Formal to Casual- Usage of Laptop Among Students- An Eye Opener

The number of college students using laptops is on the rise so is the musculoskeletal disorders reported. This research tries to understand whether university students in India have the same discomfort level as reported in prior studies. The study tries to evaluate the role of parameters like postural adaptation, time related parameters like duration of laptop usage, frequency of rest breaks and the predisposition of MSD among the students. And it is found that neck pain is the most common pain among Indian college students. And that MSD is caused by poor postural adaptation, time spent on the laptop as well as lack of proper ergonomic knowledge

Sinergitas Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Kelopak Bunga Rosella Dan Kitosan Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus: Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Roselle Calyx and Chitosan Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Currently, the antibacterial research is increasingly promoted primarily from natural materials, due to the increasing number of pathogenic bacteria that have been resistant to existing antibiotics. One of the pathogenic bacteria that has been much resistant to antibiotics is Staphylococcus aureus. Rosella calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffa  L.) and chitosan are known to have antibacterial activity. The aim of this study to find out the antibacterial synergy of the  roselle calyx extract and chitosan against. S.aureus ATCC 33592. Rosella calyx was extracted by maceration using 80 %  ethanol, while chitosan is obtained from deasetilation chitin of shrimp husk. Test antibacterial synergism using checkboard assay method by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)  using microdilution assay. The results showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of roselle calyx extract and chitosan were 1250 ppm and 50 ppm, respectively.  MIC value of rosella calyx extract in the presence of chitosan was 625 ppm, while the value of MIC chitosan in the presence of rosella calyx extract was < 0.19 ppm. Fractional Inhibition Concentration Index (FICI) was < 0.5 which concluded that the combination of roselle calyx extract with chitosan has a synergistic antibacterial effect on S.aureus ATCC 33592

Space-time adaptive reduction of unsteady flamalets

The Wavelet Adaptive Multiresolution Representation (WAMR) code and the G-Scheme framework are used for the numerical time integration of the flamelet model. The steep gradients are efficiently captured by the WAMR algorithm with an a-priori defined accuracy and an associated large reduction of the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs). A further opportunity to reduce the complexity of the problem is represented by the G-Scheme, to achieve multi-scale adaptive model reduction along-with the time integration of the differential equations

Il dispositivo teatrale alla prova del Covid-19. Mediatizzazione, liveness e pubblici

The COVID-19 emergency had a profound impact on the artistic and cultural sectors, and on performing arts in particular. The lockdown required the suspension of all live performances and rehearsals, including the cancellation of seasons and festivals. Because physical proximity is an essential component of the live shows, this sector will be on pause longer than the others. Since the early stages of the lockdown, the Italian theatre field developed several online initiatives to counterbalance the suspension of its activities. These efforts aimed at keeping the relationship with the remote theatre audiences, by extending the presence of artists, theatres and performances in the online context. However, they also provided an opportunity to reflect at large on the digital transformations of performing arts. The following contribution reflects on how we are researching the online response of the theatrical sector from the perspective of sociology and media studies. The paper aims to contextualise the phenomenon within the processes of theatre mediatisation and digital transformation of liveness, and to the present what we think are the most urgent research questions in this direction. The first part of the article introduces the theoretical premises of the investigation. We present the frame of theatre mediatisation by analysing three interrelated processes: the mediatisation of dramaturgy through the concept of transmedia; the mediatisation of theatrical presence, with the debate on digital liveness, and the mediatisation of the theatrical relationship through social media. The second part will analyse some of the main online initiatives of the theatrical sector, observing how they fit into the previously introduced mediatisation processes. The third part will observe how users have responded to the initiatives presented on social media by some of the main Italian theatres. In the conclusions, we will discuss which research questions we consider crucial to connect the analysis of this critical moment to the main themes of sociological and media studies research on performing arts

Reatores Aeróbicos para o Biotratamento de Águas Poluídas e Efluentes Sintéticos Contendo Ácido 3-Clorobenzóico

The degradation of 3-chlorobenzoic acid in polluted waters and synthetic effluents by a previously isolated indigenous strain of Pseudomonas putida was studied. Batch biodegradation assays were performed using a 2 L microfermentor at 28 °C with agitation. To simulate polluted water, 100 mg.L–1 of 3-chlorobenzoic acid were added to surface river water. Continuous‑flow assays were performed in an aerobic up-flow fixed-bed reactor constructed from PVC employing hollow PVC cylinders as support material. Synthetic wastewater was prepared by dissolving 3-chlorobenzoic acid in non-sterile groundwater. Biodegradation was evaluated by spectrophotometry, chloride release, gas chromatography and microbial growth. In batch experiments the indigenous strain of Pseudomonas putida degrades 100 mg.L–1 of 3-chlorobenzoic acid in 28 hours with a removal efficiency of 92.2 and 87.2%, expressed as compound and chemical oxygen demand removal, respectively. In the continuous-flow reactor the removal of an average influent concentration of 98.6 mg.L–1 reached 91.7% of compound and 88.9% of COD removal. The process efficiency remained approximately constant despite changes in the influent flow, compound concentration and temperature. The absence of metabolites was determined by gas chromatography performed at the end of the batch process and at the effluent of the continuous reactor. The ability of the isolated indigenous strain to degrade 3-chlorobenzoic acid in both batch and continuous reactors represents a promising feature to improve the treatment of effluents.Foi estudada a degradação do ácido 3-clorobenzóico em águas poluídas e efluentes sintéticos por uma cepa nativa previamente isolada de Pseudomonas putida. Ensaios de biodegradação de lotes foram realizados usando um microfermentador de 2 L a 28 °C sob agitação. Para simular água poluída, 100 mg.L–1 de ácido 3-clorobenzóico foram adicionados a água superficial de rio. Foram realizados ensaios de fluxo contínuo num reator aeróbico de fluxo ascendente de leito fixo construído em PVC, utilizando cilindros de PVC como material de suporte. Água sintética residuária foi preparada dissolvendo ácido 3-clorobenzóico em água subterrânea não estéril. A biodegradação foi avaliada por espectrofotometria, liberação de cloreto, cromatografia gasosa e crescimento microbiano. Nos experimentos em lote, a cepa nativa de Pseudomonas putida degrada 100 mg.L–1 de ácido 3-clorobenzóico em 28 horas com uma eficiência de remoção de 92,2 e 87,2%, expressada como remoção de composto e demanda de oxigênio químico, respectivamente. No reator de fluxo contínuo, a remoção de uma concentração média de afluente de 98,6 mg.L–1 atingiu 91,7% do composto e 88,9% da remoção de COD. A eficiência do processo permaneceu aproximadamente constante apesar das mudanças de fluxo, concentração do composto e temperatura. A ausência de metabólitos foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa realizada no final do processo em lote e no efluente do reator continuo. A capacidade da cepa nativa para degradar o ácido 3-clorobenzóico em ambos os lotes e reatores contínuos representa uma função promissora para melhorar o tratamento de efluentes.Fil: Gallego, A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Rossen, Ariana Altair. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Gemini, V.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Fortunato, M. S.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, S.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; ArgentinaFil: Planes, E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Korol, S.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Sanidad Nutrición Bromatología y Toxicología; Argentin

Numerical generation of multidimensional flamelet databases using an adaptive wavelet method

The Wavelet Adaptive Multiresolution Representation (WAMR) code is used for the numerical time integration of the one-dimensional laminar diffusion flames equations in trans-critical and supercritical conditions, where the thermodynamic and transport properties exhibit large changes. These steep gradients are efficiently captured by the WAMR algorithm with an a-priori defined accuracy and an associated large reduction of the number of degrees of freedom, allowing a highly efficient flamelet database generation critical conditions

influence of bitter lupin on consumption and digestibility in organic dairy cattle soya bean free diets

One of the main principles of organic husbandry is that animal feed must be GMO free, and soya bean is well-known as a high risk GMO alimentary source. About 25 dry dairy cattle of the Italian Holstein breed, from the Cooperativa Emilio Sereni of Borgo S. Lorenzo (FI), were fed in two successive diets: the first with extruded soya bean (A), and the second in which bitter lupin, faba bean and proteinic pea substituted the soya bean (B). We evaluated both the consumption and the apparent digestibility (using acid insoluble ash as internal marker) of the two diets, repeating the trial twice. The presence of bitter lupin did not influence either the consumption of other feed, or the faecal water content. The apparent digestibility of the organic matter resulted satisfactory in both the diets, but was significantly higher in diet (A) than in diet (B) (71,6% vs 67,3%). In conclusion, even though we wish the cultivation of sweet lupin would be increase in Italy, we retain that also bitter lupin (mixed with other feed to increase the palatability) could be used as alternative protein source in dairy cattle diets

The Effect of Turmeric and Garlic Phytobiotic Addition with Different Duration Storage on the Fungal Colony in Feed

Turmeric and garlic phytobiotic contain bioactive substances, each of which has a function as an antifungal. The study aims to determined to test the ability turmeric and garlic phytobiotic pressed fungal colonies in the feed with different storage time. The data were analyzed by a factorial experimental design with 5 treatments 4 replications and 2 repetitions. The first factor types phytobiotic and the second factor was storage duration. R0 = basal ration (without phytobiotic), R1 = basal ration + 0.3% synthetic antifungal, R2 = basal ration + 2.5% turmeric, R3 = basal ration + 5% garlic, R4 = (basal ration + 2.5% turmeric+ 5% garlic. W0, W1, W2 and W3 respectively with storage time 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Samples were taken from each experimental unit homogeneously. The results showed the average fungal colonies of garlic phytobiotic treatment (26.06±44.76 CFUx103/g) in 2-week storage time (25.20±22.52 CFUx103/g) lower than the provision of synthetic preservatives (57.75±52.03 CFUx103/g) and the control treatment (74.87±70.69 CFUx103/g). Fungal colonies increases rapidly with increasing length of time of storage. The conclusion of this study was that the additon of turmeric and garlic phytobiotic capable as an antifungal in feed

Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis: Current evidence for clinical practice

Patients with cirrhosis show an increased susceptibility to infection due to disease-related immune-dysfunction. Bacterial infection therefore represents a common, often detrimental event in patients with advanced liver disease, since it can worsen portal hypertension and impair the function of hepatic and extrahepatic organs. Among pharmacological strategies to prevent infection, antibiotic prophylaxis remains the first-choice, especially in high-risk groups, such as patients with acute variceal bleeding, low ascitic fluid proteins, and prior episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Nevertheless, antibiotic prophylaxis has to deal with the changing bacterial epidemiology in cirrhosis, with increased rates of gram-positive bacteria and multidrug resistant rods, warnings about quinolones-related side effects, and low prescription adherence. Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis is applied in many other settings during hospitalization, such as before interventional or surgical procedures, but often without knowledge of local bacterial epidemiology and without strict adherence to antimicrobial stewardship. This paper offers a detailed overview on the application of antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhosis, according to the current evidence

EFEKTIVITAS PENTAGAMAVUNON-0 TERHADAP PENGHAMBATAN EKSPRESI SIKLOOKSIGENASE-2 PADA MODEL KANKER KOLON TIKUS

Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efektivitas pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) terhadap penghambatan ekspresi siklooksigenase-2 (COX-2) pada kanker kolon tikus Wistar. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 20 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang dibagi secara acak dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I merupakan kontrol negatif, kelompok II kontrol positif, kelompok III diberi PGV-0 40 mg/kg BB selama 15 minggu, dan kelompok IV diberi PGV-0 40 mg/kg BB selama 25 minggu. Pemberian PGV-0 dilakukan secara oral dua kali seminggu. Induksi kanker kolon dilakukan dengan cara injeksi subkutan DMH 60 mg/kg BB, satu kali seminggu selama 15 minggu. Pada minggu ke-26, semua hewan coba dieutanasia, kolon difiksasi dalam formalin 10% untuk selanjutnya diamati perubahan makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Penilaian ekspresi COX-2 dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Duke’s stage dan skor imunoreaktivitas (IRS). Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan pemberian PGV-0 selama 25 minggu menurunkan jumlah nodul kanker kolon dari 5 ke 2 (berkurang 60%); diameter kanker kolon (pxl) dari 0,712 mm² ke 0,0043 mm² (berkurang 99,31%). Pemberian PGV-0 selama 15 minggu hanya menurunkan jumlah nodul 10% dan area kanker kolon dari 0,712 mm² ke 0,0062 mm² (99,07%). Skor imunoreaktivitas COX-2 diekspresikan oleh kelompok III dan IV adalah 4 dan 5. Gambaran histologis dari kolon mendukung hasil di atas. Pemberian PGV-0 efektif menurunkan jumlah dan area nodul kanker kolon melalui penghambatan ekspresi COX-2