PROFITABILITAS BERBASIS PERPUTARAN MODAL KERJA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk menganalisis realisasi pengelolaan sumber dan penggunaan dana dalam menjalankan operasional bisnis; (2) Untuk menganalisis tingkat stabilitas keuangan perusahaan dalam mencapai efektifitas pengelolaan keuangan perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk, pada periode 2018-2019. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah (1) analisis rasio; (2) analisis sumber dan penggunaan dana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Penggunaan dana masih jauh lebih besar dari pada sumber dana; (2) Rasio yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu rasio Likuiditas dan rasio profiltabilitas menunjukkan penurunan dari tahun 2018 ke tahun 2019 (3) Tingkat stabilitas keuangan berlum tercapai. Kata Kunci: Sumber dan Penggunaan Dana, Stabilitas Keuanga

Kualitas Kimia dan Organoleptik Se’i Sapi dengan Metode Pengasapan Berbeda

Se’i merupakan suatu jenis daging asap yang dalam proses pengolahannya menggunakan metode pengasapan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas se’i. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pengasapan yang berbeda terhadap kualitas kimia dan organoleptik se’i sapi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah: P1=pengasapan terbuka, P2=pengasapan tertutup (drum diletakan di atas tanah), dan P3=pengasapan tertutup (drum ditanam). Data aroma, rasa, warna, dan keempukan yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan non parametric test (uji Kruskal-Wallis), dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann-Witney. Data kandungan kimia daging dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kandungan air, protein, dan lemak; berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap warna; sedangkan untuk aroma, rasa, dan keempukan perlakuan berpengaruh tidak nyata(P>0,05). Pengasapan dengan sistem tertutup dan ditanam di dalam tanah menyebabkan se’i berwarna merah gelap sedangkan pengasapan terbuka membuat se’i cenderung berwarna coklat

Characteristics of Se'i (Rotenesse Smoked Meat) Treated with Coconut Shell Liquid Smoked and Citrus Aurantifolia Extract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Citrus aurantifolia extract (CAE), coconut shell liquid smoke (CSLS) and the combination of CAE and CSLS (CACS) on se'i characteristics. A completely randomized design was assigned in this experiment. Treatments used were: se'i treated with 5% (v/v) CAE, CSLS 5% (v/v), (CAE : CSL 1:1) )/ (CACS) and untreated se'i as a control (C). Parameters measured were: aroma, color, taste, pH, residual nitrite, total bacterial count, Coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. The data of aroma, color, and taste were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. The pH, residual nitrite, and bacterial data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by least significant differences test. Results showed that CAE caused the highest score at both aroma and taste (P<0.05). CSLS caused the lowest residual nitrite (27 ppm) (P<0.05). Application of CAE and CACS could reduce total bacteria (P<0.05) at least 1 log. Color, pH, and Coliform number were not significantly different. S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella were negative in all se'i samples. CAE gives the best organoleptics and bacteriological characteristics while CSLS is more effective in reducing nitrite

Quality Chemicals, Microbiology and Antiodants of Ongole Beef Culled Se’i Using Lime Orange Juice, Kaffir Lime and Lemon Juice

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of lime juice, kaffir lime juice and lemon on the chemical, microbiological and antioxidant qualities of se’i. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and replications.The treatment consisted of TJ = without citrus juice, JN = used of 3% lime juice, JP used of 3% kaffir lime juice/juice, JL used of 3% lemon juice. The variables studied included water content, protein content, fat content, total bacteria and Antioxidant. The results of statistical analysis showed that treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on water content, protein, fat, and antioxidants but close significant (P<0,01) on bacterial count had a very seriesof with the same water, protein, fat and antioxidant content but can reduce the number of bacteria, and the best treatment is using lemons (P3)

Kualitas Dendeng Sapi Betina Peranakan Ongole Afkir yang Diberi Madu dan Beberapa Jenis Gula

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas dendeng yang diolah dari daging Sapi Ongole betina afkir yang diberi madu dan beberapa jenis gula. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 x 4 dengan 4 perlakuan yang terdiri dari P0= gula pasir 15% + madu 0%, P1= gula pasir 7,5 % + madu 7,5%, P2= gula lontar padat 7,5% + madu 7,5%, serta P3= gula kelapa padat 7,5% + madu 7,5%. Variabel yang diukur adalah nilai organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa, dan keempukan), total koloni bakteri dan pH. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa, dan keempukan) tapi pada nilai pH berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) serta pada total kaloni bakteri berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian madu, gula pasir, gula lontar padat, dan gula kelapa tidak merubah nilai organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa, dan keempukan) namun menurunkan total koloni bakteri dan hanya gula lontar yang dapat menurunkan pH

Reatores Aeróbicos para o Biotratamento de Águas Poluídas e Efluentes Sintéticos Contendo Ácido 3-Clorobenzóico

The degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid in polluted waters and synthetic effluents by a previously isolated indigenous strain of Pseudomonas putida was studied. Batch biodegradation assays were performed using a 2 L microfermentor at 28 °C with agitation. To simulate polluted water, 100 mg.L–1 of 3-chlorobenzoic acid were added to surface river water. Continuous‑flow assays were performed in an aerobic up-flow fixed-bed reactor constructed from PVC employing hollow PVC cylinders as support material. Synthetic wastewater was prepared by dissolving 3-chlorobenzoic acid in non-sterile groundwater. Biodegradation was evaluated by spectrophotometry, chloride release, gas chromatography and microbial growth. In batch experiments the indigenous strain of Pseudomonas putida degrades 100 mg.L–1 of 3-chlorobenzoic acid in 28 hours with a removal efficiency of 92.2 and 87.2%, expressed as compound and chemical oxygen demand removal, respectively. In the continuous-flow reactor the removal of an average influent concentration of 98.6 mg.L–1 reached 91.7% of compound and 88.9% of COD removal. The process efficiency remained approximately constant despite changes in the influent flow, compound concentration and temperature. The absence of metabolites was determined by gas chromatography performed at the end of the batch process and at the effluent of the continuous reactor. The ability of the isolated indigenous strain to degrade 3-chlorobenzoic acid in both batch and continuous reactors represents a promising feature to improve the treatment of effluents.Foi estudada a degradação do ácido 3-clorobenzóico em águas poluídas e efluentes sintéticos por uma cepa nativa previamente isolada de Pseudomonas putida. Ensaios de biodegradação de lotes foram realizados usando um microfermentador de 2 L a 28 °C sob agitação. Para simular água poluída, 100 mg.L–1 de ácido 3-clorobenzóico foram adicionados a água superficial de rio. Foram realizados ensaios de fluxo contínuo num reator aeróbico de fluxo ascendente de leito fixo construído em PVC, utilizando cilindros de PVC como material de suporte. Água sintética residuária foi preparada dissolvendo ácido 3-clorobenzóico em água subterrânea não estéril. A biodegradação foi avaliada por espectrofotometria, liberação de cloreto, cromatografia gasosa e crescimento microbiano. Nos experimentos em lote, a cepa nativa de Pseudomonas putida degrada 100 mg.L–1 de ácido 3-clorobenzóico em 28 horas com uma eficiência de remoção de 92,2 e 87,2%, expressada como remoção de composto e demanda de oxigênio químico, respectivamente. No reator de fluxo contínuo, a remoção de uma concentração média de afluente de 98,6 mg.L–1 atingiu 91,7% do composto e 88,9% da remoção de COD. A eficiência do processo permaneceu aproximadamente constante apesar das mudanças de fluxo, concentração do composto e temperatura. A ausência de metabólitos foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa realizada no final do processo em lote e no efluente do reator continuo. A capacidade da cepa nativa para degradar o ácido 3-clorobenzóico em ambos os lotes e reatores contínuos representa uma função promissora para melhorar o tratamento de efluentes.Fil: Gallego, A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Rossen, Ariana Altair. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Gemini, V.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Fortunato, M. S.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, S.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Planes, E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Korol, S.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; Argentin

Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis: Current evidence for clinical practice

Patients with cirrhosis show an increased susceptibility to infection due to disease-related immune-dysfunction. Bacterial infection therefore represents a common, often detrimental event in patients with advanced liver disease, since it can worsen portal hypertension and impair the function of hepatic and extrahepatic organs. Among pharmacological strategies to prevent infection, antibiotic prophylaxis remains the first-choice, especially in high-risk groups, such as patients with acute variceal bleeding, low ascitic fluid proteins, and prior episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Nevertheless, antibiotic prophylaxis has to deal with the changing bacterial epidemiology in cirrhosis, with increased rates of gram-positive bacteria and multidrug resistant rods, warnings about quinolones-related side effects, and low prescription adherence. Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis is applied in many other settings during hospitalization, such as before interventional or surgical procedures, but often without knowledge of local bacterial epidemiology and without strict adherence to antimicrobial stewardship. This paper offers a detailed overview on the application of antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhosis, according to the current evidence

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MADU TERHADAP KADAR AIR, PROTEIN, LEMAK, KOLESTEROL DAN OKSIDASI LEMAK DAGING AYAM BROILER ASAP

The aims of this study were to know the effect of honey bee inclusion on water content, protein, fat, cholesterol and lipid oxidation of smoked chiken broiler.  Twelve - 5 months old broiler chicken (average carcass weight 1.319 kg) were used in this study following a Completely randomized design (CRD)) 4 x 3 was used in this experiment.  The treatments were P0 = without honey bee inclusion (control),  P1 = inclusion of 5% honey bee, P2 = inclusion of 10% honey bee, and P3 = inclusion of 15% honey bee.  The data was analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan test to determine the differences among means. There was a highly significantly different (P<0, 01) between treatments on protein, fat and cholesterol content. There was a significant different (P<0, 05) between treatments also recorded for lipid oxidation but not significant (P>0, 05) for water content of smoked broiler chiken.  The inclusion of honey bee reduced the protein and cholesterol content and lipid oxidation, but increased the fat content of smoked broiler chicken.  Therefore, it can be concluded that inclusion of 10%  and 15%  honey bee had the best quality of smoked broiler chiken. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan madu dalam pengolahan ayam asap terhadap kadar air, protein, lemak, kolesterol dan laju oksidasi lemak.  Sebanyak 12 ekor ayam broiler (umur 5 minggu; berat karkas rata-rata 1.319 g) digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengikuti pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 x 3.  Adapun perlakuan yang dikenakan adalah: P0 = tanpa pemberian madu (kontrol),  P1 = pemberian madu 5%, P2 = pemberian madu 10%, P3 = pemberian madu 15%.  Analisa data menggunakan analiys of variance (ANOVA) dilanjut dengan uji Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan diantara perlakuan.  Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kandungan protein, lemak dan kolesterol, berpengaruh nyata (P(<0,05) terhadap oksidasi lemak, tapi tidak berpengaruh (P> 0,05) pada kandungan air ayam broiler asap.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian madu menurunkan kadar protein, kadar kolesterol dan memperlambat laju oksidasi lemak, tapi meningkatkan kadar lemak ayam asap.  Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kualitas ayam asap terbaik adalah pada pemberian madu 10%  dan 15%

TiO2 bioactive implant surfaces doped with specific amount of Sr modulate mineralization

One of the main problems that remain in the implant industry is poor osseointegration due to bioinertness of implants. In order to promote bioactivity, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and strontium (Sr) were incorporated into a TiO2 porous layer produced by micro-arc oxidation. Ca and P as bioactive elements are already well reported in the literature, however, the knowledge of the effect of Sr is still limited. In the present work, the effect of various amounts of Sr was evaluated and the morphology, chemical composition and crystal structure of the oxide layer were investigated. Furthermore, in vitro studies were carried out using human osteoblast-like cells. The oxide layer formed showed a triplex structure, where higher incorporation of Sr increased Ca/P ratio, amount of rutile and promoted the formation of SrTiO3 compound. Biological tests revealed that lower concentrations of Sr did not compromise initial cell adhesion neither viability and interestingly improved mineralization. However, higher concentration of Sr (and consequent higher amount of rutile) showed to induce collagen secretion but with compromised mineralization, possibly due to a delayed mineralization process or induced precipitation of deficient hydroxyapatite. Ca-P-TiO2 porous layer with less concentration of Sr seems to be an ideal candidate for bone implants.This work was supported by FCT with the reference projects UID/EEA/04436/2019, M-ERA-NET/0001/2015 and FCT/CAPES Procs.. 4.4.1.00. Also the support of FAPESP is acknowledged (Proc. 2017/24300-4). A.I. Costa is very grateful for the PhD grant through NORTE-08-5369-FSE-000051 project. The authors would like to thank the LABNANO/CBPF and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Cenabio) in Rio de Janeiro for technical support during electron microscopy work

Years of life that could be saved from prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes premature death and loss of life expectancy worldwide. Its primary and secondary prevention can result in a significant number of years of life saved. AIM: To assess how many years of life are lost after HCC diagnosis. METHODS: Data from 5346 patients with first HCC diagnosis were used to estimate lifespan and number of years of life lost after tumour onset, using a semi-parametric extrapolation having as reference an age-, sex- and year-of-onset-matched population derived from national life tables. RESULTS: Between 1986 and 2014, HCC lead to an average of 11.5 years-of-life lost for each patient. The youngest age-quartile group (18-61 years) had the highest number of years-of-life lost, representing approximately 41% of the overall benefit obtainable from prevention. Advancements in HCC management have progressively reduced the number of years-of-life lost from 12.6 years in 1986-1999, to 10.7 in 2000-2006 and 7.4 years in 2007-2014. Currently, an HCC diagnosis when a single tumour <2 cm results in 3.7 years-of-life lost while the diagnosis when a single tumour 65 2 cm or 2/3 nodules still within the Milan criteria, results in 5.0 years-of-life lost, representing the loss of only approximately 5.5% and 7.2%, respectively, of the entire lifespan from birth. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence results in the loss of a considerable number of years-of-life, especially for younger patients. In recent years, the increased possibility of effectively treating this tumour has improved life expectancy, thus reducing years-of-life lost