From Raw Data to FAIR Data: The FAIRification Workflow for Health Research

BackgroundFAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) guidingprinciples seek the reuse of data and other digital research input, output, and objects(algorithms, tools, and workflows that led to that data) making themfindable, accessible,interoperable, and reusable. GO FAIR - a bottom-up, stakeholder driven and self-governedinitiative-defined a seven-step FAIRificationprocessfocusingondata,butalsoindicatingtherequired work for metadata. This FAIRification process aims at addressing the translation ofraw datasets into FAIR datasets in a general way, without considering specific requirementsand challenges that may arise when dealing with some particular types of data.This work was performed in the scope of FAIR4Healthproject. FAIR4Health has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovationprogramme under grant agreement number 824666

FAIR4Health: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable data to foster Health Research

Due to the nature of health data, its sharing and reuse for research are limited by ethical, legal and technical barriers. The FAIR4Health project facilitated and promoted the application of FAIR principles in health research data, derived from the publicly funded health research initiatives to make them Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). To confirm the feasibility of the FAIR4Health solution, we performed two pathfinder case studies to carry out federated machine learning algorithms on FAIRified datasets from five health research organizations. The case studies demonstrated the potential impact of the developed FAIR4Health solution on health outcomes and social care research. Finally, we promoted the FAIRified data to share and reuse in the European Union Health Research community, defining an effective EU-wide strategy for the use of FAIR principles in health research and preparing the ground for a roadmap for health research institutions. This scientific report presents a general overview of the FAIR4Health solution: from the FAIRification workflow design to translate raw data/metadata to FAIR data/metadata in the health research domain to the FAIR4Health demonstrators' performance.This research was financially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 824666 (project FAIR4Health). Also, this research has been co-supported by the Carlos III National Institute of Health, through the IMPaCT Data project (code IMP/00019), and through the Platform for Dynamization and Innovation of the Spanish National Health System industrial capacities and their effective transfer to the productive sector (code PT20/00088), both co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) ‘A way of making Europe’.Peer reviewe

Coexistence of radiation-induced glioma and acute pontine infarct 40 years after radiotherapy for glioma: A case report

We report an unusual case of radiation-induced glioma with a very long latent period. The patient had a history of brain stem glioma diagnosed 40 years earlier treated by radiotherapy. For treatment of radiation-induced glioma, radiotherapy was utilized again. Following therapy, the patient presented with an acute pontine infarct. To the best of our knowledge this may be the first report of radiation-induced glioma and radiation-induced stroke occurring within the same patient

Role of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in Detecting Retinal Hemorrhages in Children with Head Trauma

Purpose This study was carried out to evaluate the utility of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in demonstrating retinal hemorrhages (RH) in pediatric head trauma. Methods Over a period of 7 years 67 children (age 0-4 years) with head trauma and MRI were included as either abusive head trauma (AHT) (n = 23), non-abusive head trauma (NAHT) (n = 38), or indeterminate (n = 6). Two pediatric neuroradiologists jointly reviewed the MR images for the presence of RH and sensitivity and specificity of SWI and T2WI were calculated. Results The dilated fundoscopic examination (DFE) was positive for RH in 18/23 (78.3%) of the AHT group, 5/38 (13.2%) in the NAHT group, and 4/6 (66.7%) in the indeterminate group. Regarding the SWI MRI findings, SWI was positive for RH in 13/23 (%56.5), while T2WI was positive in 6/23 (%26.1) of the AHT group. Based on utilizing DFE as a standard, the sensitivity and specificity of SWI in the detection of RH was 63% and 100%, respectively and 30% and 100%, respectively on T2WI. Conclusion Our results suggest that SWI is a useful diagnostic tool for detection of RH in pediatric head trauma in whom DFE is difficult to perform

Gadoxetate Disodium-Enhanced Imaging of Gradenigo Syndrome in End-Stage Renal Disease

A 65-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis was admitted for new onset binocular double vision, failure to thrive, and debilitating right-sided headaches. Medical history was significant for tympanomastoidectomy for polymicrobial mastoiditis and treatment with IV antibiotics. MRI brain without contrast was read by radiology initially as showing expected postsurgical changes; however, given patient's history of mastoiditis infection, there was a high clinical suspicion for Gradenigo syndrome. MRI brain was repeated with gadoxetate contrast to minimize the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in a patient with severe renal disease and this revealed an intracranial empyema involving both the trigeminal and abducens nerves confirming the diagnosis of Gradenigo syndrome. This case presented a diagnostic challenge because of suboptimal visualization on initial nonenhanced MRI. Gadoxetate was chosen because of its unique properties including high hepatobiliary excretion making it a safer form of gadolinium-based contrast agent that may not have the potential to precipitate NSF

The relationship between employee attitudes and innovation types: A managerial perspective

This research aims at demonstrating how employee attitudes effect on innovation types that they adopt. Furthermore, this study examines the effects of most frequently used and widely accepted twelve constructs on workplace-related employee attitudes on three types of innovation. Results mainly reveal that based on the data gathered as a self-reported survey over a hundred employees from the manufacturing industry in Turkey, only half-dozen of the attitudes differently connected with the three types of innovation. Concretely, incremental and imitation types of innovation have significant relations with employees’ organizational related attitudes, and radical innovation has significant relations both with the job-related and organizational-related employee attitudes. The study sheds a light for innovation researchers and practitioners to make them consider which of the workplace related attitude of employees has a significant connection with which of the innovation type. © 2019, Czestochowa University of Technology. All rights reserved

Review of diffuse cortical injury on diffusion-weighted imaging in acutely encephalopathic patients with an acronym: “CRUMPLED”

Purpose: Acute encephalopathic syndromes can present a diagnostic challenge due to the wide range of possible etiologies, which also can have vastly different outcomes. The presence of diffuse cortical injury (DCI) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can help narrow the differential diagnosis. The aim of this review is to categorize the range of possible etiologies of DCI into a useful acronym, ''CRUMPLED''. Methods: A review of the PACS system was completed to find a characteristic example of patients with DCI on DWI from different etiologies. The diagnosis was confirmed for each example via a subsequent review of the electronic medical record used to assess for data such as biopsy results, laboratory values, and clinical correlation. The electronic exhibit intends to demonstrate several sample cases of each letter within the acronym, and to demonstrate which types of DCI are potentially reversible or irreversible. Findings/Discussion: The possible etiologies of DCI on DWI can be organized using the acronym ''CRUMPLED'': 'C' = Creutzfeldt-jakob disease, 'R' =  reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome; 'U' = urea cycle disorders (hyperammonemia) and Uremia; 'M' = mitochondrial (cytopathy/encephalopathy); 'P' = prolonged seizure and posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES); 'L' = laminar necrosis (hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy) and liver disease (acute hepatic encephalopathy); 'E' = encephalitis (infectious meningoencephalitis); 'D' = diabetes mellitus (hypoglycemia). Other secondary imaging findings (outside of DWI) can be used to help differentiate between the aforementioned etiologies, such as the use of ADC maps, FLAIR imaging, intravenous contrast. Conclusion: ''CRUMPLED'' is proposed as a convenient acronym for the categorization of a diverse range of acute etiologies associated with DCI on DWI, arising from varying degrees of cytotoxic edema. These etiologies can range from being potentially reversible (e.g. hyperammonemia or prolonged seizures) to irreversible (e.g. hypoxic-ischemic injury). Keywords: Acute encephalopathy, Diffuse cortical injury, DW

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES AND INNOVATION TYPES: A MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE

WOS: 000500471300007This research aims at demonstrating how employee attitudes effect on innovation types that they adopt. Furthermore, this study examines the effects of most frequently used and widely accepted twelve constructs on workplace-related employee attitudes on three types of innovation. Results mainly reveal that based on the data gathered as a self-reported survey over a hundred employees from the manufacturing industry in Turkey, only half-dozen of the attitudes differently connected with the three types of innovation. Concretely, incremental and imitation types of innovation have significant relations with employees' organizational related attitudes, and radical innovation has significant relations both with the job-related and organizational-related employee attitudes. The study sheds a light for innovation researchers and practitioners to make them consider which of the workplace related attitude of employees has a significant connection with which of the innovation type