A Study of the Magnetic Dipole Field of LEP during the 1995 Energy Scan

In preparation for the 1995 LEP energy scan additional instrumentation was installed in two tunnel dipoles to monitor the time evolution of the magnetic field during experimental fills. Significant increase of the bending field superimposed by day-time dependent fluctuations on a minute time scale were revealed. These unexpected features could be correlated with earth currents captured by the LEP vacuum chamber and the ground cable. The currents are produced in particular by trains circulating in the Geneva area. This study presents a summary of our understanding of the LEP dipole field

Intellectual property as complex innovation projects component

The materials presented the possibilities development of intellectual property complex innovation projects modern highly effective science-based problems of improving the use of wastes of different industries on a complex enterprise that can provide all its energy needs alone. Some features of the possibilities of solving evidence-based problems of development of mechanisms for identifying syner-gistic processes, their scientific justification improving the use of wastes of different industries on a complex enterprise. The problem of wastes utilization and recycling is present as complex synergetic processes research and analysis of energy- and resource saving process-es for treatment of polymer wastes of various origin. The research focused on the study of issues such as the development of models of waste-modifying polymer. The investigation are focused in researching such problems as selection of scientific based methods of wastes to be utilized or recycled; the development of appropriated process flow sheets and choice of modifications additives and equipment for polymers waste recycling. The choice of appropriate plants with selected energy resources is very important for projects realization

Covariant Formulation of the Transition Radiation Energy Spectrum of an Electron Beam at a Normal Angle of Incidence onto a Round Metallic Screen

In the transition radiation emission from a N electron bunch hitting at a normal angle of incidence a metallic screen, the transverse and the longitudinal spatial coordinates of the electron bunch play different roles in determining the N single electron radiation field amplitudes and their relative phases in relation to the different physical constraints which an electromagnetic radiative mechanism by a charged beam must meet: i.e., temporal causality and covariance. The distribution of the N electron longitudinal coordinates determines indeed the sequence of the N electron collisions onto the metallic screen and, on the basis of the temporal causality principle, it also determines the distribution function of the relative emission phases of the N single electron field amplitudes from the metallic surface. The distribution of the transverse coordinates of the N electrons contributes as well to determine the relative phase distribution of the N electron field amplitudes at the observation point - located on the longitudinal axis of the reference frame - providing a further phase information that accounts for the transverse displacement of the N electrons with respect to the beam axis. The distribution of the transverse coordinates of the N electrons is a relativistic invariant under a Lorentz transformation with respect to the direction of motion of the beam and, consequently, it is expected to leave a covariant mark on the N single electron amplitudes composing the radiation field. The covariant imprinting of the N electron transverse density on the radiation field affects both the temporal coherent and incoherent parts of the transition radiation energy spectrum. Such a dependence of the N single electron radiation field amplitudes on the electron density in the transverse plane manifests itself as....(abstract partially missed because of lack of space

Water: Playing a Major Role in the Development and Demise of Civilizations

Components: “Water” (Integrated Social Studies and Science unit; Elementary School, Grades 4-6)Latin American Studie

The Influence of Train Leakage Currents on the LEP Dipole Field

The determination of the mass and the width of the Z boson at CERN's LEP accelerator, an e+e- storage ring with a circumference of approximately 27 kilometres, imposes heavy demands on the knowledge of the LEP counter-rotating electron and positron beam energies. The precision required is of the order of 1 MeV or »20 ppm frequency. Due to its size the LEP collider is influenced by various macroscopic and regional factors such as the position of the moon or seasonal changes of the rainfall in the area, as reported earlier. A new and not less surprising effect of the LEP energy was observed in 1995: railroad trains in the Geneva region perturb the dipole field. A parasitic flow of electricity, originating from the trains, travels along the LEP ground cable and the vacuum chamber, interacting with the dipole field. An account of the phenomenon with its explanation substantiated by dedicated measurements is presented

A newly observed Effect affects the LEP Beam Energy

The LEP magnetic bending field and therefore the beam energy is changed by a current flow over the vacuum chamber. The current is created by trains travelling between the Geneva main station and destinations in France. Some of the rail current leaks into earth and returns to the power station via the LEP tunnel, where the vacuum chamber is one of the conductors. Train leakage currents penetrate LEP at the injection lines from the SPS close to IP1 and between IP5 and IP7, thereby interacting with the magnetic dipole field. The observed changes in B field cause beam energy increases of several MeV

Measurements of Collision Offsets and Difference in vertical Dispersion at the LEP Interaction Points

The beam overlap at the EP interaction points is optimized by monitoring the change in the Bhabha rate during the variation of an electrostatic bump amplitude. A new method has been developed and implemented to measure the difference of the residual vertical dispersion of electrons and positrons at the interaction points based on beam separation measurements at two different beam energies

Using personal computers to create sounds and graphics for a large scale installation

Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93).Personal computers are easy to program, inexpensive and portable. With two Commodore 64 computers, I created an artistic installation entitled "Songs in the Language of Information". It was composed of elements reflecting time, space, light, action and predictability. The two computers controlled projected light patterns, complementary synthesized sound and interactive relays triggered by viewers crossing light beams. The following thesis documents "Songs in the Language of Information". The "Introduction" presents background development leading up to this work. All components of the installation are discussed in "Physical Description" and "Analysis of the Work". A survey of selected recent and past work that has been influential to me is outlined in "Historical Precedents". "The Program" illustrates graphic elements, presents flow charts and lists programs of all subroutines used in the installation. The "Conclusion" offers what for me is the next step in my artistic work with computers.by Sarah Geitz.M.S.V.S

Parliamentarian (co-)design of artificial intelligence: Past technical futures in the reports of the German Bundestag’s committees of inquiry

Seit 40 Jahren beschäftigen sich Enquete-Kommissionen des Deutschen Bundestages in ihren Berichten mit Fragen der Auswirkungen „neuer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien“ auf die bundesdeutsche Gesellschaft, worunter bereits frühzeitig auch ‚künstliche Intelligenz‘ fällt. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein erster Überblick über die Entwicklung der inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte wie auch der Präsentationsform in diesem Quellentyp gegeben dessen Aufkommen in den 1980er-Jahren mit dem Anfang der parlamentarischen Technikfolgenabschätzung zusammenfällt. Unsere Forschungsergebnisse zeigen unter anderem, dass aktuelle Berichte weniger konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen an Parlamentarier:innen geben als frühere und somit politische (Mit-)Gestaltungsansprüche weniger stark betonen.For 40 years, committees of inquiry of the German Bundestag have been dealing in their reports with questions of the effects of “new information and communication technologies” on German society, including artificial intelligence at an early stage. This article gives an initial overview of the development of the main focus areas and the form of presentation in this source type, whose emergence in the 1980s coincides with the beginning of parliamentary technology assessment. Our research findings show that current reports give less concrete policy recommendations to parliamentarians than earlier ones, thus placing less emphasis on political (co-)design