5 research outputs found

    Dynamic interplay between thalamic activity and Cajal-Retzius cells regulates the wiring of cortical layer 1

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    Cortical wiring relies on guidepost cells and activity-dependent processes that are thought to act sequentially. Here, we show that the construction of layer 1 (L1), a main site of top-down integration, is regulated by crosstalk between transient Cajal-Retzius cells (CRc) and spontaneous activity of the thalamus, a main driver of bottom-up information. While activity was known to regulate CRc migration and elimination, we found that prenatal spontaneous thalamic activity and NMDA receptors selectively control CRc early density, without affecting their demise. CRc density, in turn, regulates the distribution of upper layer interneurons and excitatory synapses, thereby drastically impairing the apical dendrite activity of output pyramidal neurons. In contrast, postnatal sensory-evoked activity had a limited impact on L1 and selectively perturbed basal dendrites synaptogenesis. Collectively, our study highlights a remarkable interplay between thalamic activity and CRc in L1 functional wiring, with major implications for our understanding of cortical development.We thank the IBENS Imaging Facility (France BioImaging, supported by ANR-10-INBS-04, ANR-10-LABX-54 MEMO LIFE, and ANR-11-IDEX-000-02 PSL∗ Research University, “Investments for the Future”). This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (PGC2018-096631-B-I00) and the European Research Council (ERC-2014-CoG-647012) to G.L.-B. N.C. received funding from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie individual fellowship under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (AXO-MATH, grant agreement no. 798326). F.G. received funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (SyTune, ANR-21-CE37-0010), the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (NEUROGOAL, grant agreement no.677878), the Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine, and the University of Bordeaux. The Garel laboratory is supported by INSERM, CNRS, ANR-15-CE16-0003, ANR-19-CE16-0017-02, Investissements d’Avenir implemented by ANR-10-LABX-54 MEMO LIFE, ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02 PSL∗ Research University, and the European Research Council (ERC-2013-CoG-616080, NImO). I.G. is a recipient of a fellowship from the French Ministry of Research and postdoctoral funding from Labex MemoLife, and S.G. is part of the Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris Ile-de-France network.Peer reviewe

    L'assemblage de la couche 1 du néocortex : rôles des cellules de Cajal-Retzius

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    The cerebral cortex controls complex functions like sensory perception, motor behavior or cognition via highly organized circuits. These circuits develop in the embryo and miswirings are linked to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum Disorder or Schizophrenia. The most superficial layer of the cortex, layer 1 (L1), is playing a central role in brain function. It enables the integration of inputs from the periphery with internal stimuli, shaping our perception. Although there is increasing evidence that L1 plays important roles in sensory integration, there is limited knowledge about its formation. L1 wiring is regulated by the density of transient inhabitants, the Cajal-Retzius cells, a population of cortical neurons, which shape underlying cortical circuits. However, how CRc density and elimination are regulated and whether CRc are key for cortical wiring remained to be deciphered. Here, we have shown show that i) the density of CRc is tightly maintained during development and is not impacted by early sensory activity, ii) the elimination of subsets of CRc is activity dependent and iii) impairments in both density and death of CRc have long lasting consequences on the wiring of the underlying circuits. This work provides a better understanding of the roles of a transient neuronal population in regulating the wiring of an essential but understudied layer of the neocortex. This is instrumental in understanding how CRc sustain neocortex construction in physiological conditions, and how they could contribute to miswirings leading to different neurodevelopmental disorders.Le cortex cérébral contrôle des fonctions complexes comme la perception sensorielle, le comportement moteur ou la cognition par le biais de circuits très organisés. Ces circuits se développent dans l'embryon et les mauvais câblages sont liés à l'étiologie de troubles neurodéveloppementaux comme l‘Autisme ou la Schizophrénie. La couche la plus superficielle du cortex, la couche 1 (L1), joue un rôle central dans le fonctionnement du cerveau. Elle permet l'intégration des informations de la périphérie par des stimuli internes, ce qui façonnent notre perception. Bien qu'il soit de plus en plus évident que la L1 joue un rôle important dans l'intégration sensorielle, les connaissances sur sa formation sont limitées. Le câblage de L1 est modelé par la densité des cellules de Cajal-Retzius (CRc), une population transitoire de neurones corticaux, qui façonnent les circuits corticaux sous-jacents. Cependant, il reste à déchiffrer comment la densité et l'élimination des CRc sont régulées et si les CRc sont essentielles au câblage cortical. Ici, nous avons démontré que i) la densité des CRc est étroitement maintenue pendant le développement et n'est pas affectée par l'activité sensorielle précoce, ii) l'élimination de sous-populations de CRc est activité-dépendente et iii) les perturbations de la densité et la mort des CRc ont des conséquences à long-terme sur le câblage des circuits sous-jacents. Ces travaux permettent de mieux comprendre les rôles d'une population neuronale transitoire dans la régulation du câblage d'une couche essentielle mais encore peu étudiée du néocortex. Cela permet aussi de comprendre comment les CRc soutiennent la construction du néocortex dans des conditions physiologiques, et comment elles pourraient contribuer aux mauvais câblages menant à différents troubles neurodéveloppementaux

    Assembling layer 1 of the neocortex : roles of Cajal-Retzius cells

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    Le cortex cérébral contrôle des fonctions complexes comme la perception sensorielle, le comportement moteur ou la cognition par le biais de circuits très organisés. Ces circuits se développent dans l'embryon et les mauvais câblages sont liés à l'étiologie de troubles neurodéveloppementaux comme l‘Autisme ou la Schizophrénie. La couche la plus superficielle du cortex, la couche 1 (L1), joue un rôle central dans le fonctionnement du cerveau. Elle permet l'intégration des informations de la périphérie par des stimuli internes, ce qui façonnent notre perception. Bien qu'il soit de plus en plus évident que la L1 joue un rôle important dans l'intégration sensorielle, les connaissances sur sa formation sont limitées. Le câblage de L1 est modelé par la densité des cellules de Cajal-Retzius (CRc), une population transitoire de neurones corticaux, qui façonnent les circuits corticaux sous-jacents. Cependant, il reste à déchiffrer comment la densité et l'élimination des CRc sont régulées et si les CRc sont essentielles au câblage cortical. Ici, nous avons démontré que i) la densité des CRc est étroitement maintenue pendant le développement et n'est pas affectée par l'activité sensorielle précoce, ii) l'élimination de sous-populations de CRc est activité-dépendente et iii) les perturbations de la densité et la mort des CRc ont des conséquences à long-terme sur le câblage des circuits sous-jacents. Ces travaux permettent de mieux comprendre les rôles d'une population neuronale transitoire dans la régulation du câblage d'une couche essentielle mais encore peu étudiée du néocortex. Cela permet aussi de comprendre comment les CRc soutiennent la construction du néocortex dans des conditions physiologiques, et comment elles pourraient contribuer aux mauvais câblages menant à différents troubles neurodéveloppementaux.The cerebral cortex controls complex functions like sensory perception, motor behavior or cognition via highly organized circuits. These circuits develop in the embryo and miswirings are linked to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum Disorder or Schizophrenia. The most superficial layer of the cortex, layer 1 (L1), is playing a central role in brain function. It enables the integration of inputs from the periphery with internal stimuli, shaping our perception. Although there is increasing evidence that L1 plays important roles in sensory integration, there is limited knowledge about its formation. L1 wiring is regulated by the density of transient inhabitants, the Cajal-Retzius cells, a population of cortical neurons, which shape underlying cortical circuits. However, how CRc density and elimination are regulated and whether CRc are key for cortical wiring remained to be deciphered. Here, we have shown show that i) the density of CRc is tightly maintained during development and is not impacted by early sensory activity, ii) the elimination of subsets of CRc is activity dependent and iii) impairments in both density and death of CRc have long lasting consequences on the wiring of the underlying circuits. This work provides a better understanding of the roles of a transient neuronal population in regulating the wiring of an essential but understudied layer of the neocortex. This is instrumental in understanding how CRc sustain neocortex construction in physiological conditions, and how they could contribute to miswirings leading to different neurodevelopmental disorders

    Being superficial: a developmental viewpoint on cortical layer 1 wiring

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    A plasma membrane microdomain compartmentalizes ephrin-generated cAMP signals to prune developing retinal axon arbors

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    International audienceThe development of neuronal circuits is controlled by guidance molecules that are hypothesized to interact with the cholesterol-enriched domains of the plasma membrane termed lipid rafts. Whether such domains enable local intracellular signalling at the submicrometre scale in developing neurons and are required for shaping the nervous system connectivity in vivo remains controversial. Here, we report a role for lipid rafts in generating domains of local cAMP signalling in axonal growth cones downstream of ephrin-A repulsive guidance cues. Ephrin-A-dependent retraction of retinal ganglion cell axons involves cAMP signalling restricted to the vicinity of lipid rafts and is independent of cAMP modulation outside of this microdomain. cAMP modulation near lipid rafts controls the pruning of ectopic axonal branches of retinal ganglion cells in vivo, a process requiring intact ephrin-A signalling. Together, our findings indicate that lipid rafts structure the subcellular organization of intracellular cAMP signalling shaping axonal arbors during the nervous system development
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