior. CMDs included self‐reported hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between healthy lifestyle and CMD. Results A total of 493 (16.5%) participants had at least one CMD, with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes being the three leading CMDs. Each point increment in a healthy lifestyle score was associated with 20% lower odds of having CMD (p‐trend < 0.001). Compared with 0–3 low‐risk factors, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.66 (0.50–0.88) for 4 low‐risk factors and 0.51 (0.39–0.67) for 5–7 low‐risk factors. We observed independent associations for normal BMI (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.40–0.63), noncurrent drinking (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36–0.77), and limited sedentary behavior (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62–0.96) in relation to CMD. Healthy diet (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.55–1.01) exhibited marginally significant association with CMD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle is associated with lower odds of CMD among schoolteachers