Der Konjunktiv als Mittel der Bedeutungsschattierung

Para quem estuda alemão, o uso do subjuntivo constitui um desafio. Para poder compreender isso é preciso conhecer as particularidades do subjuntivo em alemão. Por isso, esse artigo esclarece primeiramente as diferenças entre o modo subjuntivo e os dois outros modos alemães: o indicativo e o imperativo. O artigo mostra a seguir as particularidades do subjuntivo, sendo um meio da modalidade. Subsequente, apresentam-se as funções que podem ser cumpridas pelo subjuntivo I e subjuntivo II. O artigo conclui, assim, com uma discussão sobre o ensino do subjuntivo alemão na sala de aula com língua estrangeira.The correct use of subjunctive can be difficult for learners of German. To understand these difficulties, it is important to recognize the specificities of the German subjunctive. Therefore, this article begins with pointing out the differences between the subjunctive and the two other German moods, indicative and imperative. It continues with a description of particularities of the subjunctive as a means of modality. Subsequently, the roles that can be taken by subjunctive I and II are presented. The article concludes with a discussion of how to teach the German subjunctive in the classroom.Zusammenfassung Die richtige Verwendung des Konjunktivs bereitet vielen Deutschlernern/innen Schwierigkeiten. Um diese Schwierigkeiten nachvollziehen zu können, ist es wichtig, die Besonderheiten des deutschen Konjunktivs zu kennen. Darum wird in diesem Aufsatz zuerst der Modus Konjunktiv von den anderen beiden Modi des Deutschen, dem Indikativ und dem Imperativ, abgegrenzt, und herausgestellt, worin sich die Modi des Deutschen unterscheiden. Anschließend werden Besonderheiten des Konjunktivs als einem Mittel der Modalität dargestellt. Sodann wird im Einzelnen dargestellt, welche Funktionen Konjunktiv I und II übernehmen können. Der Aufsatz schließt mit einer Diskussion über das Unterrichten des Konjunktivs im DaF-Unterricht

Regulation of monocyte procoagulant activity in acute myocardial infarction: role of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der Funktion des Tissue Factor (TF) und dessen Antagonisten Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) bei der Regulation einer erhöhten prokoagulatorischen Aktivität von Monozyten nach akutem Myokardinfarkt. Nach interventioneller Gefäßrekanalisation mittels PTCA und Stentimplantation konnte eine erhöhte TF-Expression auf Monozyten gezeigt werden, deren funktionelle Aktivität anhand einer vermehrten Thrombinbildung in vivo nachgewiesen wurde, und deren prokoagulatorische Effekte durch oberflächengebundenen, nicht jedoch durch exogen zugeführten, rekombinanten TFPI inhibiert werden.This study sought to investigate the role of tissue factor (TF) and its antagonist tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in the regulation of increased monocyte procoagulant activity in acute myocardial infarction. We found a significant increase in surface TF expression on monocytes after interventional revascularization by stent placement, whose functional relevance was verified by an increased thrombin formation in vivo, and whose procoagulant effects are inhibited by surface-bound, but not by exogenously added recombinant TFPI

Creativity, Adaptability, Transition: Advancing Sustainable Development in the Built Environment through Transdisciplinary Architectural Design

The link between creativity, design thinking, and interdisciplinarity has been explored by Darbellay et al. (2017). They proposed that the three dimensions are not contradictory, but instead, they form triadicfeedback loops that cannot be resolved in a unified synthesis. This triadic model underscores that, in fact, the creative, interdisciplinary (or transdisciplinary) design thinking is an outcome of dialectic, or even dialogical (Lybeck, 2010), processes among disciplines, stakeholders, the problem at hand, and the variety of possible design solutions. Harvey (2014) proposes that this type of creative synthesis can only generate breakthrough ideas if it integrates multiple understandings for the same problem. Specifically, in Harvey’s (2014) model, breakthrough ideas require a context where ideas are enacted, similarities are built upon, and collective attention is secured – and it is only through a sort of reflection in action (Schön, 1984) that creative synthesis can generate exemplars that are iteratively improved until breakthrough. With global population growth and urbanization trends rising (Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Population Division), 2017; United Nations - Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, 2018), it is now imperative that we move towards a state of creative sustainability in the built environment. The publication of the 2030 Agenda and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) (United Nations, 2015) has signalled a new course for practitioners, scholars, and designers by institutionalizing a more comprehensive understanding of sustainable development, which is supported by clear targets and indicators (Pedersen, 2018). While the SDGs are global in scope, their application requires action to be taken on individual project levels, including building projects, on the local scale (T. Walker & Goubran, 2020). Most importantly, the SDGs enabled sustainability action to remain reliant on the interpretation of the problems, along with the framing of the design problem (Goubran & Cucuzzella, 2019). Thus, it can be argued that the SDGs have reframed the sustainable built environment challenge as a complex design problem, open for interpretation, judgment, and theorization and leading to multiple solutions and innovations (Nelson & Stolterman, 2012), that requires the synthesis of knowledge between a multitude of disciplines (Kroes et al., 2008). In this paper, we argue that architecture, as a field of research and practice, is both inductive and inclusive of the creative transdisciplinary approaches needed to tackle sustainable development challenges in the built environment (Goubran, 2018). The paper presents a theoretical development, followed by a synthesis supported by published case studies. In essence, the paper capitalizes on the value of architecture as a transdisciplinary field that allows for transformative sustainable practices within the building and construction industries. Thus, it establishes a scheme where architectural design, as a transdisciplinary field, is an inclusive thinking process that has the potential to push boundaries of “just building” to “building for”

Key Technologies in Large-scale Rescue Robot Wrists

The full-Automatic Quick Hitch Coupling Device (full-AQHCD for short) is used as the starting point, key technologies in a large-scale rescue robot wrist, which is constituted by integrating a quick hitch coupling device, a turning device, and a swaying device together, are reviewed respectively. Firstly, the semi-AQHCD made domestically for the main-Arm Claw Wrist (main-ACW for short) is introduced, and the full-AQHCD imported from Oil Quick company in Sweden for the vice-Arm Cutter Wrist (vice-ACW for short) is presented. Secondly, aiming at three key technologies in the full-AQHCD including rotary joint technology, automatic docking technology and precise docking technology for quick action coupling, are concisely expressed. Thirdly, the hydraulic motor driving gear type slewing bearing technology of the turning device made domestically for the main-ACW is introduced, and the hydraulic motor driving worm type slewing bearing technology of the turning device imported from HKS company in Germany for the vice-ACW is presented, especially, the existing gap in the similar domestic technology is discussed. Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder driving 4-bar linkage technology of the swaying device made domestically for the main-ACW is introduced, and the hydraulic double spiral swing cylinder technology of the swaying device imported from HKS company in Germany for the vice-ACW is presented, especially, the existing gap in the similar domestic technology is discussed. Finally, it is emphasized that these technological gaps have seriously restricted the ability of the vice-ACW to successfully work in future actual rescue combats, therefore, it must be highly valued in the follow-up research and development (R&D) through cooperating with professional manufacturers in China, thereby making technological advances

Modified dome shaped proximal tibial osteotomy for treatment of infantile tibia vara

Background: Tibial deformity in childhood is not always one plane deformity, but often combines torsional and angular malalignment.Methods: In this prospective study, dome shaped osteotomy was performed in 36 tibiae in 24 patients. The osteotomy was held with K-wires and a plaster cast. The mean age at surgery was 5.5 years and the mean follow-up time was 30 months, range (24-42) months.Results: All osteotomies united and no compartment syndrome occurred. Postoperatively, one leg (2.7%) had temporary weakness of external hallucis longus muscle. Thirty five of thirty six legs had good clinical and radiological correction of alignment. Recurrent deformity was seen in one leg. ‎ Conclusions: Dome shaped osteotomy of the tibia is a simple, safe and effective method for correction of uni-planar varus deformity. For bi-planar deformities in childhood with infantile tibia vara we may need to step cut the lateral cortex to allow good bone contact to help in union with minimum morbidity.

Informing Innovations Through Deeper Insight on Strategic Priorities and Expansive Ideas

Recent national Extension initiatives and reports provide insight into innovation trends and issues. In response to questions from participants in eXtension Impact Collaborative events, we adapted two business frameworks to provide deeper insight about innovation. The adapted frameworks are helpful for identifying strategic areas of focus for innovation and prompting expanded thinking about potential types of innovation

The Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence: Next Steps for Empirical and Normative Research

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a technological upheaval with the potential to change human society. Because of its transformative potential, AI is increasingly becoming subject to regulatory initiatives at the global level. Yet, so far, scholarship in political science and international relations has focused more on AI applications than on the emerging architecture of global AI regulation. The purpose of this article is to outline an agenda for research into the global governance of AI. The article distinguishes between two broad perspectives: an empirical approach, aimed at mapping and explaining global AI governance; and a normative approach, aimed at developing and applying standards for appropriate global AI governance. The two approaches offer questions, concepts, and theories that are helpful in gaining an understanding of the emerging global governance of AI. Conversely, exploring AI as a regulatory issue offers a critical opportunity to refine existing general approaches to the study of global governance

ISAAC: Inflatable Satellite of an Antenna Array for Communications, volume 6

The results of a study to design an antenna array satellite using rigid inflatable structure (RIS) technology are presented. An inflatable satellite allows for a very large structure to be compacted for transportation in the Space Shuttle to the Space Station where it is assembled. The proposed structure resulting from this study is a communications satellite for two-way communications with many low-power stations on the ground. Total weight is 15,438 kilograms which is within the capabilities of the Space Shuttle. The satellite will have an equivalent aperture greater than 100 meters in diameter and will be operable in K and C band frequencies, with a total power requirement of 10,720 watts