Medienkompetenzentwicklung in einem außerschulischen Lernvideoprojekt für Kinder: Erfahrungen aus dem Modellprojekt "Ich zeig es Dir - HOCH 2"

Ich zeig es Dir – HOCH 2 (kurz IZED2) ist ein medienpädagogisches Praxisprojekt des BIMS e.V., bei dem Lernvideos von Kindern für Kinder erstellt wurden. Zentrale Kompetenzen welche die Teilnehmer des Projekts erwerben sollten waren die technische Kompetenz (iPad, Schnitt, Apps), die didaktische Gestaltung von Lernvideos (Präsentation der Lerninhalte, Gestaltung) und rechtliche Komponenten (Relevantes zu Urheberrecht und Persönlichkeitsrecht, z.B. Darstellung von Personen im Bild). In der ersten Projektphase wurden die teilnehmenden Kinder durch ExperteInnen unterwiesen. In der zweiten Phase wurden die TeilnehmerInnen mit einem Peer–to–Peer–Ansatz zu ExpertInnen und zeigen anderen Kindern („Peers“), in unserem Fall auch Erwachsenen, wie man Lernvideos mit iPads erstellt. In der projekteigenen Begleitforschung, die mit Unterstützung der Technischen Universität Graz durchgeführt wurde, wurden dazu unterschiedliche Verfahren eingesetzt um den Fortschritt der Kompetenzentwicklung nachzuzeichnen. Neben Fragebögen, Gruppeninterviews und Beobachtung wurden auch die Lernvideos analysiert und das Projekttagebuch hinzugezogen

Der Ansatz von Citizen Science bei der Erstellung von Lehr- und Lernmaterialien in einem Hochschulprojekt

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird aufgezeigt, wie der Ansatz von Citizen Science, also der Einbindung von nicht-wissenschaftlichen Personen bei der Entwicklung von Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, für den Einsatz des Lernroboters Ozobot realisiert wurde. Dazu werden im Beitrag Erfahrungen mit Citizen Science im bildungswissenschaftlichen Kontext skizziert sowie das Projekt und die Erfahrungen damit vorgestellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit Thesen zu Citizen Science in der Lehrmittelentwicklung und offenen Forschungsfragen. (DIPF/Orig.

Performance of non-invasive tests and histology for the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis

BackgroundHistologically assessed liver fibrosis stage has prognostic significance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is accepted as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials for non-cirrhotic NAFLD. Our aim was to compare the prognostic performance of non-invasive tests with liver histology in patients with NAFLD.MethodsThis was an individual participant data meta-analysis of the prognostic performance of histologically assessed fibrosis stage (F0–4), liver stiffness measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography (LSM-VCTE), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) in patients with NAFLD. The literature was searched for a previously published systematic review on the diagnostic accuracy of imaging and simple non-invasive tests and updated to Jan 12, 2022 for this study. Studies were identified through PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL, and authors were contacted for individual participant data, including outcome data, with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, or cirrhosis complications (ie, ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, or progression to a MELD score ≥15). We calculated aggregated survival curves for trichotomised groups and compared them using stratified log-rank tests (histology: F0–2 vs F3 vs F4; LSM: 2·67; NFS: 0·676), calculated areas under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (tAUC), and performed Cox proportional-hazards regression to adjust for confounding. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022312226.FindingsOf 65 eligible studies, we included data on 2518 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD from 25 studies (1126 [44·7%] were female, median age was 54 years [IQR 44–63), and 1161 [46·1%] had type 2 diabetes). After a median follow-up of 57 months [IQR 33–91], the composite endpoint was observed in 145 (5·8%) patients. Stratified log-rank tests showed significant differences between the trichotomised patient groups (p<0·0001 for all comparisons). The tAUC at 5 years were 0·72 (95% CI 0·62–0·81) for histology, 0·76 (0·70–0·83) for LSM-VCTE, 0·74 (0·64–0·82) for FIB-4, and 0·70 (0·63–0·80) for NFS. All index tests were significant predictors of the primary outcome after adjustment for confounders in the Cox regression.InterpretationSimple non-invasive tests performed as well as histologically assessed fibrosis in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with NAFLD and could be considered as alternatives to liver biopsy in some cases

Subnanometer Structure of an Asymmetric Model Membrane: Interleaflet Coupling Influences Domain Properties

Cell membranes possess a complex three-dimensional architecture, including nonrandom lipid lateral organization within the plane of a bilayer leaflet, and compositional asymmetry between the two leaflets. As a result, delineating the membrane structure–function relationship has been a highly challenging task. Even in simplified model systems, the interactions between bilayer leaflets are poorly understood, due in part to the difficulty of preparing asymmetric model membranes that are free from the effects of residual organic solvent or osmotic stress. To address these problems, we have modified a technique for preparing asymmetric large unilamellar vesicles (aLUVs) via cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange in order to produce tensionless, solvent-free aLUVs suitable for a range of biophysical studies. Leaflet composition and structure were characterized using isotopic labeling strategies, which allowed us to avoid the use of bulky labels. NMR and gas chromatography provided precise quantification of the extent of lipid exchange and bilayer asymmetry, while small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to resolve bilayer structural features with subnanometer resolution. Isotopically asymmetric POPC vesicles were found to have the same bilayer thickness and area per lipid as symmetric POPC vesicles, demonstrating that the modified exchange protocol preserves native bilayer structure. Partial exchange of DPPC into the outer leaflet of POPC vesicles produced chemically asymmetric vesicles with a gel/fluid phase-separated outer leaflet and a uniform, POPC-rich inner leaflet. SANS was able to separately resolve the thicknesses and areas per lipid of coexisting domains, revealing reduced lipid packing density of the outer leaflet DPPC-rich phase compared to typical gel phases. Our finding that a disordered inner leaflet can partially fluidize ordered outer leaflet domains indicates some degree of interleaflet coupling, and invites speculation on a role for bilayer asymmetry in modulating membrane lateral organization